EP0090645B1 - Detergent bar processing - Google Patents

Detergent bar processing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0090645B1
EP0090645B1 EP83301763A EP83301763A EP0090645B1 EP 0090645 B1 EP0090645 B1 EP 0090645B1 EP 83301763 A EP83301763 A EP 83301763A EP 83301763 A EP83301763 A EP 83301763A EP 0090645 B1 EP0090645 B1 EP 0090645B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavities
process according
rotor
soap
stator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83301763A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0090645A1 (en
Inventor
Terence Allan Clarke
Richard Barrie Edwards
Graeme Neil Irving
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unilever NV
Original Assignee
Unilever NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever NV filed Critical Unilever NV
Priority to AT83301763T priority Critical patent/ATE22463T1/de
Publication of EP0090645A1 publication Critical patent/EP0090645A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0090645B1 publication Critical patent/EP0090645B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/10—Mixing; Kneading
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/14—Shaping

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the processing of soap-containing feedstocks to harden tha soap product in bar or other solid form.
  • Soap bars and other solid forms are required to have a hardness which allows them to maintain their physical integrity during manufacture, packing and use.
  • a bar or other solid form below the satisfactory level may deform and may be marked by handling after manufacture.
  • Examples of bars which are liable to softness include those having a high proportion of unsaturated feedstocks e.g. tallow, soya and palm, and those containing a relatively high level of water (ca 13% and higher).
  • the high level of water may be present to provide optimum properties relating to another component.
  • the present invention achieves hardening of the soap material by subjecting it to considerable working within a specific temperature range in an efficient manner, the temperature range being sensitive to composition.
  • the present invention uses a device of the cavity transfer mixer class to work the soap base.
  • These devices comprise two closely spaced mutually displaceable surfaces each having a pattern of cavities which overlap during movement of surfaces so that material moved between the surfaces traces a path through cavities alternately in each surface so that the bulk of the material passes through the shear zone generated in the material by displacement of the surfaces.
  • Cavity transfer mixers are normally prepared with a cylindrical geometry and in the preferred devices for this process the cavities are arranged to give constantly available but changing pathways through the device during mutual movement of the two surfaces.
  • the devices having a cylindrical geometry can comprise a stator within which is journalled a rotor; the opposing faces of the stator and rotor carry the activities through which the material passes during its passage through the device.
  • the device may also have a planar geometry in which opposed plane surfaces having patterns of cavities would be moved mutually, for example by rotation of one plane, so that material introduced between the surfaces at the point of rotation would move outwards and travel alternately between cavities on each surface.
  • Another form of cylindrical geometry maintains the inner cylinder stationary while rotating the outer cylinder.
  • the central stator is more easily cooled, or heated if required, because the fluid connections can be made in a simple manner; the external rotor can also be cooled or heated in a relatively simple manner. It is also mechanically simpler to apply rotational energy to the external body rather than the internal cylinder.
  • the configuration has advantages in construction and use.
  • auxiliary equipment As the rotor is turned.
  • the auxiliary equipment are screw extruders and piston rams.
  • the auxiliary equipment is preferably operated separately from the mixer so that the throughput and work performed on it can be separately varied.
  • the separate operation may be achieved with the auxiliary equipment arranged to provide material for processing at an angle to the centre line of the shear-producing device. This arrangement allows rotational energy to be supplied to the device around its centre line. An in-line arrangement is more easily achieved when the external member of the device is the rotor. Separate operation of the device and the auxiliary equipment assists in providing control of the processing.
  • GB-A-930 339) disclose longitudinal slots in the two surfaces.
  • the stator and rotor may carry slots, for example six to twelve, spaced around their periphery and extending along their whole length.
  • EP-A-0 048 590 describes a specific form of cavity transfer mixer and suggests its application in soap processing.
  • EP-A-0 090 644 (83301762.7) describes the processing of a superfatted soap formulation to improve the properties.
  • EP-A-0 090 646 (83301764.3) describes the processing of soap compositions to reduce grittiness.
  • EP-A-0 090 647 (83301765.0) describes the incorporation of a volatile component in a soap composition.
  • EP ⁇ A ⁇ 0090649 (83301767.6) describes the manufacture of a transparent soap composition.
  • EP-A-0 090 648 (83301766.8) describes the aeration of a detergent formulation and
  • EP-A-0 090 650 (83301768.4) describes the control of phases in soap containing compositions.
  • one or both surfaces are subjected to thermal control.
  • the process allows efficient heating/cooling of the material to be achieved.
  • the temperature of the material during processing is in the range from about 30°C to about 55°C, preferably up to 50°C.
  • the soap feedstock may contain non-soap detergents in amounts which do not interfere with the desired effect.
  • these actives are alkane sulphonates, alcohol sulphates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, acyl isethionates, olefin sulphonates and ethoxylated alcohols.
  • the processed feedstock was made into bar form using standard stamping machinery.
  • Other solid product forms e.g. extruded particles (noodles) and beads can be prepared from the feedstock.
  • a cavity transfer mixer is shown in Figure 1 in longitudinal section. This comprises a hollow cylindrical stator member 1, a cylindrical rotor member 2 journalled for rotation within the stator with a sliding fit, the facing cylindrical surfaces of the rotor and stator carrying respective pluralities of parallel, circumferentially extending rows of cavities which are disposed with:
  • the pattern of cavities carried on the stator 3 and rotor 4 are illustrated on Figure 3.
  • the cavities 3 on the stator are shown hatched.
  • the overlap between patterns of cavities 3, 4 is also shown in Figure 2.
  • a liquid jacket 1A is provided for the application of temperature control by the passage of heating or cooling water.
  • a temperature control conduit 2A is provided in the rotor.
  • the material passing through the device moves through the cavities alternately on the opposing faces of the stator and rotor.
  • the cavities immediately behind those shown in section are indicated by dotted profiles on Figure 1 to allow the repeating pattern to be seen.
  • the material flow is divided between pairs of adjacent cavities on the same rotor or stator face because of the overlapping position of the cavities on the opposite stator or rotor face.
  • the whole or bulk of the material flow is subjected to considerable working during its passage through the shear zone generated by the mutual displacement of the stator and rotor surfaces.
  • the material is entrained for a short period in each cavity during passage and thus one of its velocity components is altered.
  • the mixer had a rotor radius of 2.54 cm with 36 hemispherical cavities (radius 0.9 cm) arranged in six rows of six cavities.
  • the internal surface of the stator carried seven rows of six cavities to provide cavity overlap at the entry and exit.
  • the material to be worked was injected into the device through channel 5, which communicates with the annular space between the rotor and stator, during operation by a screw extruder. The material left the device through nozzle 6.
  • Figure 4 shows elongate cavities arranged in a square pattern; these cavities have the sectional profile of Figure 2. These cavities are aligned with their longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device and the direction of movement of material through the device; the latter is indicated by the arrow.
  • Figure 5 shows a pattern of cavities having the dimensions and profile of those shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
  • the cavities of Figure 5 are arranged in a square pattern with each cavity being closely spaced from four adjacent cavities on the same surface. This pattern does not provide as high a degree of overlap as given by the pattern of Figure 3.
  • the latter has each cavity closely spaced to six cavities on the same surface, i.e. a hexagonal pattern.
  • Figure 6 is a section of a cavity transfer mixer having a rotor 7 rotatably positioned within the hollow stator 8 having an effective length of 10.7 cm and a diameter of 2.54 cm.
  • the rotor carried five parallel grooves 9 of semi-circular cross section (diameter 5 mm) equally spaced around the periphery and extending parallel to the longitudinal axis along the length of the rotor.
  • the inner cylindrical surface of the stator 8 carried eight grooves 10 of similar dimensions extending along its length and parallel to the longitudinal axis. This embodiment, utilised cavities extending along the length of the stator and rotor without interruption. A temperature control jacket and its conduit were present.
  • Figure 7 shows a pattern of cavities wherein the cavities on the rotor, shown hatched, and stator have a larger dimension normal to the material flow; the latter is indicated by an arrow.
  • the cavities are thus elongate.
  • This embodiment provides a lower presence drop over its length compared with devices of similar geometry but not having cavities positioned with a longer dimension normal, i.e. perpendicular to the material flow. To obtain a reduction in pressure drop at least one of the surfaces must carry elongate cavities having their longer dimension normal to the material flow.
  • the cavity transfer mixer of Figure 8 had the external cylinder 11 journalled for rotation about the central shaft 12. Temperature control jacket 13 and conduit were present but the latter is not shown because the cavities on the central shaft are shown in plan view while the rotor is sectioned.
  • the central stator (diameter 52 mm) had three rows 14 of three cavities with partial, i.e. half cavities at the entry and exit points. On the rotor there were four rows 15 of three cavities.
  • the cavities on the stator and rotor were elongate with a total arc dimension of 51.1 cm normal to the material flow with hemispherical section ends of 1.2 cm radius joined by a semicircular sectioned panel of the same radius.
  • the cavities were arranged in the pattern of Figure 7, i.e. with their long dimension normal to material flow.
  • the rotor was driven by a chain drive to external toothed wheel 16.
  • the mixer had a rotor radius of 2.54 cm with 36 hemispherical cavities (radius 0.9 cm) arranged in six rows of six cavities.
  • the internal surface of the stator carried seven rows of six cavities to provide cavity overlap at the entry and exit.
  • the temperatures used for processing the feedstocks to provide the designed hardening will be dependent on the composition used.
  • Tallow fat was saponified, washed, fitted and vacuum dried to 20% moisture. The chips were then extruded through the device with the aid of a soap plodder. The hardness was measured with a SUR (Berlin) penetrometer using a 9° conical needle under a total force of 200 g for 10 seconds. Cooling water was applied to the stator and rotor. The results are given in the Table I.
  • a soap feedstock comprising tallow 76% coconut 12% and soya bean oil 12% was prepared at a moisture content of 16.5%.
  • the feedstock was processed as in Example I and the hardness measured.
  • a feedstock of tallow/coconut 80/20 was prepared and the moisture increased to 18% by cold milling in additional water.
  • the feedstock was processed as in Example I and the hardness measured.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP83301763A 1982-03-29 1983-03-29 Detergent bar processing Expired EP0090645B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83301763T ATE22463T1 (de) 1982-03-29 1983-03-29 Verfahren zur detergensstueckherstellung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8209150 1982-03-29
GB8209150 1982-03-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0090645A1 EP0090645A1 (en) 1983-10-05
EP0090645B1 true EP0090645B1 (en) 1986-09-24

Family

ID=10529358

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83301763A Expired EP0090645B1 (en) 1982-03-29 1983-03-29 Detergent bar processing

Country Status (15)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0090645B1 (sh)
JP (1) JPS58208396A (sh)
AT (1) ATE22463T1 (sh)
AU (1) AU552314B2 (sh)
BR (1) BR8301597A (sh)
CA (1) CA1209434A (sh)
DE (1) DE3366383D1 (sh)
ES (1) ES521069A0 (sh)
GB (1) GB2118055B (sh)
GR (1) GR78501B (sh)
IN (1) IN157134B (sh)
MY (1) MY8700907A (sh)
PH (1) PH22057A (sh)
PT (1) PT76464B (sh)
ZA (1) ZA832187B (sh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8708829D0 (en) * 1987-04-13 1987-05-20 Unilever Plc Cleaning compositions

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970116A (en) * 1957-07-16 1961-01-31 Lever Brothers Ltd Soapmaking process
EP0048590A1 (en) * 1980-09-23 1982-03-31 Rapra Technology Limited Extruder mixer

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB843849A (en) * 1957-11-22 1960-08-10 Ici Ltd Mixing apparatus
GB930339A (en) * 1961-05-01 1963-07-03 Metal Box Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the extrusion of molten thermoplastic material
FR2136996B1 (sh) * 1971-05-11 1973-05-11 Creusot Loire
DD124023A1 (sh) * 1974-10-09 1977-02-02
DE2847457C2 (de) * 1978-11-02 1990-05-31 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkalisalzen der Fettsäuren in kontinuierlicher Arbeitsweise

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2970116A (en) * 1957-07-16 1961-01-31 Lever Brothers Ltd Soapmaking process
EP0048590A1 (en) * 1980-09-23 1982-03-31 Rapra Technology Limited Extruder mixer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6131756B2 (sh) 1986-07-22
ES8405066A1 (es) 1984-05-16
GB8308630D0 (en) 1983-05-05
ATE22463T1 (de) 1986-10-15
GB2118055A (en) 1983-10-26
DE3366383D1 (en) 1986-10-30
ES521069A0 (es) 1984-05-16
AU552314B2 (en) 1986-05-29
ZA832187B (en) 1984-11-28
PT76464A (en) 1983-04-01
JPS58208396A (ja) 1983-12-05
BR8301597A (pt) 1983-12-06
GR78501B (sh) 1984-09-27
IN157134B (sh) 1986-01-25
AU1286383A (en) 1983-10-06
GB2118055B (en) 1986-07-16
PH22057A (en) 1988-05-13
CA1209434A (en) 1986-08-12
PT76464B (en) 1986-02-27
MY8700907A (en) 1987-12-31
EP0090645A1 (en) 1983-10-05

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