EP0090336A2 - Circuit pour décharger des condensateurs à l'aide d'un relais - Google Patents
Circuit pour décharger des condensateurs à l'aide d'un relais Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0090336A2 EP0090336A2 EP83102853A EP83102853A EP0090336A2 EP 0090336 A2 EP0090336 A2 EP 0090336A2 EP 83102853 A EP83102853 A EP 83102853A EP 83102853 A EP83102853 A EP 83102853A EP 0090336 A2 EP0090336 A2 EP 0090336A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- relay
- voltage
- arc
- series circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for discharging capacities by means of a relay, a choke and a resistor being arranged in series with a contact of the relay and an RC series circuit being provided in parallel with the contact, in particular for automatically closing an interrupted remote feed loop before Interruption point in the operational remote feed loop of a remote feed device.
- the remote-powered intermediate regenerator stations or amplifiers.tellen of a long-range communication system can contain so-called switching accessories, which have the task of closing the remote feed circuit before the faulty amplifier field in the event of a line break.
- the fault location can then be carried out using a system-specific location procedure.
- the high remote voltage can be found between the open contacts voltage of eg 1200 V is constantly present.
- the line capacities charged to this voltage in particular the size of several microfarads, must be able to discharge through it.
- the choke coil serves as a protective circuit for the contact together with the RC series circuit arranged parallel to the contact.
- the object of the invention is to design a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset such that it can be accommodated in the smallest possible space with great availability.
- the circuit arrangement should be suitable for closing a remote feed loop interrupted in the event of a fault by the relay contact.
- the high voltages that arise after the interruption between the cable cores are short-circuited by the relay contact.
- the resulting discharge currents of the cable capacities must Can also carry relay contact.
- the circuit arrangement for solving this problem is designed in such a way that the inductor has a core made of saturable magnetic material and that the inductance of the unsaturated inductor is so large that an arc which arises when the contact closes at the contact after the winding capacity of the inductor has been charged goes out and that the capacitor of the RC series circuit is dimensioned so large that after the arc has been extinguished, the voltage generated at the RC series circuit during the closing process of the contact remains below the minimum value of the breakdown voltage of the contact.
- the resistance of the RC series circuit is expediently dimensioned in such a way that its voltage component in the voltage increasing at the contact after the arc has extinguished is only about 10 percent.
- the circuit arrangement is designed in such a way that the inductance effective in the unsaturated state of the choke is dimensioned such that the current flowing through the choke following the closing of the contact is smaller at the maximum value of the voltage that can be supplied by the supply device to the remote feed path is the limit value of the current specified for the contact at which no arcing occurs.
- the circuit arrangement can also be further perfected with regard to this problem in that a two-pole circuit is arranged parallel to the choke, which is blocked when the contact is open and is permeable when the contact closes after a predetermined delay time.
- the circuit arrangement is designed such that the relay is a relay with a non-bouncing contact, in particular with a mercury film contact. This has the advantage that the throttle needs to be dimensioned for only a short closing time of the contact and can therefore be kept particularly small.
- the remote feed device shown in FIG. 1 contains the feed point 1, which emits an impressed remote feed current I F to a remote feed loop 8 as a constant current source. Via the remote feed loop 8, several intermediate points containing amplifiers or regenerators are fed. Of a large number of intermediate points, only the intermediate point 2 with the switching additive 3 and the intermediate point 2 1 with the switching additive 3 1 are shown in FIG. 1. Each intermediate point contains two amplifiers, each of which is assigned to a direction of transmission. Both amplifiers can optionally be provided for one and the same transmission direction. The power supply inputs of the amplifiers of an intermediate point are each in different current paths 81, 82 of the remote feed loop 8.
- the switching additive 3 or 3 1 is arranged on the side of the amplifier facing away from the feed point 1.
- the excitation winding of the switching relay A or A ' whose normally closed contact a or a' is connected in series to a resistor R or R 'in a shunt arm which is connected from the supply point 1, is inserted into the one remote supply current path 81 of the further part of the remote supply loop 8 seen behind the amplifiers or regenerators 21, 22 or 21 ', 22' and before the excitation winding of the relay A or A '.
- the remote feed circuit runs in particular via the inner conductors of the coaxial cables of a four-wire transmission link or in a remote feed cable, for example in the case of optical fiber transmission links.
- the amplifiers or regenerators are provided with remote feed switches which separate the remote feed loop and signal transmission paths from one another and bring them together again in the intermediate point.
- FIG. 2 A switching accessory, which is suitable for a device of the type shown in FIG. 1 and thereby enables the use of space-saving small relays, is shown in FIG. 2.
- Switching relay A is the component used to close the replacement remote feed loop. In the event of a line interruption, its normally closed contact a connects the two remote feed current paths 81, 82 to one another via the resistor 11 and the choke 33.
- the choke 33 serves as contact protection when closing the normally closed contact a. It initially takes on the high remote supply voltage +, -, which can prevail between the supply current paths 81, 82, and only saturates, for example after a few 100 / us, when the normally closed contact a has closed securely.
- the series connection of the resistor 15 and the capacitor 23, which is parallel to the contact a, serves as contact protection when the normally closed contact a is closed.
- the circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 2 makes it possible to discharge charged to high voltage capacity smaller by relay switching performance, especially up to about '1400 V charged capacity cable in remote power supply circuits. Such high voltages can occur in particular if, after an interruption in the remote feed circuit, the remote feed device operating as a constant current source continues to feed and changes to the voltage limitation state.
- the inductance of the series choke 33 is also chosen so large that the relay contact a is acted upon during the closing process with such a reduced current that an arc ignited via the contact a immediately extinguishes.
- the RC series circuit protects the contact during the closing process against repeated ignition of an arc.
- the RC series circuit acts as contact protection during the closing process in that it relates to the Inductance of the inductor is dimensioned in a special way.
- the number of these breakdowns during the approach of the contact pieces can thereby advantageously be based on a single limit that the contact a with the capacitor 23 is bridged.
- the capacitor 23 discharges approximately to zero voltage.
- the resistor 15 serves to limit the discharge current.
- the voltage at contact a can only charge in accordance with the capacitance of capacitor 23 and the size of the choke equivalent resistor.
- the capacitance of the capacitor 23 and the equivalent resistance of the choke 33 cause the voltage rise across the capacitor 23 to be so slow that the contact pieces of the contact a are already in contact before the voltage across the capacitor exceeds the minimum voltage at which the contact pieces re-enter Flashover or arc can form, ie before the minimum value of the breakdown voltage is reached.
- the necessary size of the capacitor 23 results from the limit mentioned for the voltage rise.
- the upper limit of the resistor 15 is given by the voltage which increases suddenly after the arc has been extinguished at the resistor 15. This voltage, determined by the value of the resistor 15 and the magnetizing current of the choke 33, is kept so low by the dimensioning of the resistor 15 that it does not lead to a new ignition of an arc.
- the RC series circuit 15, 23 dimensioned in this way has a particularly advantageous effect in the case of non-bouncing contacts, in particular in the case of mercury film contacts, since the choke coil 33 then does not have to be dimensioned additionally for the entire bounce time.
- the circuit arrangement can advantageously also be used in dining areas, in order to reduce the output voltage to a non-hazardous value in the event of an interruption in the outgoing remote feed current paths.
- the choke 33 is a choke coil with an iron core, in which the inductance collapses to small values after saturation of the core.
- the voltage time area, which is applied until the choke coil is saturated, is so large that the choke coil only saturates after a delay time T.
- This delay time T is greater than the time T s that the contact needs after closing to come to rest. In the case of contacts wetted with mercury, this time takes up to 100 jU s depending on the type.
- the inductance L of the choke 33 fulfills a further condition: it is so great during the time T s that the current through the choke coil does not exceed a certain size during this time. This current is less than the specified current at which no arcing occurs.
- the area free of arcs can be seen from the diagram according to FIG. 3. This diagram is given for the relay.
- the capacitance C of the wiring capacitor 23 must not be less than a critical size C k . If the contact pieces approach each other when the contact a closes, the first breakdown occurs before the contact pieces touch. Simultaneously with this first breakdown, the capacitor 23 discharges via the resistor 15 and the contact a like an arc and the capacitor 23 is de-energized. At the same time, the capacity of the choke winding charges up. The current that feeds this arc stops and the arc breaks off. The current commutates to the RC circuit element and charges the capacitance C k with a certain rate of voltage rise. Now the voltage at contact a must not become higher than the specified voltage U kl until the final closing, at which no arc arises when closing.
- u max is the maximum possible voltage between the cable cores after the remote feed loop is interrupted.
- T k is the time from the first breakdown until the contact a is finally closed.
- the breakdown field strength can be used to determine the contact distance at which the first breakdown or arc occurs during the closing process.
- the time T k can then be determined via the contact speed and this distance.
- the value R of the resistor 15 is the discharge resistor for the capacitance C k . It may only be so large that its voltage share of the voltage that increases at the contacts after the first arc is extinguished is only about 10%
- the resistance R should not fall below a minimum value. It should be at least so large that the current which arises when the contact is finally closed due to the discharge of the wiring capacitor is still in the arcing-free range specified for contact a.
- a relay is expediently used, the contact of which is not damaged during the arc-like discharge of the circuit or can withstand a sufficiently large number of such discharges.
- the possible number of switching cycles taking into account the arc-like discharge of the capacitor 23 can e.g. be determined by endurance tests.
- the response winding 32 of the relay A can be activated with the aid of a first auxiliary relay C which is connected to the resistor 11 via a first delay circuit 61 of the cross branch is connected.
- Parallel to the choke 33 is a normally open contact b of a second auxiliary relay B, which is connected to the resistor 11 of the shunt arm via a second delay circuit 62.
- Both delay circuits 61, 62 each contain an RC series circuit 14, 51; 13, 52 and a transistor 71, 72.
- the auxiliary relay C or B assigned to the delay circuit 61 or 62 is located between the capacitor-side connection of the series circuit 14, 51 or 13, 52 and the emitter of the transistor 71, 72.
- the transistor 71 and 72 is connected to the collector at the resistance-side connection of the series circuit 14, 51 and 13, 52 and with its base to the connection point between the resistor 14 and 13 and the capacitor 51 and 52 of the series circuit 14, 51 and 13, 53 out.
- the delay time of the first delay circuit 61 is longer than that of the second delay circuit 62.
- a circuit for voltage stabilization is connected with a Z-diode 45 led to the resistor 11 of the shunt arm via a series resistor 12.
- the resistor 12 serves as protection against overcurrent pulses for the Z diode 45, which supplies a constant operating voltage for the delay circuits.
- a make contact c of the first auxiliary relay C is arranged in series with the response winding 32.
- the series connection of the normally open contact c and the response winding 32 is bridged by a diode 41 which is polarized in the forward direction for the remote feed current I F.
- the prerequisite here is that the voltage drop in the response current at the resistance of the response winding is sufficiently lower than the threshold voltage of the diode 41. If the voltage drop is higher, the diode 41 must pass through two or a corresponding number of threshold values be replaced so that when the contact c is closed, the entire response current flows through the winding 32.
- Parallel to the series circuit formed from the holding winding 31 and the response winding 32 of the switching relay A and the normally open contact c of the first auxiliary relay C are two antiparallel connected diode branches 44 and 42, 43.
- the diodes 42, 43 and 44 serve to protect the relay winding against overcurrent pulses the distance that can be caused by lightning strikes or induced surges in the cable.
- the diode branch polarized in the forward direction for the remote supply current I F with the diode paths 42, 43 contains such a number of diode paths that the voltage at the holding winding 31 of the switching relay A is limited by the diode branch 42, 43 at the nominal value of the remote supply current I F.
- the inductor 33 After the discharge of the line via the shunt arm of the switching additive, the inductor 33 is short-circuited via the contact b of the auxiliary relay B which is actuated with a corresponding delay.
- the protective choke 33 is therefore only bypassed after the section discharge current has flowed through, ie after its protective function has expired. On the one hand, this avoids unnecessary power loss at the choke 33 due to the remote feed current now flowing through the shunt arm, and on the other hand also initiates the demagnetization of the saturated choke.
- the winding changeover carried out with switching relay A prevents overexcitation and ensures a trouble-free interaction of the switching additives on the route. It allows the activation of the response winding. to use a simple work contact. As shown in FIG. 2, the response winding 32 of the relay A is connected in series with the holding winding 31 by means of the contact c switched. After switching relay A responds, this connection is opened; the remote feed current then flows via the diode bypass 41 directly to the holding winding 31.
- the switching relay A does not respond again until the protective inductor 33 has demagnetized via the short circuit of the contact b and has, as it were, become capable of being protected again.
- the current flowing in the transverse branch during the discharge process of the cable capacitance is initially limited by the choke 33.
Landscapes
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83102853T ATE40492T1 (de) | 1982-03-29 | 1983-03-22 | Schaltungsanordnung zur entladung von kapazitaeten mittels eines relais. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19823211549 DE3211549A1 (de) | 1982-03-29 | 1982-03-29 | Schaltungsanordnung zur entladung von kapazitaeten mittels relais |
DE3211549 | 1982-03-29 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0090336A2 true EP0090336A2 (fr) | 1983-10-05 |
EP0090336A3 EP0090336A3 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
EP0090336B1 EP0090336B1 (fr) | 1989-01-25 |
Family
ID=6159612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83102853A Expired EP0090336B1 (fr) | 1982-03-29 | 1983-03-22 | Circuit pour décharger des condensateurs à l'aide d'un relais |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0090336B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE40492T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3211549A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5541317A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1996-07-30 | Sankyo Company, Limited | Azetidinone compounds useful in the preparation of carbapenem antibiotics and process for preparing carbapenem and penem compounds |
CN103326905A (zh) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-09-25 | 迈普通信技术股份有限公司 | 放电电路、通信设备和放电方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE742715C (de) * | 1940-07-24 | 1943-12-09 | Siemens Ag | Einrichtung zum Abschalten von Gleichstrom-Hochspannungsleitungen |
GB957721A (en) * | 1959-07-03 | 1964-05-13 | Claesson Harry Elias | Device for reducing erosion in electric contacts |
US4056836A (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1977-11-01 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method and apparatus for interrupting large current |
-
1982
- 1982-03-29 DE DE19823211549 patent/DE3211549A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1983
- 1983-03-22 AT AT83102853T patent/ATE40492T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-03-22 DE DE8383102853T patent/DE3379087D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-03-22 EP EP83102853A patent/EP0090336B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE742715C (de) * | 1940-07-24 | 1943-12-09 | Siemens Ag | Einrichtung zum Abschalten von Gleichstrom-Hochspannungsleitungen |
GB957721A (en) * | 1959-07-03 | 1964-05-13 | Claesson Harry Elias | Device for reducing erosion in electric contacts |
US4056836A (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1977-11-01 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method and apparatus for interrupting large current |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
ELEKTRO-TECHNIK, Band 33, Nr. 40, Oktober 1951, Seiten 7 und 8, VOGEL-VERLAG K.G., Wurzburg DE; VON SIEGFRIED JAHN: "Funkenfreies Schalten" * |
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS, Band PAS-91, Nr. 4, Juli-August 1972, Seiten 1570-1574, New York, US; A.N. GREENWOOD et al.: "Theory and application of the communication principle for HVDC circuit breakers" * |
SIEMENS ZEITSCHRIFT 48 (1974), Beiheft "Nachrichten-Übertragungstechnik", p. 111 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5541317A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1996-07-30 | Sankyo Company, Limited | Azetidinone compounds useful in the preparation of carbapenem antibiotics and process for preparing carbapenem and penem compounds |
CN103326905A (zh) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-09-25 | 迈普通信技术股份有限公司 | 放电电路、通信设备和放电方法 |
CN103326905B (zh) * | 2013-07-16 | 2017-03-08 | 迈普通信技术股份有限公司 | 放电电路、通信设备和放电方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3379087D1 (en) | 1989-03-02 |
EP0090336A3 (en) | 1986-03-19 |
ATE40492T1 (de) | 1989-02-15 |
EP0090336B1 (fr) | 1989-01-25 |
DE3211549A1 (de) | 1983-10-06 |
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