EP0089862B1 - Coke oven battery and process for repairing old batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

A construction for a battery of coke ovens and to a method for repairing them in which a continuous vertical joint plane is provided in the walls of the piers separating the ovens of the batteries, which walls are constructed of courses and headers and stretchers, the plane extending along one of the lateral faces of the headers, with one of the two adjacent stretchers of the course immediately above and below the header being longer than the other stretchers in the wall and the other being shorter so that the joint between them is located in the same vertical plane as the said faces of the headers.

Description

The invention relates to a battery of coke ovens and to a method for repairing old batteries.

The coke oven batteries are composed (see in cross section in fig. 1) of a central part 1 of coal distillation, of a front part 2 or machinery and of a rear part 3 of coke outlet .

The central part 1 essentially consists of a brick structure produced on a base 4 and comprising at 5 a regenerator and at 7 an alternating arrangement, in the longitudinal direction, of oven cells 8 and sides 9 (see fig. 2 ).

The oven cells 8 are intended to contain the coal to be distilled and have upper orifices 10 for loading the cells with coal via the hoppers 11 of a furnace 12 (in the case of gravity charging ).

The sides 9 are divided from the front of the battery and towards the rear by a succession of spacers 13 delimiting flues 14 supplied with air and gas so that the heat released by the combustion of the gas produces the distillation of the harden adjacent 8 oven cells.

The front part 2 consists of an unloader 15, movable longitudinally to the battery of ovens on rails 151, this unloader being provided with a ram 15 ₂ , movable in the direction of the arrow F, in order to penetrate by the front orifice 8 ₂ of the opposite oven cell for pushing the coke salmon out of this cell through the rear orifice 81.

The displacement of the unloader 15 on the rails 15, therefore makes it possible to place the ram 15 ₂ opposite the various furnace cells to unload them after distillation of the coal.

This front part 2 also includes, as shown in FIG. 1, a collector 16 of the gas produced during the distillation of the coal, this gas being brought to this collector by a riser 16, and a barrel 16 ₂ .

The rear part of the battery of coke ovens comprises a coke guide 17 movable longitudinally on rails 17, in order to be placed in front of the rear orifice 8 ₁ of the oven cell 8 to be unloaded, and a coke wagon 18, longitudinally movable on the battery on rails 18, so that, when an oven cell 8 is discharged by the ram 15 ₂ , the coke salmon is deposited in a layer of uniform thickness on the coke wagon 18 which moves in synchronism with the fall of the coke.

This rear part 3 also includes a coke platform 19 on which the coke from the wagon 18 is poured for cooling after extinction.

The flues 14 of the corners are supplied with air and gas in alternating cycles, the air supply being effected by means of the cells of the regenerator so that the air supplying half of the flues is heated by the cells of the regenerator which were, in the previous cycle, heated by the fumes resulting from the combustion of the gas.

The pedestals 9, alternated with the oven cells 8, are produced according to a construction method which is shown in FIG. 2 in horizontal section along A-A of fig. 1 and in fig. 3 in perspective.

The pedestals 9, separating the oven cells 8, are made by a brick construction surrounded by a vertical metal frame 21, while the rear ends 8 ₁ of the cells 8 are closed by doors 22 which are open during the feeding of the salmon of coke.

This construction of the sides consists of beds superimposed on brisques 23 _i , 23 _s , 23g, etc., which, to constitute the lateral partitions 24 separating the flues from the oven cells, each consist of panneresses 25 and of struts 26, panneresses 25 being arranged at the height of the flues 14, while the headers 26 extend, for the same bed, one spacer out of two.

In addition, the two adjoining panneresses of the same bed have their joint plane located in the middle of the end faces of headers of the upper and lower beds, so that the joint plane 27 of two adjoining panniers of a bed is located vertically in the middle of the width of the end faces of the two headers 26 of the lower and upper beds (see fig. 3).

However, the batteries of known coke ovens often exhibit, after a few years of operation, damage to the walls 24, whether on the rear side (coke side) or on the front side (machine side), these damage being established on a length corresponding to several flues 14.

These degradations, which are in the form of chipped bricks, stripped joints or cracks at the height of the joints or in the bricks, are due to the repetition of thermal shocks, to the deformation of the uprights of the reinforcing frames 21 and to the different expansion of certain parts of the construction which are subjected to different temperature regimes.

We strive to overcome these degradations by relining the open joints, by spraying a refractory product on the walls or by veiling the ovens, using a pressurized air charged with fine dust, with ceramic setting, in order plug small cracks.

There comes a point, however, when the frequency of necessary interventions is such that, far from remedying the damage, it is further aggravated by the repetition of thermal shocks and, in addition, the ignition of gas leaks near the doors or through the cracks. of the walls creates overheating and aggravates the deformations of the uprights of the frames 21, thereby facilitating the creation of cracks or their widening.

We end up being engaged in a process of degradations which feed themselves and it is then necessary to reconstruct the heads of the pedestals over a length corresponding to several flues on the coke side and on the machine side.

Often, moreover, the intervention which is required is more important on the coke side than on the machine side because of the abrasion effect of the coke during its discharge and reheating of the metal parts which it causes.

The reconstruction of the heads of the sides takes place as follows: the temperature of the sides 9 to be repaired and that of the adjacent sides is lowered to around 1000 ° C., the heating is cut off on the carnals 14 which must be demolished and rebuilt the oven cells 8 concerned by the sidewalls to be repaired beyond the repair to be carried out relative to the end of the oven, the walls whose flues are kept heated are provided with thermal protections and the flues to be repaired are demolished respecting the rules of the art, that is to say by protecting the air and gas inlets against the fall of rubble.

If the repairs include that of the cover, the vaults and cover corresponding to the piers to be repaired are also demolished, otherwise, before the demolition of the flues, the vaults are supported or suspended.

The reconstruction of the ends of the flues is then carried out either identically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, either in the manner shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.

According to the first method, it is necessary to fit in, on the basis of one seat out of two, new cold panneresses between the old hot headers and, for example by supposing that the repair is carried out up to line 29 fig. 3, it is necessary to fit new and cold panniers 25, between old and hot headers 26,.

However, the new and cold end of the pedestal undergoes expansion efforts during its rise in temperature and it tends to move horizontally and especially vertically while the old hot part no longer expands and therefore does not move.

New cracks appear in the recesses.

To avoid these cracks, each embedded brick should expand on itself by compressing the binder without its expansion reacting on the new brick above it.

This is not so and the expansions are added to each other so that the embedded bricks are subjected to stresses due to the accumulation of elementary expansions.

According to the second method (see fig. 4 and 5), the walls 24 are cut along a vertical plane 30, perpendicular to the wall and from top to bottom of the walls, this vertical plane passing through the middle of the headers 26 ₂ of this plan.

We demolish the end of the affected pedestal, then we proceed to its reconstruction, the old hot part and the new cold part being connected by a smooth vertical joint which then allows the vertical sliding of the new part compared to the old part during of its dilation.

The sealing of this joint plane is ensured by the application of refractory products.

This second method however has significant drawbacks and in particular sawing the pedestal is not without shaking the assembly which is a complex assembly of bricks linked together by sorts of tenons and mortises.

However, this shaking risks seriously damaging the solidity of the preserved part of the pedestal, all the more so since it is a construction which is no longer in perfect condition.

In addition, this second method leads to weakening the headers 26 ₂ whose width is reduced by half at the height of the joint plane 30, while it is very difficult to obtain a vertical sliding joint which is tight and to avoid consequently the leakage of gas towards the flue or smoke towards the cell, which again leads to the rapid deterioration of the walls and the need for important and delicate follow-up maintenance.

British patent N ° 2050586 describes a repair process consisting in sawing the damaged part vertically in line with one of the side faces of the headers; the adjacent pannieresses are therefore cut along the joint plane, and the preserved pannieresse part is assembled with a repair brick provided with an internal covering tab.

It is also known from French patent N ° 2304660 to produce a vertical joint plane along a vertical alignment of one of the lateral faces of the headers and to set up molded connecting bricks which will form the separation of the two flues adjacent to the joint plane. We do not find, at the height of the joint plane, jointing failures.

The object of the present invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks and to this end relates to a battery of coke ovens comprising a brick structure assembled by a binder and placed above a regenerator. This structure delimiting, in the longitudinal direction of the battery, an alternating succession of furnace cells containing the coal to be distilled and legs supplied with air and gas so that the heat released by the combustion of the gas ensures the coking of the coal introduced into the cells, the cells (or ovens) being provided at their upper end with holes for loading the cells in distilled coal, at their rear end with an orifice for discharging the coke to a coke guide and a coke wagon and at their front end of an orifice for the passage of a ram for the discharge of coke salmon through the rear orifice, each pedestal being divided internally and vertically into flues by spacers, while the walls of the pedestals also constituting the walls of the adjacent oven cells consist of a stack of horizontal beds of bricks fitted with tenons and mortises, each bed comprising panners esses arranged at the height of the flues and of the headers extending one spacer out of two so that two headers of the same bed are separated by two adjoining panniers assembled at the height of a spacer without headers, the stacked beds being also made that the joint of two adjoining panneresses of a bed is located between two headers of the upper and lower adjacent beds, oven battery, characterized in that the walls of the sides which also constitute the walls of the oven cells have, near at least one of their ends adjacent to the front and rear openings of the oven cells, a vertical joint plane established along of a vertical alignment of one of the side faces of the headers, the two joining panniers of the upper and lower beds to those containing these headers being one elongated, the other shortened so that their assembly joint is in said vertical joint plane.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the assembly joint plane lying in the vertical plane is a flat joint assembly with grooves and vertical intermediate rod.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the rod of the flat joint assembly is rectilinear and constituted by an element independent of the pannieresses and headers and is housed, with the interposition of a binder, in vertical grooves formed in the faces of the ends of these panneresses and the lateral faces of these headers, opposite.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the rod consists of elements made of refractory material (silica or silico-aluminous), the length of which is greater than the thickness of a bed of panniers and headers.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the vertical joint plane is established at the height of the second spacer of the piers counted from the front and / or rear ends of these piers.

• la fig. 1 est une vue en coupe transversale schématique d'une batterie de fours à coke,
• la fig. 2 est une coupe suivantA-A dans un plan de joint de la fig. 1,
• la fig. 3 est une vue en perspective partielle d'un piédroit de type connu,
• les fig. 4 et 5 représentent en coupe horizontale au niveau d'un joint entre lits et en perspective un mode de réparation connu des piédroits de batterie de fours à coke,
• la fig. 6 est une vue en perspective d'un piédroit conforme à l'invention,
• la fig. 6 bis est une vue en perspective d'un piédroit conforme à une variante de l'invention,
• la fig. 7 est une vue de dessus du piédroit de la fig. 6,
• la fig. 8 est une coupe suivant B-B de la fig. 6,
• la fig. 9 est une coupe suivant C-C de la fig. 8.

The invention is shown, by way of non-limiting example, in the accompanying drawings, in which:

• fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery of coke ovens,
• fig. 2 is a section along A-A in a joint plane of FIG. 1,
• fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of a known type of pedestal,
• fig. 4 and 5 represent in horizontal section at the level of a joint between beds and in perspective a known method of repair of the coves of battery of coke ovens,
• fig. 6 is a perspective view of a pedestal according to the invention,
• fig. 6 bis is a perspective view of a pedestal according to a variant of the invention,
• fig. 7 is a top view of the pedestal of FIG. 6,
• fig. 8 is a section along BB of FIG. 6,
• fig. 9 is a section along CC of FIG. 8.

The object of the present invention is therefore to produce a battery of new coke ovens or to repair old batteries which make it possible to avoid, or at least significantly reduce, the harmful effects resulting from temperature variations and which result in deterioration of the ovens (cracking of joints or bricks, stripping of joints, etc.).

The present invention allows, in addition, the ceuvrede materials of different nature having different characteristics relating in particular to thermal shock resistance or resistance to high temperatures, so as to increase the reliability of the construction.

Furthermore, the present invention makes it possible to facilitate the construction and repair of oven batteries, as well as to maintain a tight seal at the height of the parts of ovens subjected to different temperature conditions and therefore capable of being displaced one by one. compared to each other.

In fig. 6 and 7, one of the legs 9 of a battery of coke ovens according to the invention is shown, these legs being alternated with the oven cells 8, as shown in FIG. 2.

These legs are divided from front to back, by the spacers 31 delimiting the flues 32, the side walls 33 of these legs, which also constitute the walls of the adjacent oven cells 8, being produced by a vertical stacking of beds horizontal 34 ,, 34 ₂ , 34 ₃ each made using panniers 35 and headers 36 assembled by a binder.

For each bed, two consecutive struts 36 are separated by two adjoining panniers, while from each bed with adjacent lower and upper beds, the junction plane 38 of two contiguous panniers is located in the middle of the end face of the struts of the beds adjacent upper and lower.

However, in accordance with the invention, this construction is modified near one or both ends of the sides, so as to establish a joint plane which in the example shown is located in a vertical plane 39.

For this purpose, at the height of this vertical joint plane 39, the panneresses 35 ,, disposed opposite this plane 39 relative to the adjacent end of the pedestal, have a length such that one of their faces ends is located in this joint plane 39.

Likewise, the facing pannieresses 35 ₂ , which are situated on the side of the adjacent end of the pedestal with respect to this plane 39, are shortened by a corresponding length so that one of their end faces is also located in this shot 39.

This plane 39 is thus, in the example shown, situated at the height of a vertical alignment of a lateral face of the struts 36 and of the side of the lateral edge of these struts which is directed towards the end of the pedestal, as is note in fig. 6 and 7. The joint plane 39 may also be located, if desired, at 39, on the opposite side of the headers 36.

In accordance with the invention, provision is also made to produce, at the height of this vertical joint plane 39, an assembly 40 with a flat joint with grooves and a vertical intermediate rod which allows the two parts of this pedestal, situated on either side other of the plane 39, to move vertically as a function of the temperature conditions to which they are subjected, while retaining a tight seal.

As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, a rod 41 of this assembly 40 is rectilinear and constituted by an independent element, in the example of a square section. This rod 41 is housed with the interposition of a binder 42, in recesses 43 of corresponding shape, with a V-shaped profile on the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, which are formed vertically opposite one another in the end faces of the pannieresses or the lateral faces of the headers and thus determining vertical grooves. This rod and the recesses may be of various geometric shapes.

In addition, according to the invention, these rods 41 are of a length greater than the thickness of a bed 34 _,, 34 _z , 34 _s , etc., that is to say greater than the thickness of a pannier or a header and are arranged so that a rod 41, located at the level of a bed, protrudes by its ends in the upper and lower adjacent beds and preferably over half the height of these adjacent beds. In this case, the length of a rod is therefore equal to twice the thickness of each bed.

In addition, this joint plane 39 is preferably made at the height of the second spacer 31 counted from the adjacent end of the pedestal.

Thus, this joint plane 39 is disposed between the zones which, during the operation of the battery, are subjected to different temperature conditions resulting for example from the greater action of the temperature of the ambient air on the ends of the walls or more significant cooling of the ends of the walls when the adjacent oven cells are discharged.

Also, by this construction and to increase the reliability of the battery of coke ovens, the inner part of the pedestal relative to the joint plane 39 can be made using a siliceous material which is resistant to high temperatures but less well to thermal shock whereas, on the contrary, the part of the pedestal located towards its end relative to this plane 39 will be made using a material which is less resistant to high temperatures but better to thermal shock (silico-aluminous or other).

In order to facilitate the installation of the panniers at the height of the vertical joint plane 39 and also in order to increase the lateral solidity of the construction, the headers 36 may include stops 44 for positioning the shortest panniers 35 ₂ coming s 'apply against them.

According to the present invention, a method has also been devised making it possible to produce such a vertical joint 40 in the sides of old coke oven batteries.

In this case, each affected pedestal is demolished up to the vertical plane 39 to be produced, that is to say just upstream of a spacer relative to the adjacent end of the oven.

In the first conserved flue 32 ₁ , the heating of which is stopped, longer panners 35 are put in place of the existing panners, these panners being dimensioned so that their end face directed towards the end of the pedestal is located at the height of this plane 39, that is to say in the extension of the lateral faces of the headers constituting the adjacent upper and lower beds.

In the end face of these pannieresses, adjacent to the joint plane 39, a vertical groove with a V-profile, arranged in the middle of its width, has been cut before and after dimensioning.

These new new and cold panniers 35, thus embedded in the old and hot part, see their temperature rise rapidly and the resulting expansion is compensated by a compression of the binder separating the beds at the height of these panners without this expansion has repercussions on the headers and the breakdowns of the upper and lower planes.

Therefore, in terms of temperatures and expansion, we can assimilate these longer panneresses 35, the old part of the pedestal.

For the other beds, a corresponding V-shaped groove is cut in the lateral face of the headers so that this set of headers and pannieresses presents towards the outside of the furnace and therefore towards the part to be reconstructed, a vertical plane face, perpendicular to the wall and in which there is a groove, for example V-shaped, constituting an assembly groove with which the new part to be constructed will cooperate with the old part.

The construction of the new part is then carried out by mounting the shorter panniers 35 ₂ , one bed out of two, up to the last flue 32 to be repaired (second flue in the example shown in FIG. 6).

The end faces of the panneresses which are situated at the height of this vertical joint plane are also provided with a groove, whether they are normal panneresses or shortened panneresses 35 ₂ adjacent to the upper and lower beds.

As the construction progresses, the rod 41 is put in place with the interposition of a binder so that this joint allows free vertical expansion of the new part with respect to the old part without it being exerted constraints on each other and while retaining the tightness of assembly between these two parts.

In the example described, only one vertical rod is provided at the height of the plane 39 of each of the walls 33, but if this appears desirable, several parallel vertical rods can be provided, these rods being able in this case to be produced of smaller section and various geometric shapes.

As a variant and in the event that the repair has to go as far as the planned joint plane 39 bis (see fig. 6 bis), it would be envisaged to encounter difficulties in carefully removing the failures 35 ₃ and replacing them with failures 35 , in order to constitute the vertical sliding joint at the level of the plane 39 bis, all the masonry is carefully demolished up to the plane 39 bis for the panniers connecting to the headers of which a lateral face is included in the plane 39 bis, and up to '' at the brick joint immediately after plane 39a, for the other vertical joints (between panneresses), that is to say that we remove the quilts its 36 and the panneresses adjacent to these headers; we also remove the spacers 311. Then we rebuild the flue immediately preceding the plane 39 bis (dotted parts of fig. 6 bis) according to the usual technique of connection with existing bricks, however, having one seat in two (seat where the joint normal between panneresses was plumb with the vertical axis of the headers 36) of the longer panneresses 35, so as to constitute a vertical joint plane of sliding in position 39.

During the reconstruction of the remaining part (hatched part of fig. 6bis), at the flue adjacent to the vertical sliding joint 39, in continuation of each purlin 35, will be arranged a purlin 35 shortened 35 ₂ to then reconstitute the normal apparatus flues, as described above.

Claims (8)

1. Battery of coke ovens comprising a structure (7) of bricks assembled by a bonding material and arranged above a regenerator (5), this structure delimiting in the longitudinal direction of the battery an alternate succession of oven cells (8) containing the coal to be distilled and of piedroits (9) supplied with air and gas sothat the heat liberated by the combustion of the gas effects the coking of the coal introduced into the cells, the cells (or ovens) being provided at their upper end with charging orifices (10) for the cells (8) with coal to be distilled, at their rear end with an orifice (81) for the discharge of the coke to a coke guide (17) and a coke truck (18), and at their front end with an orifice (8₂) for the passage of a ram (15₂) for the discharge of the pig coke through the rear orifice (8₁), each piedroit (9) being divided internally and vertically into flues (32) by distance elements (31), whilst the walls (33) of the piedroits likewise constituting the walls of the adjacent oven cells are formed by a stack of horizontal courses (34,, 34₂, 34₃) of bricks equipped with tenons and mortises, each course comprising stretchers (35) arranged at the height of the flues, and bonders (36) prolonging one distance element in two so that two bonders (36) of one and the same course are separated by two adjacent stretchers (35) assembled at the height of a distance element (31) with no bonders, the stacked courses also being constructed so that the joint (38) of two adjacent stretchers of a course is located between two bonders (36) of the upper and lower adjacent courses, the oven battery characterised in that the walls (33) of the piedroits (9) likewise forming the walls of the oven cells exhibit, in the proximity of at least one of their ends adjacent to the front and rear apertures of the oven cells, a vertical joint plane (39) made along a vertical alignment of one of the lateral faces of the bonders (36), one (35,) of the two adjacent stretchers of the courses above and below those containing these bonders being prolonged, the other (35₂) shortened so that their assembly joint is located in said vertical joint plane (39), and in that said assembly joint is a flat joint (40) assembly with grooves (43) and vertical intermediate feather (41), said feather being straight and formed by an element independent of the stretchers (35) and bonders (36) and is housed, with interposition of a bonding material (42), in the vertical grooves (43) formed in the faces of the ends of these stretchers and of the lateral faces of these bonders, oppositely.

2. Battery according to Claim 1, characterised in that the feather (41 ) consists of elements of refractory material, the length of which is greater than the thickness of a course (34,, 34₂, 34₃) of stretchers and bonders.

3. Battery according to Claim 2, characterised in that each feather element (41 ) is arranged over the total height of one or more courses and over a part of the two upper and lower adjacent courses.

4. Battery according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the vertical joint plane (39) is made at the height of the second distance element (32) of the piedroits counting from the front and/or rear ends of these piedroits.

5. Battery according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the stretchers, bonders and distance elements forming the piedroits between the vertical joint plane (39) and the adjacent end are made of a material exhibiting a resistance to thermal shocks which is greater than that of the material forming the stretchers, bonders and distance elements of the central part (37) of the piedroits, the material forming these piedroits between the vertical joint plane and the adjacent end also exhibiting a resistance to high temperatures which is less than that of the material forming the central part.

6. Battery according to any of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the vertical joint plane (39) made along a vertical alignment of the lateral faces of bonders is located on that side of these bonders which is directed towards the adjacent end of the respective piedroit.

7. Method of repairing old batteries of coke ovens, characterised in that the ends of the piedroits to be repaired are demolished as far as a plane required to form said vertical joint plane (39), this vertical joint plane being located along a vertical alignment of one of the lateral faces of the bonders (36), the stretchers (35) which are arranged between the bonders adjacent to this joint plane are removed, these stretchers are replaced by other stretchers (35₁), the length of which is such that one of their end faces is located in this vertical joint plane (39), at least one vertical groove is made in the lateral feces of the bonders and in the end faces of the stretchers required to form this joint plane and the end of the piedroit is reconstructed by arranging an intermediate feather (41 ) in the assembly formed with the corresponding groove of the new, normal and shortened stretchers, said feather being straight and formed by an element independent of the stretchers (35) and bonders (36) and is housed, with interposition of a bonding material (42), in vertical grooves (43) formed in the faces of the ends of these stretchers and of the lateral faces of these bonders, oppositely.

8. Method according to Claim 7, characterised in that, in addition to the stretchers (35) disposed between the bonders (36) adjacent to the foreseen joint plane (39), these bonders (36), the stretchers adjacent to these bonders until the joint located behind the plane (39 bis) and the distance elements (31₁ ) are removed, then the flue immediately preceding the plane (39 bis) is reconstructed, disponing of one course in two the longer stretchers (351) so as to form the sliding vertical joint plane (39).

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