EP0089018B1 - Process for continuously manufacturing fibre-reinforced fleeces - Google Patents

Process for continuously manufacturing fibre-reinforced fleeces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089018B1
EP0089018B1 EP83102367A EP83102367A EP0089018B1 EP 0089018 B1 EP0089018 B1 EP 0089018B1 EP 83102367 A EP83102367 A EP 83102367A EP 83102367 A EP83102367 A EP 83102367A EP 0089018 B1 EP0089018 B1 EP 0089018B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
needled
web
particles
needling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83102367A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0089018A1 (en
Inventor
Günter TESCH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TESCH, GUENTER HORST
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Individual
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Priority to AT83102367T priority Critical patent/ATE20254T1/en
Publication of EP0089018A1 publication Critical patent/EP0089018A1/en
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Fiber-reinforced webs are made from a wide variety of elastic materials, whereby in addition to the use of raw materials, waste material is increasingly used.
  • DE-B 1 038 266 discloses a process for the production of porous material consisting of textile fibers, in particular textile waste and binders, in which the textile fibers aggregate into small units in the dry state and these fiber bales are circulated in a drum with a liquid, are sprayed into droplet-shaped binder so that it adheres to the surface of the fiber bales in a punctiform manner, whereupon a further hardening of the resulting mass sprays a hardening agent and then the mass is shaped, dried and hardened.
  • FR-A 1 455313 (British Nylon Spinners Ltd.) (cf. AT-A 298392 and US-A 3 506 529) a method is known in which a three-layer web is formed by the fact that a flexible foam layer between two nonwoven fabrics placed and the structure created in this way is needled.
  • a foam layer can e.g. be a polyester-polyurethane foam sheet.
  • Such a layer has its own inner cohesion even before it is inserted between and needling with the two fiber layers.
  • a generic method is known from DE-A 2 855 059. There, a process for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs is described, in which a core layer of particles is placed between an underlay layer and a cover layer as outer layers, at least one of the two outer layers consisting of actively needled fibers. These three layers are needled together.
  • Fine-grained or fibrous solid active substance particles are used as the material for the core layer, which may include comminuted leather, peat, tree bark or synthetic foam particles. All of these particles can be easily pierced by the needling needles when needling the three layers, some of these particles break apart when needling, i.e. larger particles are divided into two or more smaller particles. As a result, however, the particle size in the needled core layer cannot be predetermined.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic method by which granules of an elastic, non-foamed material, in particular waste material, can be processed to a fiber-reinforced covering material web with its own internal cohesion.
  • needling single fibers or tufts of fibers are pierced from a layer containing fibers on another layer by means of barbed needles, into which the other layer gets stuck when the needles are withdrawn, thereby connecting the layer containing fibers to the other layer.
  • a prerequisite for performing the needling technique is therefore the presence of a layer of "actively needled substances", i.e. a layer that consists of fibrous structures that can be used to carry out the needle process or contains such structures.
  • the other layer, into which the actively needlable fibers are introduced must at least be passively needlable, i.e. it must be able to hold the fibers inserted into it.
  • passively needle-punched layer can itself be actively needle-punchable, but passively needle-punchable layers can also be known to be formed by woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, spunbonds, foils made of plastic or paper or the like.
  • both the top layer and the underlayer can also be constructed in multiple layers.
  • the underlayer can consist of a plastic film and a non-woven fabric, e.g. the film faces the core layer.
  • elastic, non-foamed granulate material e.g. from vulcanized rubber, whether from waste rubber waste or whether it is specially produced for this purpose, synthetically produced, non-foamed elastomers or granules provided with or without binders and obtained from needle felt floor coverings as a core layer between two outer layers can be needled between them.
  • the fiber-reinforced, elastic web formed in this way has its own internal cohesion and can now also be handled without a support and / or support surface - floating.
  • Such a sheet can be used as an elastic floor for sports and playgrounds, this non-set or non-vulcanized sheet being applied to the floor to be covered, which previously was e.g. has been provided with an adhesive layer to give the web adhesion to the surface.
  • This web adhering to the ground is e.g. then with a liquid binder, e.g. impregnated with a two-component adhesive such as polyurethane, whereupon the actual setting takes place when the web is installed.
  • the needling of the three layers means that the particles which are not connected to one another or the mass of the core layer are not only held between the two outer layers, but are also prevented from moving substantially in the plane of the web.
  • the solid particles evenly distributed during the factory production and introduced with a constant layer thickness thus remain in their defined position even without setting or vulcanization. This also applies if openings, such as punched-out areas, slots or the like, are introduced into the non-set or non-vulcanized web transversely to its plane of extent.
  • the grain size of the granulate particles is selected depending on the desired final thickness of the web. According to a preferred embodiment, the grain size is at most 5 mm. However, it is also possible to needle larger granules; then the stitch density, i.e. the number of needle punctures per unit area should be chosen smaller and needling needles of a larger diameter should be used.
  • the granules are made from vulcanized rubber, that is, granulated. It can be processed rubber waste that is obtained from old car tires or the like, for example. On the other hand, a rubber mixture specially produced for the intended use can be vulcanized and granulated. It is possible to add certain desired additives to the masticated rubber mixture. A mixture of waste rubber with properties determined therefrom and separately produced rubber with desired properties can also be used as the core layer. The waste rubber used can also contain reinforcing fibers, such as cord inserts or the like.
  • fillers such as sand particles or the like can also be added to such a core layer, a needled web offering such a mixture a cohesion which, in the case of a known web, is only obtained by solidification, for example by vulcanization.
  • the core layer consists of rubber granulate and / or fillers and foamable elastomers, the foaming of the elastomers also being able to be carried out much later.
  • foamable elastomers can be in granular or spherical form and e.g. rubber or plastic provided with blowing agents.
  • the rubber particles and, if appropriate, the filler particles have been provided with a coating before being introduced between the two outer layers, this coating consisting, according to one embodiment, of a binder which can be activated under heat and / or pressure and which is only after needling the web is activated.
  • this coating consists of one component of a two-component binder, the second component of this binder being introduced into the web in liquid or powder form at the earliest after needling the web, preferably only at the point of use of the web.
  • a web provided with one component of the binder can be rolled out on sports fields, whereupon the second component of the binder is then sprayed or sprinkled on.
  • the coating of the particles consists of a lubricant, so that when the needling needles are inserted, they can slide along the particles more easily and these particles can evade the needles by moving them slightly to the side.
  • this lubricant can evaporate or evaporate, in particular with the addition of heat, but such a lubricant can also cause crosslinking between the individual rubber particles or can slowly penetrate into the granulate without significantly changing its properties.
  • a lubricant can e.g. Being water.
  • the elastic, non-foamed granulate particles can also be coated with a swelling agent, as a result of which the surface of the granulate particles swells more or less deeply.
  • This swelling makes it easier for the needling needles to penetrate the core layer, since the surface of the granulate has not only become softer, but particles that are stuck to the barbs of the needling needles are torn out of the granulate without the latter itself changing its position significantly.
  • This swelling agent is preferably removed again after needling, this e.g. can be carried out under subsequent hot calendering.
  • a granulate that is obtained by granulating needle felt floor coverings can also be regarded as an elastic, non-foamed material that forms the core layer.
  • the so-called edge strips in which there are irregularities due to their edge position, are usually cut off as the last step.
  • areas of the floor covering that fall below a certain quality value of the floor covering and are therefore to be regarded as waste.
  • the elasticity of such a needle felt floor covering which was previously regarded as non-reusable waste, can now be exploited in that these waste strips or surfaces form a granulate with a grain size of e.g.
  • Granulated 2 to 5 mm which is used as a core layer in the inventive method.
  • These granules are preferably in the form of fiber lumps, which are preferably at least partially bonded with a rubber latex binder. If a top layer with coarse, actively needled fibers, e.g. with a fiber titer of 100 dtex, and these coarse fibers with a low basis weight are deposited on the core layer, whereupon these fibers are actively needled, the granules of the core layer between these fibers remain visible. This gives a web which can in turn be used as a carpet, with an optically appealing walking side being obtained, in particular if the granules have different colors.
  • the elastic properties of this sheet essentially correspond to those of the sheets of rubber granules described above.
  • the needled webs containing rubber or carpet granules and optionally fillers can be impregnated or acted upon with a binder, be it at the factory or at the later place of use, this binder being latex, liquid rubber, bitumen, modified polyurethane, a thermoset or even building cement .
  • a binder being latex, liquid rubber, bitumen, modified polyurethane, a thermoset or even building cement .
  • such a web can also be impregnated or acted on with a solvent, with crosslinking being produced between the individual rubber components.
  • the needled web is pressed or calendered, in particular compression-molded or embossed calendered, this being carried out before vulcanizing or at the same time for vulcanizing the web.
  • Vulcanization can be carried out in a known manner, e.g. be carried out under heat and / or pressure.
  • At least the holding fibers connecting the two outer layers are fully integrated into the vulcanizing rubber compound during the vulcanization process.
  • liquid rubber has been applied to a needled web and if this web is vulcanized under pressure, at least the outer layer on the feed side of the liquid rubber is incorporated into the rubber mass, so that this e.g.
  • Fibers or a layer containing tissue is no longer visible on the vulcanized web.
  • the outer layer comprising fibers or e.g. to form the fabric with such a thickness that only these fibers or the fabric are visible there even after the vulcanization process, and the web thus has a textile character.
  • An interesting structure can be achieved if the fiber layer is selected so that after the vulcanization process the fibers remain visible on the outside, the middle layer containing rubber remains recognizable between the fibers.
  • the same also applies to the web into which the textile waste has been incorporated, with an interesting color effect being achieved, in particular, if textile waste of different colors is used and this still shows through after needling.
  • the needled web can also be shaped, in particular wound, after which the web is then vulcanized or set in this form.
  • shrinkable fibers are used as the actively needable fibers under the action of heat and a shrinking process is carried out after the needling of the web, whereby the core layer is further compressed.
  • the webs described above can be used as a carpet. Compared to conventional carpets, mostly from the underlayer with latex or the like. are applied, whereby the fibers are additionally bound for needling, there is now a carpet web in which the additional binding is not applied from the outside, but is introduced as a core layer before the needling.
  • the core layer comprising the elastic material seems more or less through this cover layer.
  • the cover layer can also be made so tight that the core layer containing the elastic material, such as rubber granules or the like, is not visible at all, so that a web according to the invention thus gives the impression of a conventional needle felt floor covering, which, however, can be more elastic than known floor coverings.
  • the e.g. Fibers of the top layer, which is the walking side, lying on the rubber granules represent a sliding surface for the web, which essentially consists of rubber, while the rubber core layer prevents water and dirt particles from penetrating into the web or penetrating the web.
  • a base layer 2 is placed on a conveyor device, here a conveyor belt 1, to which the core layer 4 is applied, metered here by a discharge device 3.
  • a discharge device 3 On this core layer 4 actively needled fibers, here in the form of a fiber fleece 5, are placed, after which this three-layer system is fed to a needle machine 6.
  • Such needle machines 6 are known from textile needle felting technology (see, for example, Krcma, Textile Composites, pages 139 to 141).
  • the system to be needled here the three-layer system
  • the system to be needled is guided over a base plate 7 provided with holes.
  • a needle board 9 carrying the needling needles 8, which continuously moves up and down so far (double arrow 10) that the needle tips 11 in their lowest position have usually completely penetrated the object to be needled while they are in their have no contact with the uppermost position on the object to be needled.
  • the object to be needled in this case the three-layer system, can be shifted clockwise in the feed direction (arrow 12), while it has to stand still during the actual needling.
  • the needling needles 8 have at least one - here two - barbs 13 on their shank, with which they grip individual fibers or tufts of fibers and pull them into the object to be needled, or pull them through it.
  • the needles 8 move back, the entrained fibers loosen or tufts of fibers from the barbs 13 and remain in the passively needled layer, here the base layer 2 and the core layer 4.
  • the needle boards 9 While now in needling in the textile industry, in the production of needle felt carpets, which have a final thickness of e.g. 4-6 mm, the needle boards 9 have a plurality of needles arranged close together and this needle board e.g. can be moved at a speed of 700 strokes per minute, the needling 8 in the needle board now has to be done when needling elastic, non-foamed materials, such as rubber granules, foamable elastomers, masticated rubber skins or carpet granules, to which fillers such as sand particles may have been added 9 enlarged and the number of strokes can be greatly reduced.
  • needling elastic, non-foamed materials such as rubber granules, foamable elastomers, masticated rubber skins or carpet granules, to which fillers such as sand particles may have been added 9 enlarged and the number of strokes can be greatly reduced.
  • a layer containing the aforementioned materials can also be fed to a needle process, the needles sliding along the rubber or filler particles and possibly shifting them slightly sideways. This sliding along and lateral displacement is facilitated if the particles are provided with a coating which facilitates sliding.
  • the needling of the three-layer system reduces the thickness thereof, since on the one hand the layer 5 containing fibers is compressed by the needling, on the other hand this fiber layer 5 and, depending on the design, also the underlay layer 2 in the edge areas of the Core layer due to the elasticity of its material is pulled in or pressed in.
  • the elastic material of the core layer itself is compressed somewhat and remains under a certain tension. Due to the elasticity of these particles, the contact areas between individual particles are enlarged, since the surfaces of the same can yield. Due to this compression, the subsequent vulcanization of the web consisting of individual granules is facilitated even if liquid binders such as latex or liquid rubber are not additionally added.
  • the needled, elastic web is passed between two calender rolls 14 and 15, with which the vulcanization can be carried out, in particular if they are heated.
  • the two calender rolls 14 and 15, pressing the web between them and exerting a pressure of 2-5 bar / cm 2 on them, are pressed towards one another.
  • the elastic web 16 emerging from the calender rolls has a thickness which is not significantly less than the thickness of the web 16 before the calender rolls, since the elastic material expands again after calendering.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a needled web 16 having rubber particles 17 and filler particles 18 in an enlarged and schematic representation, it being evident that the underlayer 2 with the cover layer 5 is needled over the holding fibers 19 which extend through the core layer 4 .
  • an actively needled fiber fleece is used as the underlayer 2 and as the cover layer 5.
  • the web 16 is needled here from both outer sides, which can be seen from the “fiber funnels” 20 that form at the piercing points of the needling needles 8. In these fiber funnels 20, fiber ends and fiber parts of fibers that are not gripped by barbs 13 are also partially drawn.
  • the holding fibers 19 penetrating the web 16 are distributed unevenly over the surface of the web, which is why in practice only very few holding fibers 19 can be seen when cutting through such a web.
  • FIG. 3 now shows a needled, elastic web in which foamable elastomers 21 and filler particles 18 have been needled, whereupon the elastomers have been foamed by activating the blowing agent.
  • the foamed elastomers 21 not only completely fill the spaces between the filler particles 18, but also result in the fibers located in the outer layers 2 and 5 being pressed outwards, which leads to a small surface structure of the web having small curvatures.
  • the foaming process can also be carried out in a double belt press, so that the foaming of the elastomers 21 is opposed by a further, then external resistance.
  • the foamed elastomers 21 are hatched in FIG. 3. Although this looks there, the holding fibers 19 are not passed through the elastomers 21, but they have only been completely enveloped by them during foaming.
  • This molding press e.g. a double belt press, had a flat, closed surface on one press side, as a result of which the lower side of the web in FIG. 4 was given a smooth surface, while the other press side had a flat surface in which a multiplicity of openings were provided at a distance from one another , so that the web was pressed less strongly in the area of these openings than in the adjacent areas.
  • the vulcanized web thereby receives the knobs 22 shown in FIG. 4, which protrude beyond the surface of the web 16. In the area of these knobs 22, the web 16 is somewhat more elastic than in the adjacent areas.
  • such a web 16 has a character that may be textile on both sides. If such a sheet is placed on a particularly smooth and slippery surface, there is a risk that it will slip relative to one. This can now be remedied by cutting off the upper part of a knob 22, as shown in FIG. 4 with the help of the knob on the right, as a result of which the vulcanized rubber layer emerges outwards in this region. If such a web 16 with its cut-off knobs 22 is now placed on a smooth floor in such a way that the protruding knobs come to rest on this floor, i.e. exactly the opposite, as shown in the drawing, the cut-off knobs serve as anti-slip devices.
  • FIG. 5 now shows a needled, elastic web 16 onto which a needle felt web 23 has been needled. Holding fibers 24 removed from the needle felt web 23 were needled into the elastic web 16, as a result of which the two webs are mechanically connected to one another. This needling of the two webs 16 and 23 can be carried out both before vulcanizing the elastic web 16 and after vulcanizing the same.
  • a masticated rubber sheet provided with vulcanizing agents is introduced between the underlay layer and the cover layer, whereupon these three layers are needled together.
  • a path can now be clear, i.e. can be handled without a base or backing layer, without the risk that the rubber skin changes in thickness, tears or tears.
  • the feed then takes place, e.g. in the form of a belt conveyor or from a roll.
  • a further embodiment which can be produced with a plant according to FIG. 1, consists in introducing and needling granules of a grain size of 2-3 mm between the two layers 2 and 5 as the core layer, which is granulated from needle felt floor covering. Such granules are in the form of fiber lumps and some still contain rubber latex.
  • the cover layer 5 is covered by coarse fibers, e.g. Dorix fibers are formed, which are not laid down to cover the core layer.
  • the core layer consisting of needle felt floor covering granules shines through the cover layer.
  • different colored granules e.g. A pattern is obtained from different batches of carpet production.
  • deposits can also be introduced before the Vernadein. It is thus possible not to apply the core layer by means of a discharge device 4, but to provide several of them and to insert cord threads made of synthetic material or also steel threads between these discharge devices of the core layer. These threads can be needled as described above for the fillers.
  • metal platelets can also be introduced as an insert, in which case care must be taken when needling that no needles are pierced in the area of these metal platelets.
  • the threads or the metal plates are previously processed accordingly, so that there is an adhesive effect between the rubber masses and the inserts during vulcanization.
  • Rubber granulate with a grain size of 1 mm and a weight per unit area of 3.7 kg / m 2 was placed on one of the non-woven fabrics as an underlayer, covered with the other non-woven fabric and needled with a stitch density of 24 punctures / cm 2 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for the continuous production of fibre-reinforced webs, in which a core layer of particles is placed between an under-layer and a covering layer which form outer layers, at least one of the outer layers having threads capable of being actively needled, whereby the three layers are needled together, characterised in that the core layer is formed of elastic non-foamed granular particles incapable of being penetrated by the needling needles, and that the retaining threads are applied between the granular particles.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von faserverstärkten Bahnen gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs according to the preamble of claim 1.

Faserverstärkte Bahnen werden aus den verschiedensten, elastischen Materialien hergestellt, wobei neben der Verwendung von Rohmaterialien verstärkt auch Altmaterial zur Anwendung gelangt.Fiber-reinforced webs are made from a wide variety of elastic materials, whereby in addition to the use of raw materials, waste material is increasingly used.

Aus der DE-A 2 162 233 ist es bekannt, granulierte, irreversibel vernetzte Elastomere mit einem thermoplastischen Bindemittel zu vermischen, auf eine Temperatur oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Bindemittels, aber unterhalb der Zersetzungstemperatur des Elastomeren zu erhitzen, als Film aus einer Breitschlitzdüse zu extrudieren und zwischen gekühlten Bändern einer Doppelbandpresse auf eine unterhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Bindemittels liegende Temperatur abzukühlen.From DE-A 2 162 233 it is known to mix granulated, irreversibly crosslinked elastomers with a thermoplastic binder, to heat them to a temperature above the melting point of the binder but below the decomposition temperature of the elastomer, to extrude them as a film from a slot die and cool between cooled belts of a double belt press to a temperature below the melting point of the binder.

Aus der DE-B 1 089 954 ist ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Platten und anderen geformten Erzeugnissen bekannt, die aus Gummiabfall und aus Textilfasern aus diesem Gummiabfall, wie Autoreifen od. dgl., hergestellt werden. Dabei werden aus Cordeinlagen gebrauchter Fahrzeugluftreifen durch Zerschneiden, Brechen und Mahlen dieser Reifen gewonnene, imprägnierte Textilfäden mit einer kleinen Menge von kleinstückigem Gummi unter Zusatz von Bindemitteln, wie Natur- oder Kunstharzen oder Klebstoff vermischt und das Gemisch wird dann heiss gepresst.From DE-B 1 089 954 a method for producing plates and other shaped products is known which are made from rubber waste and from textile fibers from this rubber waste, such as car tires or the like. Impregnated textile threads obtained from cord inserts of used pneumatic vehicle tires by cutting, breaking and grinding these tires are mixed with a small amount of small-sized rubber with the addition of binders, such as natural or synthetic resins or adhesive, and the mixture is then hot-pressed.

Aus der DE-B 1 038 266 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von aus Textilfasern, insbesondere Textilabfällen und Bindemittel bestehendem, porösem Werkstoff bekannt, bei dem die Textilfasern in trockenem Zustand zu kleinen Einheiten zusammengeballt und diese Faserballen unter Umwälzung in einer Trommel mit einem flüssigen, tropfenförmig zerteiltem Bindemittel besprüht werden, sodass dieses punktförmig auf der Oberfläche der Fasergutballen haftet, worauf unter weiterer Umwälzung der entstehenden Masse ein Härtemittel aufgesprüht und sodann die Masse geformt, getrocknet und gehärtet wird.DE-B 1 038 266 discloses a process for the production of porous material consisting of textile fibers, in particular textile waste and binders, in which the textile fibers aggregate into small units in the dry state and these fiber bales are circulated in a drum with a liquid, are sprayed into droplet-shaped binder so that it adheres to the surface of the fiber bales in a punctiform manner, whereupon a further hardening of the resulting mass sprays a hardening agent and then the mass is shaped, dried and hardened.

Aus der Kautschukherstellung ist es bekannt, elastische Bahnen dadurch herzustellen, dass eine mastizierte, mit Vulkanisiermitteln versehene Bahn z.B. unter Dampfeinwirkung ausvulkanisiert wird.It is known from rubber production to produce elastic webs in that a masticated web provided with vulcanizing agents e.g. vulcanized under the influence of steam.

All diesen bekannten Verfahren ist gemeinsam, dass die noch nicht verfestigte bzw. noch nicht vulkanisierte Bahn keinen Zusammenhalt über ihre gesamte Fläche aufweist. Aus diesem Grunde muss die elastische Bahn bis zum Aushärten bzw. Ausvulkanisieren durch einen Träger gestützt werden. Werden mehrere solcher noch nicht ausgehärteter bzw. noch nicht ausvulkanisierter Bahnen übereinander zwischengelagert, so müssen die einzelnen Bahnlagen zwischen sich Trennschichten, wie z.B. Silikonpapier, aufweisen. Ein freies, nicht unterstütztes Bewegen solcher Bahnen, auch wenn es sich dabei z.B. um ein mastiziertes Kautschukfell handelt, ist nicht möglich.All these known methods have in common that the as yet unconsolidated or not yet vulcanized web has no cohesion over its entire surface. For this reason, the elastic web must be supported by a carrier until it has hardened or vulcanized. If several such not yet hardened or not yet vulcanized webs are stored one above the other, the individual web layers must have separating layers between them, e.g. Have silicone paper. A free, unsupported movement of such tracks, even if it is e.g. is a masticated rubber skin is not possible.

Aus der FR-A 1 455313 (British Nylon Spinners Ltd.) (vgl. AT-A 298392 und US-A 3 506 529) ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem eine dreischichtige Bahn dadurch gebildet wird, dass eine biegsame Schaumstoffschicht zwischen zwei Faservliese gelegt und das auf diese Weise entstandene Gebilde vernadelt wird. Eine solche Schaumstoffschicht kann z.B. eine Polyester-Polyurethanschaumbahn sein. Eine solche hat schon vor dem Einbringen zwischen und dem Vernadeln mit den beiden Faserschichten einen eigenen inneren Zusammenhalt.From FR-A 1 455313 (British Nylon Spinners Ltd.) (cf. AT-A 298392 and US-A 3 506 529) a method is known in which a three-layer web is formed by the fact that a flexible foam layer between two nonwoven fabrics placed and the structure created in this way is needled. Such a foam layer can e.g. be a polyester-polyurethane foam sheet. Such a layer has its own inner cohesion even before it is inserted between and needling with the two fiber layers.

Aus der US-A 2 429 486 (Reinhardt) ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nadelvliesbodenbelages bekannt, bei dem ein etwa 5 mm dicker Film aus einer unter Hitze aufschwellenden und vulkanisierbaren Schaumgummimischung von unten zwischen zwei Kalanderwalzen auf und in ein Gewebe gebracht wird. Daraufhin wird von oben auf das Gewebe ein Faservlies abgelegt und die dreischichtige Bahn von der Faservlies-Seite her so vernadelt, dass einzelne Fasern als Haltefasern sich aus dem Faservlies durch das Gewebe und durch die Schaumstoffschicht hindurch erstrecken. Die vernadelte Bahn wird daraufhin einer Heizeinrichtung zugeführt, in der die Schaumstoffschicht nicht nur aufgeschäumt, sondern auch vulkanisiert wird. Auch hier wird eine geschlossene Bahn aus elastischem Material benutzt, welches darüberhinaus als Aussenschicht vorliegt.From US-A 2 429 486 (Reinhardt) a method for producing a needle-punched non-woven floor covering is known, in which an approximately 5 mm thick film made of a swelling and vulcanizable foam rubber mixture that is heat-swellable is applied from below between two calender rolls and into a fabric. A nonwoven is then placed on the fabric from above and the three-layer web is needled from the nonwoven side in such a way that individual fibers as holding fibers extend from the nonwoven fabric through the fabric and through the foam layer. The needled web is then fed to a heating device in which the foam layer is not only foamed but also vulcanized. Here too, a closed sheet of elastic material is used, which is also present as an outer layer.

Aus der DE-A 2 855 059 ist ein gattungsgemässes Verfahren bekannt. Dort wird ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von faserverstärkten Bahnen beschrieben, bei dem eine Kernschicht aus Partikeln zwischen eine Unterlagsschicht und eine Deckschicht als Aussenschichten gebracht wird, wobei mindestens eine der beiden Aussenschichten aus aktiv nadelfähigen Fasern besteht. Diese drei Schichten werden miteinander vernadelt.A generic method is known from DE-A 2 855 059. There, a process for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs is described, in which a core layer of particles is placed between an underlay layer and a cover layer as outer layers, at least one of the two outer layers consisting of actively needled fibers. These three layers are needled together.

Als Material für die Kernschicht werden dort feinkörnige oder faserige feste Wirkstoffpartikel verwendet, wobei es sich unter anderem um zerkleinerte Leder-, Torf-, Baumrinden- oder Kunstschaumstoffpartikel handeln kann. All diese Partikel können von den Vernadelungsnadeln beim Vernadeln der drei Schichten sehr leicht durchstochen werden, teilweise brechen diese Partikel beim Vernadeln auseinander, d.h., grössere Partikel werden in zwei oder mehrere kleinere Partikel aufgeteilt. Dadurch ist aber die Partikelgrösse in der vernadelten Kernschicht nicht vorbestimmbar.Fine-grained or fibrous solid active substance particles are used as the material for the core layer, which may include comminuted leather, peat, tree bark or synthetic foam particles. All of these particles can be easily pierced by the needling needles when needling the three layers, some of these particles break apart when needling, i.e. larger particles are divided into two or more smaller particles. As a result, however, the particle size in the needled core layer cannot be predetermined.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemässes Verfahren zu schaffen, durch das auch Granulat aus einem elastischen, unausgeschäumten Material, insbesondere Altmaterial, zu einer faserverstärkten Belagsmaterialbahn mit einem eigenen inneren Zusammenhalt verarbeitet werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a generic method by which granules of an elastic, non-foamed material, in particular waste material, can be processed to a fiber-reinforced covering material web with its own internal cohesion.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird das aus der Textiltechnik und der gattungsbildenden DE-A 2 855 059 bekannte Verfahren des Vernadelns herangezogen werden.This object is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. To achieve this object, the needling method known from textile technology and the generic DE-A 2 855 059 will be used.

Während bei den beiden Verfahren gemäss FR-A 1 455 313 und US-A 2 429 486 die aus einem elastischen Material bestehende Einzelbahn von den Vernadelungsnadeln durchstochen wurde und bei dem Verfahren gemäss der DE-A 2 855 059 die einzelnen Partikel durchstechbar sind und gegebenenfalls durchstochen werden und zerbrechen, wird nun die Kernschicht aus elastischen, unausgeschäumten, von den Vernadelungsnadeln nicht durchstechbaren Granulatpartikeln gebildet, wobei die Haltefasern zwischen den Granulatpartikeln eingebracht werden.While in the two processes according to FR-A 1 455 313 and US-A 2 429 486 the single web consisting of an elastic material was pierced by the needling needles and in the process according to DE-A 2 855 059 the individual particles can be pierced and, if necessary are pierced and break, the core layer is now formed from elastic, non-foamed granulate particles which cannot be pierced by the needling needles, the holding fibers being introduced between the granulate particles.

Aufgrund der Elastizität des Granulats und des beim Nadeln hervorgerufenen Innendruckes - beim Vernadeln werden die Schichten zusammengedrückt, wobei diese Verdichtung durch die Haltefasern aufrechterhalten wird - werden die Kontaktflächen zwischen den Granulatpartikeln vergrössert, sodass, da die Granulatpartikel eine mindestens rauhe Oberfläche aufweisen, die Granulatpartikel auch untereinander an einem Verrutschen gehindert werden.Due to the elasticity of the granules and the internal pressure caused by needling - when needling the layers are pressed together, whereby this compression is maintained by the holding fibers - the contact areas between the granulate particles are enlarged, so that since the granulate particles have an at least rough surface, the granulate particles also be prevented from slipping among each other.

Beim sogenannten Vernadeln werden aus einer auf eine andere Schicht aufgelegten, faserhaltigen Schicht mittels mit Widerhaken versehener Nadeln Einzelfasern oder Faserbüschel in die andere Schicht hineingestochen, in der sie beim Zurückziehen der Nadeln steckenbleiben und dadurch die Verbindung der faserhaltigen Schicht mit der anderen Schicht herbeiführen. Voraussetzung zur Durchführung der Technik des Vernadelns ist somit das Vorhandensein einer Schicht aus «aktiv nadelfähigen Stoffen», d.h., einer Schicht, welche aus zur Durchführung des Nadelprozesses heranziehbaren, faserförmigen Gebilden besteht oder derartige Gebilde enthält. Die andere Schicht, in die die aktiv nadelbaren Fasern eingebracht werden, muss mindestens passiv nadelbar sein, d.h., sie muss die in sie eingestochenen Fasern halten können.In so-called needling, single fibers or tufts of fibers are pierced from a layer containing fibers on another layer by means of barbed needles, into which the other layer gets stuck when the needles are withdrawn, thereby connecting the layer containing fibers to the other layer. A prerequisite for performing the needling technique is therefore the presence of a layer of "actively needled substances", i.e. a layer that consists of fibrous structures that can be used to carry out the needle process or contains such structures. The other layer, into which the actively needlable fibers are introduced, must at least be passively needlable, i.e. it must be able to hold the fibers inserted into it.

Eine solche passiv nadelbare Schicht kann selbst aktiv nadelfähig sein, passiv nadelbare Schichten können aber auch bekannterweise durch Gewebe, Gewirke, Spunbonds, Folien aus Kunststoff oder Papier oder dergleichen gebildet sein.Such a passively needle-punched layer can itself be actively needle-punchable, but passively needle-punchable layers can also be known to be formed by woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, spunbonds, foils made of plastic or paper or the like.

Sowohl die Deckschicht, als auch die Unterlagsschicht können auch mehrlagig aufgebaut sein. So kann die Unterlagsschicht aus einer Kunststoffolie und aus einem Faservlies bestehen, wobei z.B. die Folie der Kernschicht zugewandt ist.Both the top layer and the underlayer can also be constructed in multiple layers. For example, the underlayer can consist of a plastic film and a non-woven fabric, e.g. the film faces the core layer.

Es hat sich nun überraschenderweise gezeigt, dass auch elastisches, unausgeschäumtes Granulat-Material z.B. aus vulkanisiertem Gummi, sei es aus Altgummiabfällen oder sei es extra hierfür hergestellt, synthetisch hergestellte, unausgeschäumte Elastomere oder mit oder ohne Bindemittel versehene, aus Nadelfilzbodenbelägen gewonnene Granulate als zwischen zwei aussen liegenden Schichten befindliche Kernschicht zwischen diesen eingenadelt werden kann.It has now surprisingly been found that elastic, non-foamed granulate material, e.g. from vulcanized rubber, whether from waste rubber waste or whether it is specially produced for this purpose, synthetically produced, non-foamed elastomers or granules provided with or without binders and obtained from needle felt floor coverings as a core layer between two outer layers can be needled between them.

Durch das Vernadeln der aus den einzelnen Schichten bestehenden, noch nicht abgebundenen bzw. noch nicht vulkanisierten Bahnen können sehr schnell eine Vielzahl von Haltefasern in relativ grosser Dichte in diese Bahnen eingebracht werden, wodurch die drei Schichten untereinander gehalten werden und die in der Kernschicht vorhandenen, elastischen Materialien, sowie diesen gegebenenfalls beigemischten Füllstoffe, wie Sandpartikel oder dergleichen, am Eintreten in die bzw. am Durchdringen der Aussenschichten gehindert werden.By needling the webs, which have not yet set or not yet vulcanized, and which consist of the individual layers, a large number of holding fibers can be introduced into these webs in a relatively high density very quickly, as a result of which the three layers are held one below the other and the existing ones in the core layer. elastic materials, as well as fillers such as these, such as sand particles or the like, are prevented from entering or penetrating the outer layers.

Die so gebildete faserverstärkte, elastische Bahn hat einen eigenen inneren Zusammenhalt und kann nun auch ohne Trag- und/oder Stützfläche - freischwebend - gehandhabt werden.The fiber-reinforced, elastic web formed in this way has its own internal cohesion and can now also be handled without a support and / or support surface - floating.

Eine solche Bahn kann als elastischer Boden für Sport- und Spielplätze verwendet werden, wobei diese nicht abgebundene bzw. nicht ausvulkanisierte Bahn auf den abzudeckenden Boden aufgebracht wird, der zuvor z.B. mit einer Klebeschicht versehen wurde, um der Bahn eine Haftung gegenüber dem Untergrund zu vermitteln. Diese an dem Boden haftende Bahn wird z.B. daraufhin mit einem flüssigen Bindemittel, z.B. einem Zweikomponentenkleber wie Polyurethan, getränkt, worauf das eigentliche Abbinden im eingebauten Zustand der Bahn erfolgt.Such a sheet can be used as an elastic floor for sports and playgrounds, this non-set or non-vulcanized sheet being applied to the floor to be covered, which previously was e.g. has been provided with an adhesive layer to give the web adhesion to the surface. This web adhering to the ground is e.g. then with a liquid binder, e.g. impregnated with a two-component adhesive such as polyurethane, whereupon the actual setting takes place when the web is installed.

Als aktiv nadelfähige Fasern können herkömmliche Synthesefasern aus Polyester, Polyamid, Polypropylen oder dergleichen oder natürliche Fasern, wie Baumwolle oder dergleichen verwendet werden, die Auswahl ist hier auch in Bezug auf die zu vernadelnde Kernschicht und auf die später erwünschten Eigenschaften der Bahn zu wählen. Die zweite Aussenschicht, die, wie oben dargelegt, mindestens passiv vernadelbar sein muss, kann aus denselben Fasern bestehen, es können aber auch die obengenannten Bahnen verwendet werden.Conventional synthetic fibers made of polyester, polyamide, polypropylene or the like or natural fibers such as cotton or the like can be used as actively needled fibers. The choice here also has to be made in relation to the core layer to be needled and the properties of the web which are desired later. The second outer layer, which, as explained above, must be at least passively needled, can consist of the same fibers, but the above-mentioned webs can also be used.

Die Vernadelung der drei Schichten bringt es mit sich, dass die nicht miteinander verbundenen Teilchen bzw. die Masse der Kernschicht nicht nur zwischen den beiden Aussenschichten gehalten werden, sondern auch an einem wesentlichen Verschieben in der Erstreckungsebene der Bahn gehindert werden. Die bei der fabrikseitigen Herstellung gleichmässig verteilten und mit einer konstanten Schichtdicke eingebrachten Festteilchen verbleiben somit auch ohne Abbindung bzw. Vulkanisation in ihrer einmal festgelegten Lage. Dies auch dann, wenn in die nicht abgebundene bzw. nicht vulkanisierte Bahn quer zu ihrer Erstreckungsebene Öffnungen, wie Ausstanzungen, Schlitze oder dergleichen eingebracht werden.The needling of the three layers means that the particles which are not connected to one another or the mass of the core layer are not only held between the two outer layers, but are also prevented from moving substantially in the plane of the web. The solid particles evenly distributed during the factory production and introduced with a constant layer thickness thus remain in their defined position even without setting or vulcanization. This also applies if openings, such as punched-out areas, slots or the like, are introduced into the non-set or non-vulcanized web transversely to its plane of extent.

Die Korngrösse der Granulatpartikel wird je nach gewünschter Enddicke der Bahn gewählt. Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt die Korngrösse maximal 5 mm. Es ist aber auch möglich, grösseres Granulat zu vernadeln; dann sollte die Stichdichte, d.h., die Anzahl der Nadeleinstiche pro Flächeneinheit kleiner gewählt werden und es sollten Vernadelungsnadeln eines grösseren Durchmessers zur Anwendung gelangen.The grain size of the granulate particles is selected depending on the desired final thickness of the web. According to a preferred embodiment, the grain size is at most 5 mm. However, it is also possible to needle larger granules; then the stitch density, i.e. the number of needle punctures per unit area should be chosen smaller and needling needles of a larger diameter should be used.

Gemäss einer Ausführungsform wird das Granulat aus ausvulkanisiertem Gummi hergestellt, d.h., granuliert. Es kann sich dabei um aufgearbeitete Gummiabfälle handeln, die z.B. aus alten Autoreifen od. dgl. gewonnen werden. Andererseits kann auch eine speziell für den vorgesehenen Verwendungszweck hergestellte Gummimischung ausvulkanisiert und granuliert werden. Dabei ist es möglich, der mastizierten Kautschukmischung bestimmte, gewünschte Zusatzstoffe beizumischen. Es kann auch eine Mischung aus Abfall-Gummi mit daraus festgelegten Eigenschaften und gesondert hergestelltem Gummi mit gewünschten Eigenschaften als Kernschicht verwendet werden. Das verwendete Abfall-Gummi kann noch Verstärkungsfasern, wie Cordeinlagen od. dgl., enthalten. Vor dem Vernadeln können einer solchen Kernschicht noch Füllstoffe, wie Sandpartikel od. dgl., beigemischt werden, wobei eine vernadelte Bahn einem solchen Gemisch einen Zusammenhalt bietet, der bei einer bekannten Bahn erst durch das Verfestigen, z.B. durch Vulkanisieren, erhalten wird.According to one embodiment, the granules are made from vulcanized rubber, that is, granulated. It can be processed rubber waste that is obtained from old car tires or the like, for example. On the other hand, a rubber mixture specially produced for the intended use can be vulcanized and granulated. It is possible to add certain desired additives to the masticated rubber mixture. A mixture of waste rubber with properties determined therefrom and separately produced rubber with desired properties can also be used as the core layer. The waste rubber used can also contain reinforcing fibers, such as cord inserts or the like. Before needling, fillers such as sand particles or the like can also be added to such a core layer, a needled web offering such a mixture a cohesion which, in the case of a known web, is only obtained by solidification, for example by vulcanization.

Gleiches gilt für den Fall, dass die Kernschicht aus Gummigranulat und/oder Füllstoffen und ausschäumbaren Elastomeren besteht, wobei das Aufschäumen der Elastomere auch noch viel später vorgenommen werden kann. Solche aufschäumbare Elastomere können in Granulat- oder Kugelform vorliegen und z.B. mit Treibmitteln versehener Kautschuk oder Kunststoff sein.The same applies in the event that the core layer consists of rubber granulate and / or fillers and foamable elastomers, the foaming of the elastomers also being able to be carried out much later. Such foamable elastomers can be in granular or spherical form and e.g. rubber or plastic provided with blowing agents.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Gummipartikel und gegebenenfalls die Füllstoffpartikel vor dem Einbringen zwischen die beiden äusseren Schichten mit einem Überzug versehen worden, wobei dieser Überzug gemäss einer Ausführungsform aus einem unter Hitze und/oder Druck aktivierbarem Bindemittel besteht, welches erst nach dem Vernadeln der Bahn aktiviert wird.According to a preferred embodiment, the rubber particles and, if appropriate, the filler particles have been provided with a coating before being introduced between the two outer layers, this coating consisting, according to one embodiment, of a binder which can be activated under heat and / or pressure and which is only after needling the web is activated.

Gemäss einer anderen Ausführungsform besteht dieser Überzug aus einer Komponente eines Zwei-Komponenten-Bindemittels, wobei die zweite Komponente dieses Bindemittels frühestens nach dem Vernadeln der Bahn, bevorzugt erst am Verwendungsort der Bahn in flüssiger oder pulverförmiger Form in die Bahn eingebracht wird. So kann eine solche mit der einen Komponente des Bindemittels versehene Bahn auf Sportplätzen ausgerollt werden, worauf dann die zweite Komponente des Bindemittels aufgesprüht oder aufgestreut wird.According to another embodiment, this coating consists of one component of a two-component binder, the second component of this binder being introduced into the web in liquid or powder form at the earliest after needling the web, preferably only at the point of use of the web. Such a web provided with one component of the binder can be rolled out on sports fields, whereupon the second component of the binder is then sprayed or sprinkled on.

Gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform besteht der Überzug der Partikel aus einem Gleitmittel, wodurch beim Einstechen der Vernadelungsnadeln diese an den Partikeln leichter entlanggleiten können und diese Partikel den Nadeln durch geringfügiges seitliches Verschieben ausweichen können. Nach dem Vernadeln kann dieses Gleitmittel, insbesondere unter Wärmezufuhr, verdunsten oder verdampfen, ein solches Gleitmittel kann aber auch eine Vernetzung zwischen den einzelnen Gummipartikeln bewirken oder auch langsam in das Granulat einziehen, ohne dessen Eigenschaften wesentlich zu verändern. Ein solches Gleitmittel kann z.B. Wassersein.According to a further embodiment, the coating of the particles consists of a lubricant, so that when the needling needles are inserted, they can slide along the particles more easily and these particles can evade the needles by moving them slightly to the side. After needling, this lubricant can evaporate or evaporate, in particular with the addition of heat, but such a lubricant can also cause crosslinking between the individual rubber particles or can slowly penetrate into the granulate without significantly changing its properties. Such a lubricant can e.g. Being water.

Die elastischen, nicht ausgeschäumten Granulatpartikel können auch mit einem Quellmittel überzogen werden, wodurch die Oberfläche der Granulatpartikel mehr oder weniger tief aufquillt. Dieses Aufquellen erleichtert den Vernadelungsnadeln das Durchdringen der Kernschicht, da die Oberfläche des Granulates nicht nur weicher geworden ist, sondern gegebenenfalls an den Widerhaken der Vernadelungsnadeln hängengebliebene Teilchen aus dem Granulat herausgerissen werden, ohne dass dieses selbst wesentlich seine Lage verändert. Bevorzugt wird dieses Quellmittel nach dem Vernadeln wieder entfernt, wobei dies z.B. unter nachfolgendem Heisskalandern durchführbar ist.The elastic, non-foamed granulate particles can also be coated with a swelling agent, as a result of which the surface of the granulate particles swells more or less deeply. This swelling makes it easier for the needling needles to penetrate the core layer, since the surface of the granulate has not only become softer, but particles that are stuck to the barbs of the needling needles are torn out of the granulate without the latter itself changing its position significantly. This swelling agent is preferably removed again after needling, this e.g. can be carried out under subsequent hot calendering.

Als elastisches, ungeschäumtes, die Kernschicht bildendes Material ist auch ein Granulat anzusehen, das durch Granulieren von Nadelfilzbodenbelägen gewonnen wird. Bei der Herstellung von Nadelfilzbodenbelägen werden in der Regel als letzter Arbeitsschritt die sogenannten Randstreifen, in denen aufgrund ihrer Randlage Unregelmässigkeiten vorliegen, abgeschnitten. Auch am Anfang und am Ende einer Charge sind bei dem Bodenbelag Flächen vorhanden, die einen bestimmten Qualitätswert des Bodenbelages unterschreiten und deshalb als Abfall anzusehen sind. Die Elastizität eines solchen Nadelfilzbodenbelages, der bisher als nicht wiederverwendbarer Abfall betrachtet wurde, kann nun dadurch ausgenutzt werden, dass diese Abfallstreifen oder -flächen zu einem Granulat mit einer Korngrösse von z.B. 2 bis 5 mm granuliert werden, das als Kernschicht bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren eingesetzt wird. Dieses Granulat liegt dabei bevorzugt in Form von Faserklümpchen vor, die vorzugsweise mindestens zum Teil mit einem Bindemittel aus Gummilatex verbunden sind. Wird nun eine nicht voll deckende Deckschicht mit groben, aktiv nadelfähigen Fasern, z.B. mit einem Fasertiter von 100 dtex, verwendet, und diese groben Fasern mit einem geringen Flächengewicht auf die Kernschicht abgelegt, worauf diese Fasern aktiv vernadelt werden, so bleiben die Granulate der Kernschicht zwischen diesen Fasern sichtbar. Man erhält dadurch eine Bahn, die wiederum als Teppich verwendet werden kann, wobei, insbesondere wenn die Granulate verschiedene Farben aufweisen, eine optisch ansprechende Gehseite erhalten wird. Die elastischen Eigenschaften dieser Bahn entsprechen im wesentlichen denen der zuvor beschriebenen aus Gummigranulaten bestehenden Bahnen.A granulate that is obtained by granulating needle felt floor coverings can also be regarded as an elastic, non-foamed material that forms the core layer. In the production of needle felt floor coverings, the so-called edge strips, in which there are irregularities due to their edge position, are usually cut off as the last step. Also at the beginning and at the end of a batch there are areas of the floor covering that fall below a certain quality value of the floor covering and are therefore to be regarded as waste. The elasticity of such a needle felt floor covering, which was previously regarded as non-reusable waste, can now be exploited in that these waste strips or surfaces form a granulate with a grain size of e.g. Granulated 2 to 5 mm, which is used as a core layer in the inventive method. These granules are preferably in the form of fiber lumps, which are preferably at least partially bonded with a rubber latex binder. If a top layer with coarse, actively needled fibers, e.g. with a fiber titer of 100 dtex, and these coarse fibers with a low basis weight are deposited on the core layer, whereupon these fibers are actively needled, the granules of the core layer between these fibers remain visible. This gives a web which can in turn be used as a carpet, with an optically appealing walking side being obtained, in particular if the granules have different colors. The elastic properties of this sheet essentially correspond to those of the sheets of rubber granules described above.

Insbesondere die vernadelten, Gummi- oder Teppichbodengranulate und gegebenenfalls Füllstoffe enthaltenden Bahnen können, sei es fabrikseitig oder am späteren Verwendungsort, mit einem Bindemittel getränkt oder beaufschlagt werden, wobei dieses Bindemittel Latex, Flüssiggummi, Bitumen, modifiziertes Polyurethan, ein Duroplast oder auch Bauzement sein kann. Eine solche Bahn kann aber auch mit einem Lösungsmittel getränkt oder beaufschlagt werden, wobei zwischen den einzelnen Kautschukbestandteilen eine Vernetzung hervorgerufen wird.In particular, the needled webs containing rubber or carpet granules and optionally fillers can be impregnated or acted upon with a binder, be it at the factory or at the later place of use, this binder being latex, liquid rubber, bitumen, modified polyurethane, a thermoset or even building cement . However, such a web can also be impregnated or acted on with a solvent, with crosslinking being produced between the individual rubber components.

Gemäss einer Ausführungsform wird die vernadelte Bahn gepresst oder kalandert, insbesondere formgepresst bzw. prägekalandert, wobei dies vor dem Vulkanisieren oder gleichzeitig zum Vulkanisieren der Bahn durchgeführt wird. Das Vulkanisieren kann in bekannter Art und Weise, z.B. unter Hitze und/oder Druck durchgeführt werden. Mindestens die die beiden Aussenschichten verbindenden Haltefasern werden beim Vulkanisationsprozess in die vulkanisierende Kautschukmasse voll eingebunden. Ist z.B. auf eine vernadelte Bahn Flüssiggummi aufgegeben worden und wird diese Bahn unter Druck vulkanisiert, so wird mindestens die auf der Aufgabeseite des Flüssiggummis liegende äussere Schicht mit in die Gummimasse eingebunden, sodass diese z.B. Fasern oder ein Gewebe enthaltende Schicht bei der ausvulkanisierten Bahn nicht mehr sichtbar ist. Andererseits ist es auch möglich, die Fasern aufweisende äussere Schicht oder z.B. das Gewebe mit einer solchen Stärke auszubilden, dass dort auch nach dem Vulkanisationsprozess nur diese Fasern bzw. das Gewebe sichtbar sind, die Bahn somit einen textilen Charakter aufweist. Eine interessante Struktur lässt sich erzielen, wenn die Faserschicht so gewählt wird, dass nach dem Vulkanisationsprozess zwar die Fasern aussen sichtbar bleiben, die mittlere, Gummi enthaltende Schicht aber zwischen den Fasern erkennbar bleibt. Analoges gilt auch für die Bahn, in die die Textilabfälle eingearbeitet wurden, wobei man insbesondere dann, wenn man verschiedenfarbige Textilabfälle benutzt und diese nach dem Vernadeln noch durchscheinen, eine interessante farbliche Wirkung erreicht.According to one embodiment, the needled web is pressed or calendered, in particular compression-molded or embossed calendered, this being carried out before vulcanizing or at the same time for vulcanizing the web. Vulcanization can be carried out in a known manner, e.g. be carried out under heat and / or pressure. At least the holding fibers connecting the two outer layers are fully integrated into the vulcanizing rubber compound during the vulcanization process. Is e.g. liquid rubber has been applied to a needled web and if this web is vulcanized under pressure, at least the outer layer on the feed side of the liquid rubber is incorporated into the rubber mass, so that this e.g. Fibers or a layer containing tissue is no longer visible on the vulcanized web. On the other hand, it is also possible to use the outer layer comprising fibers or e.g. to form the fabric with such a thickness that only these fibers or the fabric are visible there even after the vulcanization process, and the web thus has a textile character. An interesting structure can be achieved if the fiber layer is selected so that after the vulcanization process the fibers remain visible on the outside, the middle layer containing rubber remains recognizable between the fibers. The same also applies to the web into which the textile waste has been incorporated, with an interesting color effect being achieved, in particular, if textile waste of different colors is used and this still shows through after needling.

Neben dem obenangeführten Pressen oder Kalandern kann die vernadelte Bahn auch geformt, insbesondere gewickelt werden, worauf die Bahn dann in dieser Form vulkanisiert wird bzw. abbindet.In addition to the pressing or calendering mentioned above, the needled web can also be shaped, in particular wound, after which the web is then vulcanized or set in this form.

Gemäss einer besonderen Ausführungsform werden als aktiv nadelbare Fasern unter Hitzeeinwirkung schrumpfbare Fasern verwendet und nach dem Vernadeln der Bahn ein Schrumpfprozess durchgeführt, wodurch die Kernschicht weiter verdichtet wird.According to a particular embodiment, shrinkable fibers are used as the actively needable fibers under the action of heat and a shrinking process is carried out after the needling of the web, whereby the core layer is further compressed.

Die zuvor beschriebenen Bahnen können als Teppich verwendet werden. Gegenüber herkömmlichen Teppichen, die meist von der Unterlagsschicht her mit Latex od.dgl. beaufschlagt werden, wodurch die Fasern zusätzlich zum Vernadeln gebunden werden, liegt nun hier eine Teppichbahn vor, bei der die zusätzliche Bindung nicht von aussen aufgebracht wird, sondern als Kernschicht schon vor dem Vernadeln eingebracht ist.The webs described above can be used as a carpet. Compared to conventional carpets, mostly from the underlayer with latex or the like. are applied, whereby the fibers are additionally bound for needling, there is now a carpet web in which the additional binding is not applied from the outside, but is introduced as a core layer before the needling.

Je nachdem, wie dicht die Deckschicht, die in der Regel die aktiv nadelbaren Fasern enthält, aufgelegt wurde, scheint die das elastische Material aufweisende Kernschicht mehr oder weniger durch diese Deckschicht hindurch. Die Deckschicht kann allerdings auch so dicht gemacht werden, dass die das elastische Material, wie Gummigranulat od. dgl. enthaltende Kernschicht überhaupt nicht sichtbar ist, eine erfindungsgemässe Bahn somit den Eindruck eines herkömmlichen Nadelfilzbodenbelages bietet, der jedoch gegenüber bekannten Bodenbelägen elastischer sein kann.Depending on how densely the cover layer, which generally contains the actively needled fibers, has been placed, the core layer comprising the elastic material seems more or less through this cover layer. However, the cover layer can also be made so tight that the core layer containing the elastic material, such as rubber granules or the like, is not visible at all, so that a web according to the invention thus gives the impression of a conventional needle felt floor covering, which, however, can be more elastic than known floor coverings.

Die z.B. auf den Gummigranulaten liegenden Fasern der Deckschicht, die die Gehseite darstellt, stellen eine Gleitfläche für die im wesentlichen aus Gummi bestehende Bahn dar, während die Gummikernschicht verhindert, dass Wasser und Schmutzpartikel in die Bahn eindringen bzw. die Bahn durchdringen können.The e.g. Fibers of the top layer, which is the walking side, lying on the rubber granules represent a sliding surface for the web, which essentially consists of rubber, while the rubber core layer prevents water and dirt particles from penetrating into the web or penetrating the web.

Weitere Ausführungsformen und Vorteile der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben.Further embodiments and advantages of the invention are described below on the basis of exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigt:It shows:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a plant for performing the method.
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung des Schnittes durch eine vernadelte, Gummipartikel und Füllstoffe aufweisende Bahn vor der Vulkanisierung;Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the section through a needled, rubber particles and filler web before vulcanization.
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Schnittes durch eine vernadelte, elastische Bahn, in der aufschäumbare Elastomere aufgeschäumt wurden;3 shows a schematic representation of a section through a needled, elastic web in which foamable elastomers have been foamed;
  • Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines Schnittes durch eine vernadelte und unter Formen vulkanisierte Bahn, undFig. 4 is a schematic representation of a section through a needled and vulcanized under mold web, and
  • Fig. 5 eine vernadelte, elastische Bahn, die mit einer Nadelfilzbahn vernadelt wurde.Fig. 5 shows a needled, elastic web, which was needled with a needle felt web.

Gemäss Fig. 1 wird auf eine Fördereinrichtung, hier ein Förderband 1, eine Unterlagsschicht 2 abgelegt, auf die, hier von einer Austragsvorrichtung 3 dosiert, die Kernschicht 4 aufgetragen wird. Auf diese Kernschicht 4 werden aktiv nadelfähige Fasern, hier in Form eines Faservlieses 5 aufgelegt, worauf dieses Dreischichtensystem einer Nadelmaschine 6 zugeführt wird.According to FIG. 1, a base layer 2 is placed on a conveyor device, here a conveyor belt 1, to which the core layer 4 is applied, metered here by a discharge device 3. On this core layer 4 actively needled fibers, here in the form of a fiber fleece 5, are placed, after which this three-layer system is fed to a needle machine 6.

Solche Nadelmaschinen 6 sind aus der textilen Nadelfilztechnik bekannt (vgl. z.B. Krcma, Textilverbundstoffe, Seite 139 bis 141) Bei einer solchen Nadelmaschine 6 wird das zu vernadelnde System, hier das Dreischichtensystem, über eine mit Bohrungen versehene Grundplatte 7 geführt. Oberhalb des zu vernadelnden Gegenstandes ist ein die Vernadelungsnadeln 8 tragendes Nadelbrett 9 angeordnet, welches sich fortwährend so weit auf und ab bewegt (Doppelpfeil 10), dass die Nadelspitzen 11 in ihrer untersten Stellung den zu vernadelnden Gegenstand gewöhnlich ganz durchdrungen haben, während sie in ihrer obersten Stellung mit dem noch zu vernadelnden Gegenstand keine Berührung aufweisen. In dieser obersten Stellung kann der zu vernadelnde Gegenstand, hier das Dreischichtensystem, in Vorschubrichtung (Pfeil 12) taktweise verschoben werden, während es beim eigentlichen Vernadeln stillstehen muss. Die Vernadelungsnadeln 8 tragen an ihrem Schaft mindestens einen - hier zwei - Widerhaken 13, mit denen sie einzelne Fasern oder Faserbüschel ergreifen und in den zu vernadelnden Gegenstand hineinziehen, bzw. durch diesen hindurchziehen. Beim Zurückfahren der Nadeln 8 lösen sich die mitgenommenen Fasern oder Faserbüschel von den Widerhaken 13 und verbleiben in der passiv vernadelten Schicht, hier der Unterlagsschicht 2 und der Kernschicht 4.Such needle machines 6 are known from textile needle felting technology (see, for example, Krcma, Textile Composites, pages 139 to 141). With such a needle machine 6, the system to be needled, here the three-layer system, is guided over a base plate 7 provided with holes. Above the object to be needled is a needle board 9 carrying the needling needles 8, which continuously moves up and down so far (double arrow 10) that the needle tips 11 in their lowest position have usually completely penetrated the object to be needled while they are in their have no contact with the uppermost position on the object to be needled. In this uppermost position, the object to be needled, in this case the three-layer system, can be shifted clockwise in the feed direction (arrow 12), while it has to stand still during the actual needling. The needling needles 8 have at least one - here two - barbs 13 on their shank, with which they grip individual fibers or tufts of fibers and pull them into the object to be needled, or pull them through it. When the needles 8 move back, the entrained fibers loosen or tufts of fibers from the barbs 13 and remain in the passively needled layer, here the base layer 2 and the core layer 4.

Während nun beim Vernadeln in der Textilindustrie, bei der Herstellung von Nadelfilzteppichen, die eine Enddicke von z.B. 4-6 mm aufweisen, die Nadelbretter 9 eine Vielzahl von dicht beieinander angeordneten Nadeln besitzen und dieses Nadelbrett z.B. mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 700 Hüben pro Minute bewegt werden kann, muss nun beim Vernadeln von elastischen, unausgeschäumten Materialien, wie Gummigranulat, aufschäumbare Elastomere, mastizierten Kautschukfellen oder Teppichbodengranulaten, denen gegebenenfalls noch Füllstoffe wie Sandpartikel beigegeben wurden, die Dichte der Nadeln 8 in dem Nadelbrett 9 vergrössert und die Hubzahl stark verringert werden.While now in needling in the textile industry, in the production of needle felt carpets, which have a final thickness of e.g. 4-6 mm, the needle boards 9 have a plurality of needles arranged close together and this needle board e.g. can be moved at a speed of 700 strokes per minute, the needling 8 in the needle board now has to be done when needling elastic, non-foamed materials, such as rubber granules, foamable elastomers, masticated rubber skins or carpet granules, to which fillers such as sand particles may have been added 9 enlarged and the number of strokes can be greatly reduced.

Sind diese Kriterien erfüllt, so kann auch eine Schicht, die die vorgenannten Materialien enthält, einem Nadelprozess zugeführt werden, wobei die Nadeln an den Gummi- bzw. Füllstoffpartikeln entlang gleiten und diese gegebenenfalls geringfügig seitlich verschieben. Dieses Entlanggleiten und seitliche Verschieben wird erleichtert, wenn die Partikel mit einem ein Gleiten erleichternden Überzug versehen sind.If these criteria are met, a layer containing the aforementioned materials can also be fed to a needle process, the needles sliding along the rubber or filler particles and possibly shifting them slightly sideways. This sliding along and lateral displacement is facilitated if the particles are provided with a coating which facilitates sliding.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, verringert sich beim Vernadeln des Dreischichtensystems die Dicke desselben, da zum einen die Fasern enthaltende Schicht 5 durch das Vernadeln verdichtet wird, zum anderen diese Faserschicht 5 und, je nach Ausbildung, auch die Unterlagsschicht 2 in die Randbereiche der Kernschicht aufgrund der Elastizität deren Materials hineingezogen bzw. hineingedrückt werden. Darüberhinaus wird auch das elastische Material der Kernschicht selbst etwas zusammengepresst und verbleibt unter einer gewissen Spannung. Aufgrund der Elastizität dieser Partikel werden die Kontaktflächen zwischen einzelnen Partikeln vergrössert, da die Oberflächen derselben nachgeben können. Aufgrund dieses Zusammenpressens wird die spätere Vulkanisation der aus einzelnen Körnchen bestehenden Bahn auch dann erleichtert, wenn nicht noch zusätzlich flüssige Bindemittel wie Latex oder Flüssiggummi zugegeben werden.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the needling of the three-layer system reduces the thickness thereof, since on the one hand the layer 5 containing fibers is compressed by the needling, on the other hand this fiber layer 5 and, depending on the design, also the underlay layer 2 in the edge areas of the Core layer due to the elasticity of its material is pulled in or pressed in. In addition, the elastic material of the core layer itself is compressed somewhat and remains under a certain tension. Due to the elasticity of these particles, the contact areas between individual particles are enlarged, since the surfaces of the same can yield. Due to this compression, the subsequent vulcanization of the web consisting of individual granules is facilitated even if liquid binders such as latex or liquid rubber are not additionally added.

Gemäss der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Anlage zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird die vernadelte, elastische Bahn zwischen zwei Kalanderwalzen 14 und 15 hindurchgeführt, mit denen, insbesondere wenn sie beheizt sind, die Vulkanisation vorgenommen werden kann. Die beiden Kalanderwalzen 14 und 15 werden, zwischen sich die Bahn führend und auf diese einen Druck von 2-5 bar/cm2 ausübend, aufeinander zugedrückt.According to the embodiment of the plant shown in FIG. 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention, the needled, elastic web is passed between two calender rolls 14 and 15, with which the vulcanization can be carried out, in particular if they are heated. The two calender rolls 14 and 15, pressing the web between them and exerting a pressure of 2-5 bar / cm 2 on them, are pressed towards one another.

Die aus den Kalanderwalzen austretende elastische Bahn 16 weist eine Dicke auf, die nicht wesentlich kleiner ist, als die Dicke der Bahn 16 vor den Kalanderwalzen, da das elastische Material sich nach dem Kalandern wieder ausdehnt.The elastic web 16 emerging from the calender rolls has a thickness which is not significantly less than the thickness of the web 16 before the calender rolls, since the elastic material expands again after calendering.

Fig. 2 zeigt nun eine vernadelte, Gummipartikel 17 und Füllstoffpartikel 18 aufweisende Bahn 16 in vergrösserter und schematisierter Darstellung, wobei ersichtlich ist, dass die Unterlagsschicht 2 mit der Deckschicht 5 über die Haltefasern 19, die sich durch die Kernschicht 4 hindurch erstrecken, vernadelt ist. In der Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 2 wird als Unterlagsschicht 2 und als Deckschicht 5 ein aktiv vernadelbares Faservlies verwendet. Die Bahn 16 ist hier von beiden Aussenseiten her vernadelt, was durch die «Fasertrichter» 20 ersichtlich ist, die sich an den Einstichstellen der Vernadelungsnadeln 8 ausbilden. In diese Fasertrichter 20 werden auch Faserenden und Faserteile von Fasern, die nicht durch die Widerhaken 13 ergriffen werden, teilweise hineingezogen. Die die Bahn 16 durchdringenden Haltefasern 19 sind über die Fläche der Bahn ungleichmässig verteilt, weshalb bei einem Schnitt durch eine solche Bahn in der Praxis nur sehr wenig Haltefasern 19 zu sehen sind.2 now shows a needled web 16 having rubber particles 17 and filler particles 18 in an enlarged and schematic representation, it being evident that the underlayer 2 with the cover layer 5 is needled over the holding fibers 19 which extend through the core layer 4 . In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, an actively needled fiber fleece is used as the underlayer 2 and as the cover layer 5. The web 16 is needled here from both outer sides, which can be seen from the “fiber funnels” 20 that form at the piercing points of the needling needles 8. In these fiber funnels 20, fiber ends and fiber parts of fibers that are not gripped by barbs 13 are also partially drawn. The holding fibers 19 penetrating the web 16 are distributed unevenly over the surface of the web, which is why in practice only very few holding fibers 19 can be seen when cutting through such a web.

Fig. 3 zeigt nun eine vernadelte, elastische Bahn, in der aufschäumbare Elastomere 21 und Füllstoffpartikel 18 vernadelt wurden, worauf die Elastomere durch Aktivieren des Treibmittels aufgeschäumt wurden. Die aufgeschäumten Elastomere 21 füllen nicht nur die Zwischenräume zwischen den Füllstoffpartikeln 18 voll aus, sondern führen auch dazu, dass die in den aussen liegenden beiden Schichten 2 und 5 befindlichen Fasern nach aussen gedrückt werden, was zu einer kleine Wölbungen aufweisenden Oberflächenstruktur der Bahn führt. Um ein Auseinanderplatzen der Bahn 16 zu verhindern, empfiehlt es sich insbesondere hier die Bahn von beiden Seiten her zu vernadeln, um eine ausreichende mechanische Verbindung zwischen den beiden Aussenschichten aufrecht zu erhalten. Der Schäumvorgang kann allerdings auch in einer Doppelbandpresse vorgenommen werden, so dass dem Schäumen der Elastomere 21 ein weiterer, dann äusserer Widerstand entgegengesetzt wird. In der Fig. 3 sind die aufgeschäumten Elastomere 21 schraffiert gekennzeichnet. Wenngleich dies dort so aussieht, sind die Haltefasern 19 nicht durch die Elastomere 21 hindurchgeführt, sondern sie sind lediglich von diesen beim Aufschäumen vollständig umhüllt worden.3 now shows a needled, elastic web in which foamable elastomers 21 and filler particles 18 have been needled, whereupon the elastomers have been foamed by activating the blowing agent. The foamed elastomers 21 not only completely fill the spaces between the filler particles 18, but also result in the fibers located in the outer layers 2 and 5 being pressed outwards, which leads to a small surface structure of the web having small curvatures. In order to prevent the web 16 from bursting apart, it is particularly advisable here to needle the web from both sides in order to maintain a sufficient mechanical connection between the two outer layers. However, the foaming process can also be carried out in a double belt press, so that the foaming of the elastomers 21 is opposed by a further, then external resistance. The foamed elastomers 21 are hatched in FIG. 3. Although this looks there, the holding fibers 19 are not passed through the elastomers 21, but they have only been completely enveloped by them during foaming.

Für die Herstellung der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Bahn 16 wurden Gummigranulatteilchen und Füllstoffpartikel 18, z.B. Sandkügelchen, zwischen zwei vorvernadelte Faservliesbahnen gebracht, von beiden Seiten her vernadelt und dann in einer Formpresse vulkanisiert. Diese Formpresse z.B. eine Doppelbandpresse, wies auf der einen Pressenseite eine ebene, geschlossene Oberfläche auf, wodurch die in der Fig. 4 untere Seite der Bahn eine glatte Oberfläche erhielt, während die andere Pressenseite eine ebene Oberfläche besass, in der voneinander beabstandet eine Vielzahl von Öffnungen vorgesehen waren, so dass die Bahn im Bereich dieser Öffnungen weniger stark zusammengepresst wurde, als in den daneben liegenden Bereichen. Die ausvulkanisierte Bahn erhält dadurch die in Fig. 4 ersichtlichen Noppen 22, die über die Fläche der Bahn 16 hervorstehen. Im Bereich dieser Noppen 22 ist die Bahn 16 etwas elastischer als in den benachbarten Bereichen.For the manufacture of the web 16 shown in Fig. 4, rubber granule particles and filler particles 18, e.g. Beads of sand, placed between two pre-needled nonwoven webs, needled from both sides and then vulcanized in a molding press. This molding press e.g. a double belt press, had a flat, closed surface on one press side, as a result of which the lower side of the web in FIG. 4 was given a smooth surface, while the other press side had a flat surface in which a multiplicity of openings were provided at a distance from one another , so that the web was pressed less strongly in the area of these openings than in the adjacent areas. The vulcanized web thereby receives the knobs 22 shown in FIG. 4, which protrude beyond the surface of the web 16. In the area of these knobs 22, the web 16 is somewhat more elastic than in the adjacent areas.

Durch die Verwendung von dickeren, vorvernadelten Faservliesbahnen als Deckschicht 5 und/ oder als Unterlagsschicht 2 weist eine solche Bahn 16 einen gegebenenfalls beidseitig textilen Charakter auf. Wird eine solche Bahn auf eine besonders glatte und rutschige Unterlage gelegt, so besteht die Gefahr, dass sie gegenüber einer solchen verrutscht. Hier kann nun dadurch Abhilfe geschaffen werden, dass man den oberen Teil einer Noppe 22, wie in Fig. 4 anhand der rechten Noppe dargestellt ist, abschneidet, wodurch in diesem Bereich die vulkanisierte Gummischicht nach aussen hervortritt. Wird nun eine solche Bahn 16 mit ihren abgeschnittenen Noppen 22 so auf einen glatten Boden gelegt, dass die hervorstehenden Noppen auf diesem Boden zu liegen kommen, d.h., genau umgekehrt, wie in der Zeichnung dargestellt, so dienen die abgeschnittenen Noppen als Rutschsicherung.Through the use of thicker, pre-needled nonwoven webs as cover layer 5 and / or as underlay layer 2, such a web 16 has a character that may be textile on both sides. If such a sheet is placed on a particularly smooth and slippery surface, there is a risk that it will slip relative to one. This can now be remedied by cutting off the upper part of a knob 22, as shown in FIG. 4 with the help of the knob on the right, as a result of which the vulcanized rubber layer emerges outwards in this region. If such a web 16 with its cut-off knobs 22 is now placed on a smooth floor in such a way that the protruding knobs come to rest on this floor, i.e. exactly the opposite, as shown in the drawing, the cut-off knobs serve as anti-slip devices.

Fig. 5 zeigt nun eine vernadelte, elastische Bahn 16, auf die eine Nadelfilzbahn 23 aufgenadelt wurde. Der Nadelfilzbahn 23 entnommene Haltefasern 24 wurden in die elastische Bahn 16 hineingenadelt, wodurch die beiden Bahnen mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind. Dieses Vernadeln der beiden Bahnen 16 und 23 kann sowohl vor dem Vulkanisieren der elastischen Bahn 16, als auch nach dem Vulkanisieren derselben vorgenommen werden.5 now shows a needled, elastic web 16 onto which a needle felt web 23 has been needled. Holding fibers 24 removed from the needle felt web 23 were needled into the elastic web 16, as a result of which the two webs are mechanically connected to one another. This needling of the two webs 16 and 23 can be carried out both before vulcanizing the elastic web 16 and after vulcanizing the same.

Nach einem nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird ein mastifiziertes, mit Vulkanisiermitteln versehenes Kautschukfell zwischen die Unterlagsschicht und die Deckschicht eingebracht, worauf diese drei Schichten miteinander vernadelt werden. Eine solche Bahn kann nun frei, d.h. ohne Trag- oder Trägerschicht gehandhabt werden, ohne dass die Gefahr besteht, dass das Kautschukfell sich in seiner Dicke ändert, einreisst oder zerreisst. Anstelle der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Austragsvorrichtung 3 tritt dann die Zuführung, z.B. in Form eines Bandförderers oder von einer Rolle.According to an exemplary embodiment, not shown, a masticated rubber sheet provided with vulcanizing agents is introduced between the underlay layer and the cover layer, whereupon these three layers are needled together. Such a path can now be clear, i.e. can be handled without a base or backing layer, without the risk that the rubber skin changes in thickness, tears or tears. Instead of the discharge device 3 shown in Fig. 1, the feed then takes place, e.g. in the form of a belt conveyor or from a roll.

Eine weitere, nicht gesondert dargestellte, jedoch mit einer Anlage nach Fig. 1 herstellbare Ausführungsform besteht darin, als Kernschicht ein aus Nadelfilzbodenbelag granuliertes Granulat einer Korngrösse von 2-3 mm zwischen die beiden Schichten 2 und 5 einzubringen und zu vernadeln. Solches Granulat liegt in Form von Faserklümpchen vor und enthält zum Teil noch Gummilatex. Die Deckschicht 5 wird durch grobe Fasern, z.B. Dorixfasern, gebildet, die nicht dekkend auf die Kernschicht abgelegt werden. Nach dem Vernadeln scheint die aus Nadelfilzbodenbelag-Granulat bestehende Kernschicht durch die Deckschicht hindurch. Durch Verwenden von verschieden farbigem Granulat, z.B. aus verschiedenen Chargen der Teppichherstellung, wird eine Musterung erzielt. Auch hier ist es möglich, eine solche vernadelte Bahn 16 mit Flüssiggummi zu beaufschlagen, um eine weitere Verfestigung der Granulatteilchen zu erhalten.A further embodiment, not shown separately, but which can be produced with a plant according to FIG. 1, consists in introducing and needling granules of a grain size of 2-3 mm between the two layers 2 and 5 as the core layer, which is granulated from needle felt floor covering. Such granules are in the form of fiber lumps and some still contain rubber latex. The cover layer 5 is covered by coarse fibers, e.g. Dorix fibers are formed, which are not laid down to cover the core layer. After needling, the core layer consisting of needle felt floor covering granules shines through the cover layer. By using different colored granules, e.g. A pattern is obtained from different batches of carpet production. Here, too, it is possible to apply liquid rubber to such a needled web 16 in order to further solidify the granulate particles.

Bei den obenbeschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen können darüber hinaus vor dem Vernadein noch Einlagen eingebracht werden. So ist es möglich, die Kernschicht nicht mittels einer Austragvorrichtung 4 aufzubringen, sondern davon mehrere vorzusehen und zwischen diesen Austragsvorrichtungen der Kernschicht Cordfäden aus synthetischem Material oder auch Stahlfäden einzubringen. Diese Fäden lassen sich wie oben für die Füllstoffe beschrieben mitvernadeln. Als Einlage können aber auch Metallplättchen eingebracht werden, wobei dann beim Vernadeln darauf geachtet werden muss, dass im Bereich dieser Metallplättchen keine Nadeln durchgestochen werden.In the case of the exemplary embodiments described above, deposits can also be introduced before the Vernadein. It is thus possible not to apply the core layer by means of a discharge device 4, but to provide several of them and to insert cord threads made of synthetic material or also steel threads between these discharge devices of the core layer. These threads can be needled as described above for the fillers. However, metal platelets can also be introduced as an insert, in which case care must be taken when needling that no needles are pierced in the area of these metal platelets.

Die Fäden oder die Metallplättchen werden zuvor entsprechend bearbeitet, so dass beim Vulkanisieren eine Haftwirkung zwischen den Kautschukmassen und den Einlagen vorhanden ist.The threads or the metal plates are previously processed accordingly, so that there is an adhesive effect between the rubber masses and the inserts during vulcanization.

Beispiel:Example:

Es wurden zwei identische Faservliese aus Polyesterfasern mit 70% Fasern eines Titers von 6,7 dtex und 30% Fasern eines Titers von 17 dtex mit einem Flächengewicht von 115 g/m2 und einem Bafatexträger mit einem Flächengewicht von 25 g/m2 unter jeweils zweiseitigem Vernadeln mit einer Stichdichte von 24 Einstichen/cm2 hergestellt.There were two identical non-woven fabrics made of polyester fibers with 70% fibers with a titer of 6.7 dtex and 30% fibers with a titer of 17 dtex with a basis weight of 115 g / m 2 and a Bafatex carrier with a basis weight of 25 g / m 2 each double-sided needling with a stitch density of 24 stitches / cm 2 .

Auf das eine Faservlies als Unterlagsschicht wurde Gummigranulat mit einer Korngrösse von 1 mm mit einem Flächengewicht von 3,7 kg/m2 abgelegt, mit dem anderen Faservlies abgedeckt und mit einer Stichdichte von 24 Einstichen/cm2 vernadelt.Rubber granulate with a grain size of 1 mm and a weight per unit area of 3.7 kg / m 2 was placed on one of the non-woven fabrics as an underlayer, covered with the other non-woven fabric and needled with a stitch density of 24 punctures / cm 2 .

Auf die vernadelte Bahn wurde 720 g/m2 eines Gemisches 1:1 von Latex 160 und Wasser aufgetragen und bei 130 °C vier Stunden lang getrocknet.720 g / m 2 of a 1: 1 mixture of latex 160 and water were applied to the needled web and dried at 130 ° C. for four hours.

Man erhielt eine elastische Bahn mit einer Dicke von 4 mm.An elastic sheet with a thickness of 4 mm was obtained.

Claims (25)

1. Process for the continuous production of fibre-reinforced webs, in which a core layer of particles is placed between an under-layer and a covering layer which form outer layers, at least one of the outer layers having threads capable of being actively needled, whereby the three layers are needled together, characterised in that the core layer is formed of elastic non-foamed granular particles incapable of being penetrated by the needling needles, and that the retaining threads are applied between the granular particles.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the layers are needled together by retaining threads originating both from the covering layer and from the under-layer.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the granular material is derived from vulcanised rubber.
4. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the core layer, before needling, has added to it a filler materials such as particles of sand or the like.
5. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the core Iyer comprises granular rubber and/or fillers and foamable non-penetrable elastomers which latter are foamed after the needling process.
6. Process according to claim 5, characterised in that the foamable elastomers are present in granular or ball-shaped form.
7. Process according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that a rubber or plastics provided with a foaming agent is used as the foamable elastomer.
8. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the particles of rubber and, where present, the particles of filler, are provided with a coating before insertion between the two outer layers.
9. Process according to claim 8, characterised in that the particles are coated with a binder which is capable of being activated by the application of heat and/or pressure.
10. Process according to claim 9, characterised in that the binder is activated after needling of the web.
11. Process according to claim 8, characterised in that the coating is of the one component of a two-component binding medium and the second component is applied at the earliest after the needling process.
12. Process according to claim 8, characterised in that the particles are coated with a low-friction medium.
13. Process according to claim 8, characterised in that the particles are acted on by a swelling agent.
14. Process according to claim 13, characterised in that the swelling agent is removed again after the needling process, preferably by hot calendering.
15. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the granular material is obtained by granulating needled felt floor coverings.
16. Process according to claim 15, characterised in that this granular material comprises fibrous lumps which are preferably at least partially bonded together by a binder of rubber latex.
17. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that an open-work covering layer with coarse actively needled threads is employed and these coarse threads are actively needled.
18. Process according to claim 17, characterised in that the coarse threads are deposited on the core layer at such at low density in weight per unit surface area, and needled, that the core layer is visible between these threads.
19. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the needled web is steeped in or acted on by a binding medium.
20. Process according to claim 19, characterised in that, as the binder, latex, liquid rubber, a thermoplastic such as polyethylene, elastomeric bitumens or the like are employed.
21. Process according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the needled web is steeped in, or acted on, by a solvent.
22. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the needled web is pressed or calendered, in particular die-pressed or die-calendered.
23. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the needled web is vulcanised, set or cured in particular by heat and/or pressure.
24. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the needled web is shaped, in particular coiled, and possibly vulcanised or set in this condition.
25. Process according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that, as the fibres capable of being actively needled, fibres which can be heat-shrunk are employed, and that after the needling process the web is passed through a shrinking process.
EP83102367A 1982-03-12 1983-03-10 Process for continuously manufacturing fibre-reinforced fleeces Expired EP0089018B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102367T ATE20254T1 (en) 1982-03-12 1983-03-10 PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF FIBER REINFORCED WEBS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH154182 1982-03-12
CH1541/82 1982-03-12

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EP0089018A1 EP0089018A1 (en) 1983-09-21
EP0089018B1 true EP0089018B1 (en) 1986-06-04

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EP (1) EP0089018B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58167152A (en)
AT (1) ATE20254T1 (en)
AU (1) AU563936B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1241533A (en)
DD (1) DD208638A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3363879D1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ203527A (en)

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DE4122993A1 (en) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-14 Naue Fasertechnik Sealing matting interlayer fibre bond strength enhancement - by needle bonding projecting thermoplastic fibres and tufts resin adhered at outer surfaces for swelling clay layer water and/or oil impermeability

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DE4217441C2 (en) * 1992-05-26 1995-09-21 Tesch Guenter Sheet containing polyvinyl chloride, in particular a floor covering
DE4244250C2 (en) * 1992-12-27 1997-05-22 Guenter Tesch Abrasion-resistant, fiber-reinforced flooring, process for its production and its use
JP2001121655A (en) * 1999-08-18 2001-05-08 Araco Corp Laminated synthetic resin plate and its manufacturing method
DE202010008043U1 (en) * 2010-07-12 2010-11-11 Öl-Jäger Vertriebs Gmbh Oil-adsorbing

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FR1412117A (en) * 1963-10-19 1965-09-24 Lantor Ltd Composite fabric and its manufacturing process
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EP0071209A2 (en) * 1981-07-27 1983-02-09 Günter TESCH Method of producing fibre-reinforced flat bodies containing a hardenable binder

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DE4122993A1 (en) * 1991-07-11 1993-01-14 Naue Fasertechnik Sealing matting interlayer fibre bond strength enhancement - by needle bonding projecting thermoplastic fibres and tufts resin adhered at outer surfaces for swelling clay layer water and/or oil impermeability

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Publication number Publication date
DE3363879D1 (en) 1986-07-10
ATE20254T1 (en) 1986-06-15
AU1219283A (en) 1983-09-15
NZ203527A (en) 1991-02-26
AU563936B2 (en) 1987-07-30
DD208638A5 (en) 1984-04-04
EP0089018A1 (en) 1983-09-21
JPS58167152A (en) 1983-10-03
CA1241533A (en) 1988-09-06

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