DD208638A5 - METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF FIBER-AMPLIFIED TRACKS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Process for the continuous production of fibre-reinforced webs, in which a core layer of particles is placed between an under-layer and a covering layer which form outer layers, at least one of the outer layers having threads capable of being actively needled, whereby the three layers are needled together, characterised in that the core layer is formed of elastic non-foamed granular particles incapable of being penetrated by the needling needles, and that the retaining threads are applied between the granular particles.

Description

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Process for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs,

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

Fiber-reinforced webs are made from a wide variety of elastic materials, and in addition to the use of raw materials, waste material is increasingly being used.

From DE-OS 2,162,233 it is known to mix granulated, irreversibly crosslinked elastomers with a thermoplastic binder to heat to a temperature above the melting point of the binder, but below the decomposition temperature of the elastomer to extrude as a film from a slot die and between cooled strips of a double belt press to cool to a temperature below the melting point of the binder.

From DE-AS 1,089,954 a process for the production of boards or other shaped products from rubber waste and textile fibers from gum waste is known in the case of the used by cored inserts of used pneumatic vehicle tires by cutting, breaking and grinding of these tires, impregnated textile thread with a small amount be mixed with small pieces of rubber with the addition of binders such as natural or synthetic resins or adhesive and then the mixture

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hot pressed.

From DE-AS 1 "038 266 a process for the production of textile fibers, in particular textile waste, and binder existing, porous material is known in which the textile fibers aggregated in a dry state into small units and these fiber bales circulating in a drum with a liquid , dropwise divided binder are sprayed so that it adheres punctiform on the surface of Fasergutballen, whereupon with further circulation of the resulting composition, a hardening agent is sprayed and then the mass is formed, dried and cured ·

From the production of rubber, it is known to produce elastic webs characterized in that a masticated, provided with vulcanizing agent web z. B. is vulcanized under the action of steam ·

All these known methods have in common that the not yet solidified or, not yet vulcanized web has no cohesion over its entire surface · For this reason, the elastic web must be supported by a carrier until curing or vulcanization. If a plurality of such webs, which have not yet been cured or are not yet vulcanized, are stored over one another, the individual web layers must have separating layers therebetween, such as eg silicone paper. A free, unsupported movement of such webs, even though it is a case of a masticated rubber arrow, is not possible ¹

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Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to overcome the aforementioned Mangelο

Presentation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a method for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs, in which the webs in the unbound or not vulcanisierte.Zustand own internal cohesion, in particular a I'a server strengthening, on iron ,

To solve this problem, the needle-punching method known from textile technology is used,

The so-called needling fibrous layer from a placed on another layer stabbed by means of barbed needles individual fibers or Faserbuschel in the other layer in which they get stuck during the retraction of the needles and thereby herbeIfiihren the compound of the fiber-containing layer with the other layer ₀ The prerequisite for carrying out the technique of verna is thus the presence of a layer of "actively needle-able substances", ie a layer which consists of fibrous structures suitable for carrying out the needle process or which contains such structures. into which the actively needleable fibers are introduced, must at least passively be pinable, that is, they must be able to hold the fibers pierced into them,. " _Γ ,

Such a passively needle-able layer may itself be actively needle-penetrable, but passively needle-able layers may also be known to be constituted by woven fabric, knitted fabric, spunbond, plastic or paper foil or the like.

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Both the cover layer and the backing layer can also be constructed in multiple layers. Thus, the backing layer consist of a plastic film and a non-woven fabric, wherein z. B, the film facing the core layer.

It has now surprisingly been found that even elastic, unexpanded material such. As granules of vulcanized rubber, be it from waste rubber or it is specially made for this purpose, synthetically produced, unexpanded elastomers, provided with or without binder, obtained from Nadelfilzbodenbelägen granules or not yet vulcanized, provided with Vulkanisierhilfsmitteln, especially plasticizers rubber file as between two outer layers can be needled between them »

By needling the existing from the individual layers, not yet hardened or not yet vulcanized webs can be very quickly introduced a plurality of holding fibers in relatively high density in these webs, whereby the three layers are held together and present in the core layer, elastic materials, such as these optionally admixed fillers such as sand particles or the like, are prevented from entering or penetrating the outer layers.

The fiber-reinforced, elastic web thus formed has its own inner cohesion and can now be handled without support and / or support surface - free-floating - »

Such a track can be used as an elastic floor for sports and playgrounds, this non-hardened or unvulcanized track being applied to the floor to be covered, which has been previously coated with an adhesive layer.

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was seen to give the railway a liability to the ground. This adhering to the ground web is then with a liquid binder, eg. B. a two-component adhesive such as polyurethane impregnated, where daa actual setting takes place in the installed state of the web «

Active fibers which can be used are conventional synthetic fibers of polyester, polyamide, polypropylene or the like or natural fibers such as cotton or the like, and the choice here also has to be made with regard to the core layer to be needled and the later desired properties of the web. The second outer layer, which, as stated above, at least passively be vernadelbar, may consist of the same fibers, but it can also be the above-mentioned webs are used.

The needle-punching of the three layers means that the unconnected particles or the mass of the core layer are not only held between the two outer layers, but are also prevented from substantially shifting in the plane of extension of the web factory-made evenly distributed and introduced with a constant layer thickness Pestteilchen thus remain without setting or vulcanization in their once-defined position. This is also the case if, in the uncured or unvulcanized web, openings, such as punched holes, slots or the like, are applied transversely to their plane of extent.

According to a preferred embodiment, the core layer consisting of an elastic, unfoamed material consists of a granulate which can not be pierced during needling. The grain size is determined depending on the

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desired final thickness of the web selected, preferably the grain size max, 5 mm. But it is also possible to need larger granules; then the stitch density, i. h, the number of Wadeleinstiche per unit area are chosen smaller and ea needle needles of a larger diameter should be used. The needled holding fibers are then in each case between two or more particles. Due to the elasticity of the granules and the internal pressure caused during the needling, during needling the layers are compressed, this compression being maintained by the holding fibers, the contact surfaces between the granulate particles are enlarged. so that, since the granules have an at least rough surface, the granules are also prevented from slipping one under the other «

According to one embodiment, the granules are made of vulcanized rubber, i. granulated. It may be recycled garbage recovered from, for example, old car tires or the like. On the other hand, a specially prepared for the intended use rubber compound can be vulcanized and granulated. It is possible to mix the masticated rubber composition certain, desired additives. Also, a mixture of waste gum having properties set therefrom and separately prepared gum desired properties may be used as the core layer. The waste gum used may still contain reinforcing fibers such as cords or the like. Before needling, fillers such as sand particles or the like can be added to such a core layer, with a needled web providing cohesion to such a mixture which, in a known web, is first cured by solidification, z, B, by vulcanization

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The same applies to the case that the core layer consists of rubber granules and / or pulp and foamable elastomers, wherein the foaming of the elastomers can be made even much later ₀ Such foamable elastomers may be in granular or spherical form and z. B ₀ rubber or plastic provided with blowing agents *

According to a preferred embodiment, the rubber particles and possibly the filler particles have been provided with a coating between the two outer layers prior to introduction, this coating consisting of a heat-activatable and / or pressure-activatable binder which does not become available until after needling the web is activated _o

According to another embodiment, this coating consists of a component of a two-component binder. wherein the second component of this binder is introduced into the web at the earliest after the needling of the web, preferably at the place of use of the web in liquid or powder form. Thus, such provided with the one component of the binder web can be rolled out in sports fields, whereupon then the second component of the binder is sprayed or sprinkled ·

According to a further embodiment, the coating of de ₍ r particles of a lubricant, whereby the needle needles these easier to slide along the particles and these particles can auusse the needles by slight lateral displacement _e After needling, this lubricant, in particular under heat, evaporate or evaporate, such a lubricant

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but can also cause a cross-linking between the individual rubber particles or slowly move into the granules without significantly altering its properties. Such a lubricant may, for. To be water «

The elastic, non-foamed granules particles can also be coated with a swelling agent, whereby the surface of the granules more or less deeply swells ο This swelling facilitates the needling needle penetration of the core layer, since the surface of the granules not only v / eicher has become, but possibly particles stuck on the barbs of the needling needles are torn out of the granules without this itself significantly changing its position. Preferably, this swelling agent is removed after needling again, this z. B, under subsequent hot calendering is feasible.

The elastic, unfoamed material forming the core layer is also a granulate obtained by granulation of needled felt floor coverings. In the production of needle felt floor coverings, the so-called edge strips, in which irregularities are present due to their peripheral position, are usually cut off as the last work step. Even at the beginning and at the end of a batch surfaces are present in the flooring, which fall below a certain quality value of the floor covering and are therefore to be regarded as waste. The elasticity of such a needle-felt flooring, which has hitherto been regarded as non-reusable waste, can now be exploited by granulating these waste strips or surfaces into granules having a particle size of z, B. 2-5 nm and as the core layer in the method according to the invention

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is set ,. This granulate is preferably in the form of fiber clumps, which are preferably at least partially connected to a rubber latex binder. If now a not completely covering surface layer with coarse, actively needle-able fibers, z. B. with a fiber titer of 100 detex used, and deposited these coarse fibers with a low basis weight on the core layer, after which these fibers are actively needled, the granules of the core layer remain visible between these fibers. This gives a web, which in turn can be used as a carpet, wherein, in particular when the granules have different colors, a visually appealing walking side is obtained. The elastic properties of this web essentially correspond to those of the previously described rubber granulate webs.

While in the above-described needling of rubber granules the needling provides the unbonded particles an inner relationship, when used as elastic, unfoamed, the core layer forming material is a masticated, provided with vulcanizing rubber skin is used, this fiber reinforcement, which already vulcanization provides reinforcement to this rubber hide. Unvulcanized rubber skins are very easily deformable in shape due to their plasticity, especially when they are to be handled without a support surface. This begins with a cross-sectional reduction and leads to tearing of the furs until they are completely torn off. By piercing the needling needles, weakening perforations are created in the rubber skin, but at the same time the reinforcing fibers are mechanically bonded to the rubber skin own stability of such a railway increases. The throws produced by the threads

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Cracks are reclosed due to the plasticity of the rubber coat and the pressure exerted by the two outer layers on the rubber skin. Inabesondere the needled, rubber or carpet floor pellets and optionally fillers containing webs, be it factory or later use, soaked with a binder or applied, this binder may be latex, liquid rubber, bitumen, modified polyurethane, a thermosetting plastic or Bauzement ", Such a web can also be soaked with a solvent or applied, wherein between the individual Kautachukbestandteilen caused a network we de

According to one embodiment, the needled web is pressed or calendered, in particular compression-calendered, prior to vulcanizing or simultaneously vulcanizing the web. The vulcanization can be carried out in a known manner, for example under heat and / or pressure. At least the holding fibers connecting the two outer layers are fully integrated into the vulcanizing rubber composition during the vulcanization process. Is z. B. has been abandoned on a needled sheet of liquid rubber, this web is vulcanized under pressure, so at least the lying on the task side of the liquid rubber outer layer is involved in the rubber mass, so that these z. B. fibers or a fabric-containing layer is no longer visible in the vulcanized web. On the other hand, it is also possible to form the outer layer comprising the fibers or z, B _0, the fabric with such a strength that even there after the vulcanization process only these fibers bzwo this fabric are visible, the web thus has a textile character ₀ It can also be a not fully covering

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Cover layer with coarse, actively needle-able fibers are used, and these coarse fibers are actively needled. An interesting structure can be achieved if the fiber layer is chosen so that after the Vulkaniaationsprozeß Although the fibers remain visible outside, the middle, rubber-containing layer but remains recognizable between the fibers "The same applies to the web, incorporated in the textile waste were, in particular, when you use different colored textile waste and still inenen after needling, reached an interesting color effect

Weaving the above-mentioned pressing or calendering, the needled web can also be formed, in particular wound, after which the web is then vulcanized or set in this form »

According to a particular embodiment, shrinkable fibers are used as actively needle-able fibers under the action of heat. After the needling of the web, a shrinkage process is carried out, whereby the core layer is further compressed.

The previously described webs can be used as a carpet. Compared to conventional carpets, which are usually acted upon by the underlay with her latex or the like, whereby the fibers are additionally bound for needling, now there is a carpet, in which the additional bond is not applied from the outside, but as a core layer before Needling is introduced.

Depending on how close the top layer, which usually contains the actively needleable fibers, has been applied, the

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the elastic material having core layer more or less through this cover layer. However, the cover layer can also be made so dense that the core layer containing the elastic material, such as gum granules or the like is not visible at all, thus providing an impression of a conventional needle felt flooring which, however, can be more elastic than known floor coverings.

The z. B, on top of the rubber granules, of the top layer, which is the walking side, provides a sliding surface for the substantially rubberized web, while the rubber core layer prevents water and dirt particles from penetrating or permeating the web;

Ausführungabeispiel

Further embodiments and advantages of the invention are described below with reference to Ausführungsbeiapielen, It shows:

Pig, 1: a schematic representation of an installation for carrying out the method;

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the section through a needled web having rubber particles and fillers prior to vulcanization;

Pig, 3: a schematic representation of a Schnit'tes were foamed by ^w a needled elastic web, in the foamable elastomers;

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Pig. FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a section through a needled and mold vulcanized web, and FIG

Fig. 5; a needled, elastic web which was needled with a needle felted web.

1, a conveyor belt 1, a backing layer 2 is deposited on a conveyor here, onto which, dosed here by a discharge device 3, the core layer 4 is applied. On this core layer 4 actively needable fibers are placed here in the form of a nonwoven fabric 5, whereupon this three-layer system ein'r needle machine 6 is supplied.

Such needling machines 6 are from the text lien needle felting known (cf. ₀ z. B. Krcma, nonwoven fabrics, page 139 to 141) o In such a needling machine 6, to be needled system, here the three-layer system is guided via a provided with bores base plate 7 · Above the object to be needled, a needle board 9 carrying needling needles 9 is arranged, which continually moves up and down (double arrow 10), so that the needle tips 11 in their lowest position have usually completely penetrated the object to be needled while in their position highest position with the still need to be needled item no contact. In this uppermost position, the object to be needled, in this case the three-layer system, can be displaced intermittently in the feed direction (arrow 12), while it must stand still during actual needling. The needling needles 8 carry on their shaft at least one - here two - barbs 13, with which they seize individual fibers or tufts

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and pull it into or through the object to be needled. When returning the needles 8, the entrained fibers or tufts from the barbs 13 and remain in the passively needled layer, here the backing layer 2 and the core layer 4 ·

While now Yernadeln in the textile industry, in the manufacture of needle felt carpets, which has a final thickness of z. B. 4 - have 6 mm, the Nadelbreitter 9 have a variety of closely spaced needles and this needle board z. B, can be moved at a speed of 700 strokes per minute, must now when needling elastic, unexpanded materials such as rubber granules, foamed elastomers, masticated rubber skins or carpet granules, which may have been added to fillers such as sand particles, the density of the needles 8 enlarged in the needle board 9 and the number of strokes are greatly reduced.

If these criteria are met, then a layer containing the aforementioned materials can be fed to a needle process, with the needles slide along the rubber or * Füllst offpartike along and this move slightly laterally, if necessary. This sliding along and lateral displacement is facilitated when the particles are provided with a slip-facilitating Überzog _o

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the thickness of the same reduces during needling of the three-layer system, since on the one hand the fiber-containing layer 5 is compressed by needling, on the other hand, this fiber layer 5 and, depending on the training, the backing layer 2 in the edge regions of Core layer due to the elasticity of their

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Materials are sucked or pressed into it. In addition, the elastic material of the core layer itself is slightly compressed and remains under a certain tension "Due to the elasticity of these particles, the contact surfaces between individual particles are increased because the surfaces of the same can yield. Due to this compression, the later vulcanization of the single-grain granule web is facilitated even if additional liquid binders such as latex or liquid gum are not added.

According to the embodiment of the system for carrying out the method according to the invention shown in Fig. 1, the needled elastic web is passed between two calender rolls 14 and 15, with which, especially when they are heated, the vulcanization can be made. The two calender rolls 14 and 15, leading the way between them and on this one: exercising, pressed against each other

2 lane leader and on this a pressure of 2-5 bar / cm

The elastic web 16 emerging from the calender rolls has a thickness which is not substantially smaller than the thickness of the web 16 before the calender rolls, since the elastic material expands again after calendering.

Fig. 2 now shows a needled web 16 comprising rubber particles 17 and filler particles 18 in an enlarged and schematic representation, wherein it can be seen that the backing layer 2 with the cover layer 5 extends over the retaining fibers 19 which extend through the core layer 4. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, an actively needle-needleable non-woven fabric is used as the underlay layer 2 and as the cover layer 5. The web 16 is here used from both outer sides.

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needles, which can be seen by the "fiber funnels" 20, which form at the puncture sites of the needle needles 8. Fiber ends and parts of fibers that are not gripped by the barbs are also partially drawn into these passstraps 20. The holding fibers 19 penetrating the web are distributed unevenly over the surface of the web, which is why in practice only a very few holding fibers 19 can be seen in the case of a section through such a web.

Fig. 3 now shows a needled elastic web in which foamable elastomers 21 and filler particles 18 were needled, whereupon the elastomers were foamed by activating the blowing agent. The foamed elastomers not only fully fill the interstices between the filler particles 18, but also cause the fibers in the outer two layers 2 and 5 to be forced outwards, resulting in a small curvature of the web surface. In order to prevent the web 16 from splitting apart, it is particularly advisable here to needle the web from both sides in order to maintain a sufficient mechanical connection between the two outer layers. The foaming process can be done in any case also in a double belt press, so that the foaming of the elastomers 21 another, then external resistance is opposed. In FIG. 3, the foamed elastomers 21 are hatched. Although it looks like that there, the holding fibers 19 are not passed through the elastomers 21, but have been completely enveloped only by them during foaming.

For the production of the web 16 shown in FIG

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Rubber granules and filler particles 18, z, B. Sand beads, placed between two pre-needled nonwoven webs, needle-punched from both sides and then vulcanized in a molding press ₀ This molding press z. B, a double belt press, had a flat, closed surface on one side of the press, giving the lower side of the web in Fig. 4 a smooth surface, while the other press side had a flat surface with a plurality of apertures spaced therefrom were so that the web was less compressed in the region of these openings, as in the adjacent areas, The vulcanized sheet thereby receives the apparent in Fig. 4 nubs 22, which protrude over the surface of the web 16. In the area of these nubs 22, the web 16 is slightly more elastic than in the adjacent areas.

By using thicker, pre-needled nonwoven webs as a cover layer 5 and / or as a backing layer, such a web 16 has an optionally double-sided textile character ", If such a web placed on a particularly smooth and slippery surface, so there is a risk that they are opposite such a slip. Here can now be remedied by cutting the upper part of a knob 22, as shown in Fig. 4 on the basis of the right nub, whereby in this area the vulcanized rubber layer emerges outward, Y / ird now such a track 16 with their cut nubs 22 laid on a smooth floor so that the protruding nubs come to rest on this floor, d. h ₀ , exactly the opposite, as shown in the drawing, the cut nubs serve as anti-slip,

Fig. 5 now shows a needled, elastic sheet 16, on

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the needle felt felt 23 was pinned. The needle felt track 23 removed holding fibers 24 were needled into the elastic sheet 16, whereby the two webs are mechanically interconnected. This needling of the two webs 16 and 23 can be done both prior to vulcanization of the elastic web 16 and after vulcanization thereof.

According to an embodiment, not shown, a masticated, provided with vulcanizing rubber base between the backing layer and the cover layer is introduced, after which these three layers are needled together. Such a web can now be handled freely, ie without a support or carrier layer, without the risk that the rubber skin changes, tears or tears in its thickness. Instead of the one in Pig. 1 discharging device 3 then occurs the supply, for. B. in the form of a belt conveyor or a RoIIe ₀

A Wetterte ', not separately shown, but can be produced with a plant according to Fig. 1 embodiment is to introduce as a core layer granulated granulated granulated needle felt of a grain size of 2 - 3 mm between the two layers 2 and 5 and needled. Such granules are in the form of fiber pellets and some still contain rubber latex. The cover layer 5 is characterized by coarse fibers, for. B. Dorix fibers, formed, which are not placed cover on the core layer. After, needling, the core layer of needle felt flooring granules appears to pass through the top layer. By using different colored granules, eg. B. from different batches of carpet production, a pattern is achieved. Again, it is possible to have one

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Needled rubber 16 to apply needled web 16 to obtain a further solidification of the granules

In the embodiments described above, moreover, inserts can be introduced before needling. Thus, it is possible not to apply the core layer by means of a discharge device 4, but to provide several thereof and to introduce between these AustragsvorrIchtungen the core layer cords of synthetic material or steel threads. These threads can be mitvernadeln as described above for the fillers. As a deposit but also metal plates can be introduced, in which case it must be ensured during needling that no needles are pierced in the area of these metal plates «

The threads or the metal flakes are previously processed accordingly, so that an adhesive effect between the rubber compounds and the deposits is present during vulcanization,

Example:

Two identical (nonwoven fibrous webs comprising 70 % of 6.7 dtex titer fibers and 30 % of 17 dtex titer fibers having a basis weight of 115 g / m and having a basis weight basis were used

ρ of 25 g / m under each two-sided needling with a stitch density of 24 Einstesen / cm produced.

A fibrous nonwoven backing layer was rubber granulate with a particle size of 1 mm with a surface

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weight of 3.7 kg / m, with the other Easervlies.

covered and needled with a stitch density of 24 punctures / cm ο

720 g / m of a 1: 1 mixture of latex 160 and water were applied to the needled web and dried at 130 ^° C. for four hours.

An elastic sheet having a thickness of 4 mm was obtained.

Although the needle punching of the three-layer system has previously been described by needle machines known from text needle felting technology (cf. Krcma, Textilverbundstoffe, VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, 1963, pages 139 to 141), needle punching should also be understood as meaning similar methods. In particular, can be for needling the three-layer system also stitch bonding use, on the Malimo, Maliwatt- or Arachne machines (see Krcma, a _o a, 0., Pages 141-151) are performed.

Claims (8)

8 7 4 9 7 - ²¹ - 24.06.1983 62 107/17 invention claims A process for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced webs, characterized in that an elastic, unexpanded material is brought as a core layer between a backing layer and a cover layer, wherein at least one outer layer consists of actively needle-able fibers, after which the three layers are needled together, 2, method according to item 1, characterized in that the layers are needled by the cover layer and the backing layer removed holding fibers, 3, method according to item 1 or 2, characterized in that is used as elastic, unfagged material for the core layer of the needling needles non-pierceable granules, 4, method according to point 3 _f, characterized in that the holding fibers are introduced between the granular particles » 5, method according to item 3 or 4, characterized in that the granules are obtained from vulcanized rubber » 6, method according to one of the points 3 to 5, characterized in that the iCernschicht before needling fillers such as sand particles or the like admixed Λden, 2.H 8 7 H 9 7 -22- 24.06.1983 62.107 / 17 Method according to one of the items 3 to 6, characterized in that the core layer consists of rubber granulate and / or gauze and foamed-up, latex-translatable elastomers, the latter being foamed after the needling, 8. The method according to item 7, characterized in that the foamable elastomers are in granular or spherical form. 9. The method according to item 7 or 8, characterized in that ala foamable elastomers is a propellant-provided rubber or plastic is used · 1Oo method according to one of the items 4 to 6, characterized in that the rubber particles and possibly the Pullstoffpartikel be provided before introduction between the two outer layers with a coating. 11. The method according to item 10, characterized in that the particles are coated with a activatable under heat and / or pressure binder. 12. The method according to item 11, characterized in that the binder is activated after needling the web « 13. The method according to item 10, characterized in that the coating is the one component of a two-component binder and the second component is introduced after der.Vernadeln earliest. 248749 7 - ²³ ~ 24.06.1983 62 107/17 14 · Method according to item 10, characterized in that the particles are coated with a lubricant. 15o Method according to item 10, characterized in that the particles are subjected to a swelling agent. 16. The method according to item 15, characterized in that the swelling agent after needling, preferably hot calendering, is removed again, Process according to item 3 or 4, characterized in that the granules are obtained by granulation of needled felt floor coverings. 18, method according to item 17, characterized in that said granules consist of Pañerklumps, which are preferably at least partially connected to a rubber latex binder, Method according to item 1 or 2, characterized in that a masticated rubber skin provided with vulcanization aids, in particular plasticizers, is used as the elastic, unexpanded material forming the core layer ₀ 2Oo method according to any one of the preceding points, characterized in that a not fully opaque cover layer with coarse, actively needle-able fibers' is used and these coarse fibers are actively needled _e 248749 7 24.06.1983 62 107/17 21, method according to item 20, characterized in that the coarse fibers are deposited and needled with such a low basis weight on the core layer, that the core layer between these fibers are visible. 22, method according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that the needled web is impregnated or acted upon with a binder, Method according to item 22, characterized in that the binder used is latex, liquid rubber, a thermoplastic, such as polyethylene, elastomeric bitumen or the like » Method according to one of the items 1 to 21, characterized in that the needled web is soaked or charged with a solvent. Method according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that the needled web is pressed or calendered, in particular compression-molded or calendered. 26, Method according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that the needled web, in particular under heat and / or pressure, vulcanized, set or cured, 27, Method according to one of the preceding points j characterized in that the needled web is formed, in particular wound, and optionally vulcanized in this form or sets. 248749 7 -25- 24.06.1983 62 107/17 Method according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that shrinkable fibers are used as active needleable fibers under the action of heat and that after the needling of the web a shrinking process is carried out. For this 2 pages drawings