EP0088969B1 - Reinforced elastomer bearing for heavy structures, especially for bridges - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A reinforced elastomer bearer for supporting heavy components, in particular in bridges, wherein the elastomer material thereof has passing therethrough reinforcing plates which are separated from each other by layers of elastomer and which are shear-resistantly connected thereto by vulcanisation characterised in that inserted in the elastomer (8) of the bearer (5) between two mutually adjacent reinforcing plates (7) is a flat pressurisable capsule press (1) which in per se known manner comprises two sheet members (2) which are welded together at their edges by way of a respective bead (3) having a hinge action and which, with the beads (3), form a cavity which accommodates the pressure fluid and which is variable under the pressure thereof, which capsule press is elastically enclosed in the elastomer (6, 8) of the bearer (5) by vulcanisation.

Description

The invention relates to a reinforced elastomer bearing for supporting heavy components, in particular for bridges, the elastomer material of which is penetrated by reinforcement plates which are separated from one another by elastomer layers and are connected to them in a shear-resistant manner by vulcanization.

Previously known armored elastomer bearings of this type (DE-A-1 658 594), which generally serve to support heavy components, primarily for bridges, consist of a rubber-like elastic material, such as elastomer or natural rubber, which is interspersed with layers of reinforcement plates are connected to each other in a shear-resistant manner by vulcanization with the elastomer. When such a reinforced elastomeric bearing is loaded, each elastomer layer between the reinforcement plates is known to endeavor to swell out between the two adjacent reinforcement plates, but is prevented from doing so thanks to the shear-resistant connection between the reinforcement plates and the elastomer. This creates a state of compressive stress in the elastomer. As reaction forces, tensile forces arise in the reinforcement plates and shear forces in the composite joint between the elastomer and the reinforcement plates. When the bearing is subjected to torsional stress, a similar stress condition occurs. In the event of horizontal relative displacements between the structure and the support bench, the reinforcement plates provide no resistance, so that horizontal movements are absorbed by tilting the bearing.

• a) Unebenheit der Kontaktflächen des Überbaues oder der Auflagerbank, wie Knicke, konkave oder konvexe Ausrundungen, die bei unsachgemäßem Betonieren leicht entstehen,
• b) Unparallelität der beiden Kontaktflächen des Überbaues und der Auflagerbank, die häufig bei Überbauten aus Fertigteilen entstehen,
• c) zu großen Abstand der beiden Kontaktflächen, der durch das Lager nicht ausgefüllt werden kann, wie beispielsweise bei Stützensenkungen an statisch unbestimmten Konstruktionen infolge ungünstiger Bodenverhältnisse.

So that such an elastomeric bearing - like other types of bearing - can take over the bearing pressure of the building and direct it into the supporting bench, it must be in perfect contact with the lower surface of the building and the surface of the supporting bench. In many cases, however, this cannot be guaranteed with elastomer bearings of known construction. Such typical cases arise from

• a) unevenness of the contact surfaces of the superstructure or the support bench, such as kinks, concave or convex fillets, which can easily occur when improperly concreted,
• b) non-parallelism of the two contact surfaces of the superstructure and the support bench, which often arise in the case of superstructures made from prefabricated parts,
• c) Too large a distance between the two contact surfaces, which cannot be filled by the bearing, such as, for example, in the case of lowering of supports on statically indeterminate structures due to unfavorable ground conditions.

The invention has for its object to form an elastomeric bearing of the type mentioned in such a way that such unevenness and in particular a non-parallelism between the building surface and the foundation can be accommodated.

This is achieved with such an elastomer bearing in that, according to the invention, a flat capsule press which can be placed under pressure is embedded in the elastomer of the bearing between two adjacent reinforcement plates and which, in a manner known per se, consists of two sheets welded to one another at their edges via an articulated bead which, together with the beads, form a cavity which receives the pressure medium and is variable under pressure, and elastically surrounds the capsule press in the elastomer of the bearing by vulcanization.

After installing such an elastomer bearing designed according to the invention, liquid, oil or cement mortar is pumped under pressure into the capsule press by means of a hydraulic pump. This causes the capsule press to expand and push the upper and lower halves of the reinforced elastomer bearing apart. By widening its capsule press, the elastomer bearing can adapt to unevenness and non-parallelism of the two contact surfaces, as described above in a) and b), so that the elastomer bearing according to the invention comes into perfect contact with the building.

It is already known (DE-AS 25 27 128) to make pot bearings height-adjustable by inserting a membrane bladder that can be filled with a pressure fluid under the pressure pad of the pot bearing. A support such as an elastomer bearing is already known (DE-OS 3016252), in which the support surface of the relevant component on the bearing body is as full, complete and gap-free as possible by entering a potting compound into the joint gap. Also known is a bearing for bridges or the like. Buildings (DE-OS 1 956 294), which is movable on all sides and consists of a pressure cushion which the movements of the bearing like a cushion pressurized with the aid of a liquid, ie by rolling movements records. There is also already a tilt-resistant reinforced elastomer bearing (CH-PS 439371), which is particularly suitable for twisting, but does not contain a cavity and therefore does not have a lifting effect. The height adjustability is already known for steel roller bearings (DE-PS 1 036 487) and is achieved in a generally known manner by cavities filled with liquid. In addition, pure plain bearings have already been proposed (FR-PS 2 118 057), which have a hollow body, the walls of which slide against one another and into which a lubricant can be injected in order to reduce the frictional resistance; Here, however, the hollow body is not used to lift the structure or to move tion of the elastomer part, but only the sliding process.

Elastic building construction bearings (DE-OS 1658939), tilting bearings for bridges (DE-PS 1160873), bridge bearings (FR-PS 1516939), hydraulic tilting bearings (DE-AS 2918781) as well as slide and deformation bearings (DE-OS 21 54630 ) already known, which are formed, for example, by a capsule press, and in some cases also have pressurizable cavities in order to cope with various movements. a. To enable height adjustments of the warehouse in question. In the elastomer bearing according to the invention, however, the capsule press by vulcanization is an integrated part of the bearing and not only brings about the height adjustability, but also forms a reinforcement similar to the reinforcement plates.

In such conventional capsule presses designed as flat presses, oil or water is usually used as the pressure medium, with the aid of which, by means of a high-pressure pump, the capsule press is pressurized. Here, the two sheets are pressed apart, the bead of which acts as a joint. The effective pressure area, that is the area enclosed by the high points of the beads, presses on the lower surface of the structure to be lifted with such a press. During this process, the sheet metal material deforms plastically in the area of the beads, and the beads are given ring tension, while the sheet in the area enclosed by the beads remains tension-free, since when the beads are deformed, the sheet material at the edge of the effective pressure area is compressed rather than pulled . However, such a capsule press can also be pressed with liquid cement mortar as a pressure medium, the cement mortar hardening and the lifting height achieved with it remaining unchanged. For better adaptation to the contact surface of the building to be lifted or the foundation, the capsule press is usually cemented between two sheets.

In everything, the elastomer bearing according to the invention is a composite body produced by vulcanization, which unites the structural elements of a reinforced elastomer bearing with a capsule press. The steel sheets between the beads of the capsule press, which, as already mentioned, remain without tension during normal use of the capsule press, additionally take on the function of steel reinforcement for the elastomer bearing in the elastomeric bearing according to the invention, by balancing the pressure forces in the elastomer layer absorb the required tensile forces. With this combined use of these two already known elements, namely a reinforced elastomer bearing on the one hand and a capsule press on the other hand, the latter is not rigidly cemented in as usual, but is elastically encased in the elastomer by vulcanization, with horizontal movements of the bearing according to the invention as in previously known reinforced elastomer bearings Inclination can be included. The structure provided here also ensures that the sheets of the capsule press are used in addition to the participation as a reinforcing sheet of the elastomer bearing.

In the case of the elastomer bearing according to the invention, it is also expedient that the elastomer layer between the sheets of the capsule press and the reinforcement plates of the elastomer bearing adjacent to them is kept thinner than the elastomer layer that follows next to the outside. This first relatively thin elastomer layer ensures that the tensile forces introduced into the sheets of the capsule press remain relatively low, since it is known that the tensile forces in the reinforcement plates of an elastomer bearing are proportional to the thickness of the enclosed elastomer layer. Furthermore, the relatively small layer thickness of the first elastomer layer prevents the capsule press from inflating irregularly. In addition, this thin elastomer layer ensures good guidance of the deformation of the capsule press through the first reinforcement plate of the bearing. Finally, it is also advantageous if the reinforcement plates adjacent to the sheets of the capsule press are kept shorter than the reinforcement plates next to the outside and suitably also shorter than the sheets of the capsule press.

A further advantage of the elastomer bearing according to the invention is given when the reinforcement plates next to the sheets of the capsule press protrude outwardly beyond the bead of the capsule press. The structure thus achieved is covered by elastomer to protect against corrosion and mechanical attacks at the edge area and over the outer reinforcement plate.

In addition, it is possible that in addition to the elastomer layer provided between the sheets of the capsule press and the reinforcement plates adjacent to them, and in addition to the elastomer layer next to the outside, further elastomer layers with intermediate reinforcement plates are provided on both sides. As usual, a liquid such as oil or water can be provided as the pressure medium for the capsule press, with which the capsule press contained in the bearing according to the invention is pressurized. However, if a liquid cement mortar is used as the pressure medium for the capsule press, it hardens after it has put the capsule press under pressure, the elastomeric bearing according to the invention then acting like a reinforced elastomeric bearing with an enclosed hard mortar core. By appropriately selecting the pressure when injecting the capsule press, a desired support pressure can be generated in a targeted manner and the course of forces in the construction can thus be controlled favorably. In the case of multiple appearances Lowering or other shifts can be corrected by repeated pumping. In such cases, it is advisable to use oil as the injection liquid.

The shape of the capsule press and thus of the entire elastomer bearing according to the invention can be round, oval or even rectangular.

• Fig. 1 eine Kapselpresse 1, die aus zwei Blechen 2 besteht, die an ihrem Rand über einen gelenkig wirkenden Wulst 3 verschweißt sind und mit ihm einen Hohlraum bilden, der über einen Einlaß 4 das betreffende Druckmittel aufnimmt, vor dem Füllen mit diesem Druckmittel;
• Fig. 1 die Kapselpresse 1 gemäß Fig. 1 nach dem Füllen unter Erreichung einer Hubhöhe x;
• Fig. 2 ein bisher bekanntes bewehrtes Elastomerlager 5 mit einer Elastomerummantelung 6, mehreren Bewehrungsplatten 7 und zwischen diesen befindlichen Elastomerschichten 8;
• Fig. 3 ein bewehrtes Elastomerlager gemäß der Erfindung vor der Füllung seiner Kapselpresse 1, wobei das mit letzterer zusammengefaßte Elastomerlager 5 Bewehrungsplatten 7 aufweist, von denen die den Blechen 2 der Kapselpresse 1 benachbarten Bewehrungsplatten 7' kürzer als die jeweils nach außen nächstfolgende Bewehrungsplatte 7" und auch kürzer als die Bleche 2 der Kapselpresse 1 gehalten sind, und die Elastomerschicht 8' zwischen den Blechen 2 der Kapselpresse 1 und den ihnen benachbarten Bewehrungsplatten 7' dünner gehalten ist als die nach außen nächstfolgende Elastomerschicht 8";
• Fig. 3a das Elastomerlager gemäß Fig. 3 nach Füllung;
• Fig. 3b das Elastomerlager gemäß Fig. 3a bei Schrägstellung nach Füllung mit Zementmörtel und
• Fig. 3c das Elastomerlager gemäß Fig. 3a bei Unparallelität der anschließenden Bauwerksflächen nach einer Füllung mit Öl.

In the drawing, a bearing according to the invention and its constituent components are illustrated schematically in, for example, selected embodiments. It shows

• Fig. 1 is a capsule press 1, which consists of two sheets 2, which are welded at their edge via an articulated bead 3 and form with it a cavity which receives the pressure medium in question via an inlet 4, before filling with this pressure medium;
• 1 shows the capsule press 1 according to FIG. 1 after filling to achieve a lifting height x;
• 2 shows a previously known reinforced elastomer bearing 5 with an elastomer coating 6, a plurality of reinforcement plates 7 and elastomer layers 8 located between them.
• 3 shows a reinforced elastomer bearing according to the invention prior to the filling of its capsule press 1, the elastomer bearing 5 combined with the latter having reinforcement plates 7, of which the reinforcement plates 7 'adjacent to the sheets 2 of the capsule press 1' are shorter than the reinforcement plate 7 'next to the outside. and are also kept shorter than the sheets 2 of the capsule press 1, and the elastomer layer 8 'between the sheets 2 of the capsule press 1 and the reinforcement plates 7' adjacent to them is kept thinner than the elastomer layer 8 "which follows next to the outside;
• 3a shows the elastomer bearing according to FIG. 3 after filling;
• Fig. 3b, the elastomeric bearing according to Fig. 3a when tilted after filling with cement mortar and
• 3c the elastomeric bearing according to FIG. 3a in the case of non-parallelism of the subsequent building surfaces after filling with oil.

Claims (7)

1. A reinforced elastomer bearer for supporting heavy components, in particular in bridges, wherein the elastomer material thereof has passing therethrough reinforcing plates which arr separated from each other by layers of elastomer and which are shear-resistantly connected thereto by vulcanisation characterised in that inserted in the elastomer (8) of the bearer (5) between two mutually adjacent reinforcing plates (7) is a flat pressurisable capsule press (1) which in per se known manner comprises two sheet members (2) which are welded together at their edges by way of a respective bead (3) having a hinge action and which, with the beads (3), form a cavity which accommodates the pressure fluid and which is variable under the pressure thereof, which capsule press is elastically enclosed in the elastomer (6, 8) of the bearer (5) by vulcanisation.

2. A bearer according to claim 1 characterised in that the layer of elastomer (8') between the sheet members (2) of the capsule press (1) and the reinforcing plates (7'), which are adjacent thereto, of the elastomer bearer (5), is thinner than the outwardly next following layer of elastomer (8").

3. A bearer according to claim 2 characterised in that the reinforcing plates (7') adjacent to the sheet members (2) of the capsule press (1) are shorter than the respective outwardly next following reinforcing plates (7") and desirably also shorter than the sheet members (2) of the capsule press (1).

4. A bearer according to claim 2 or claim 3 characterised in that the reinforcing plates (7") which in an outward direction next follow the reinforcing plates (7') that are adjacent to the sheet members (2) of the capsule press (1) project beyond the edge bead (3) of the capsule press (1).

5. A bearer according to one of claims 2 to 4 characterised in that provided beside the layer of elastomer (8') which is provided between the sheet members (2) of the capsule press (1) and the reinforcing plates (7') adjacent to said sheet members, and beside the outwardly next following layer of elastomer (8"), towards both sides, are further layers of elastomer (8) with interposed reinforcing plates (7).

6. A bearer according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that a fluid such as oil or water is provided as the pressure fluid for the capsule press (1).

7. A bearer according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that a fluid cement mortar is provided as the pressure fluid for the capsule press (1 ).

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