Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heating apparatus which allows an appreciable saving of energy in a heating installation.
• the heat is produced by combustion of a fuel-air mixture, previously compressed and injected into a combustion chamber, in the form of vapor, through one or more several sprinklers.
• the combustion temperature generally rises to 1200-1400 ° C in the burner flame, but it is only 500 to 800 ° C, depending on the type of combustion chamber, at the walls of the chamber combustion, where the heat is transferred to a heat transfer fluid which dissipates the heat to the outside of the boiler.
• a boiler In a usual installation, comprising a gas evacuation chimney, a boiler can reach a maximum efficiency of 85%.
• the determination of this yield of 85% takes into account the thermal losses of the apparatus even in the ambient environment (10 to 12%) and the losses in unburnt (3 to 5%), but does not take into account the thermal losses in the fumes. These rise to approximately 300 ° C, that is to say approximately 30% of the temperature produced produced in the combustion chamber.
• the subject of the present invention is a heating appliance which recovers a large part of the heat of the combustion gases which has hitherto been lost.
• the heating device can be, in particular, a boiler for heating the coolant fluid (for example for central heating of a building) and presents, in this case, an original solution to the problem of evacuation of combustion gases by making the use of a chimney unnecessary and in particular allowing easy purification of these combustion gases.
• the apparatus according to the present invention comprises: - a source of hot gases,
• the apparatus according to the invention can be, in particular, a boiler.
• the heat receptors located in the compression and heat transfer chamber are constituted by one or more heat exchangers in which circulates a heat transfer fluid which captures the heat of the hot gases compressed in the compression chamber and discharged towards the outside of the enclosure thereof, for example towards a heating installation.
• the means allowing the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet orifices of the compression and transfer chamber are actuated at predetermined temperatures and / or pressures, for example the closing of the inlet port is controlled when a higher value is reached and the opening of the outlet port is controlled when a lower value is reached .
• the boiler according to the invention can advantageously be equipped with a device for depollution and purification of combustion gases, for example an enclosure containing an aqueous liquid, where purification by absorption is done by bubbling the gas.
• a device for depollution and purification of combustion gases for example an enclosure containing an aqueous liquid, where purification by absorption is done by bubbling the gas.
• the gases thus purified and cooled can then be discharged into the atmosphere.
• the invention also applies to heating installations such as, for example, cooking ovens, in which case the compression and heat transfer chamber constitutes the oven enclosure and the objects to be cooked constitute the heat receiving elements.
• the hot gas sources used by the invention can be of any suitable type and in particular burners for solid, liquid or gaseous fuels.
• the source of hot gases is constituted by an internal combustion engine, in this case this internal combustion engine can drive an electric generator or any other means of using mechanical energy. of the motor.
• Another particular embodiment of the invention provides a device for cleaning the heat exchanger located in the compression and transfer chamber.
• This device driven either manually from the outside or automatically, for example by the variation of the pressure inside of the compression and transfer chamber is, for example, a movable piston forming the upper wall of the compression and heat transport chamber carrying sliding plates parallel to the plates of the heat exchanger.
• This spring is advantageously biased downwards by a spring device or the like.
• the piston When using the device, the piston then rises in the device after compression, enlarging the volume of the compression chamber and the heat transfer. When the consumed gases are released, the piston descends, due to the fact that it is biased downwards by its own weight and by the pressure exerted by the spring device, and by friction cleaning the plates of the heat exchanger and and so on, the cycle of raising and lowering of said piston recommencing at each re-loading and stopping operation.
• FIG. 1 to 5 are schematic elevation views of boilers according to the invention intended for the production of steam or hot water
• FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an oven according to the invention intended for firing bricks.
• identical or analogous elements are designated by the same reference numbers.
• Fig. 1 is a view of a boiler equipped with an external burner and comprising a compressor and a compression and transfer chamber
• Fig. 2 is a detailed view of a boiler intended to collect hot gases from an external source, comprising a compression and transfer chamber and a compressor
• Fig. 3 is a view of a boiler equipped with an external burner, comprising a compression and transfer chamber, a compressor and a depolluting device
• Fig. 4 is a view of a boiler equipped with an external burner, comprising a compression and transfer chamber and a depolluting device?
• Fig. 5 is a view of a boiler comprising an incorporated burner, a compression and transfer chamber and a depolluting device
• Fig. 6 is a view of an oven intended for firing bricks.
• Fig. 1 is a view of a boiler intended to produce steam or hot water. It has an outer casing 1 and is divided into two main parts located one above the other. The lower part is a combustion chamber 2 and the upper part is a compression and heat transfer chamber 3, which contains a coil-shaped heat exchanger 4 in which the heat transfer fluid circulates.
• a current type burner 5 with liquid or gaseous fuel.
• the hot gases produced during combustion in the combustion chamber 2 are transferred and compressed in the compression chamber 3 through an inlet orifice 6 by means of a compressor 7 provided with a non-return valve 8.
• the compression undergone by the hot gases brings these to -a very high temperature which causes the combustion of unburnt still existing in the hot gases.
• the compression of the gases is continued until a certain level of temperature or pressure (for example 1000 or 1200 ° C.) is reached in the compression and heat transfer chamber 3 or 2 or 3 bars of pressure).
• the heat transfer fluid coming from a heating installation for example, enters the exchanger 4 through the inlet 9 and leaves it through the outlet 10, after having passed through the compression and transfer chamber 3 and after having was heated by heat exchange with the hot gases compressed in the chamber 3.
• the temperature, and consequently the pressure which reigns in room 3 gradually decrease and eventually reach a threshold below which the gases can be evacuated towards the outside of the boiler by the outlet orifice 11.
• the opening of the outlet orifice is controlled by a temperature sensor 12 or pressure which.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a boiler intended to collect hot gases from an external source, in contrast to FIG. 1.
• Fig. 2 shows in a more detailed manner the upper envelope of the boiler, in particular the envelope of the compression and heat transfer chamber 3.
• This envelope consists of an internal bell 14 covered by an external bell 15.
• the heat transfer fluid coming from the heating installation is introduced through the mouth 16 into the space 17 between the two bells 14 and 15 and thus receives the heat which diffuses through the internal bell 14.
• the fluid thus heated leaves the space 17 via outlet 18 from where it is introduced into the exchanger 4 of the compression and transfer chamber 3 through inlet 9, where it is brought to a temperature superior.
• the heated fluid is finally discharged, for example to a central heating installation of a building, through the outlet 10 of the exchanger 4.
• a circulator 19 circulates the heat transfer fluid in the circuit of the heating installation.
• the thermal insulation of the compression and transfer chamber 3 is further increased by an outer layer 20 of cellular resin or other thermal insulator.
• Hot gases from an external source are admitted through the intake duct 21.
• the compressor 7 introduces and compresses them into the compression and transfer chamber 3, through the inlet orifice 6 and the non-return valve 8. When a predetermined temperature and pressure are reached, the closing of the inlet orifice 6 is controlled and the admission of hot gases is stopped.
• the opening of the valve 13 of the outlet orifice 11 of the chamber 3 is controlled, the gases are evacuated through the conduit 22 and the boiler is ready for a new compression cycle.
• the boiler shown in FIG. 3 is constituted by the same elements as the boiler of FIG. 2, but is further equipped with a depollution and purification enclosure 23 for absorption by bubbling the gases in an aqueous liquid, provided with baffles 24.
• the gases, at their outlet from the compression and transfer chamber 3 are evacuated to the depollution enclosure tion 23 through the discharge conduit 22.
• the gases are purified by bubbling in an aqueous liquid 25 contained in the pollution control chamber 23 and are then evacuated to the atmosphere by the conduit 26.
• the aqueous liquid contained in the pollution control enclosure 23 can be of any type usually used for this purpose, such as an aqueous solution of a surfactant and which may comprise other additives and in particular basic substances (in which case the CO 2 of the combustion gases will be absorbed).
• the depollution enclosure 23 may be different and may in particular include bubbling plates arranged in series and successively traversed by said combustion gases.
• a boiler according to the invention will have a considerably higher thermal efficiency than a standard type boiler, since the combustion gases, on leaving the pollution control chamber 23, are moreover at a sufficiently low temperature, less than 100 ° C, for example 70 ° C, to be discharged into the atmosphere, at ground level; the use of a chimney is therefore no longer necessary.
• the compression of these hot gases inside the compression and heat transfer chamber 3 brings them to a very high temperature, for example 100 ° C., and causes the combustion of unburnt gases still existing in the gases coming from combustion chamber 2, or from another source of hot gases. Furthermore, as the heat exchange takes place between the compressed hot gases and the heat transfer fluid circulating in the heat exchanger 4, the temperature and the gas pressure decreases. The water vapor coming from the combustion of hydrocarbons and present in the combustion gases, gradually condenses; a mist is thus formed in the compression and heat transfer chamber 3 and water droplets are deposited on the walls of the chamber 3 and the surfaces of the heat exchanger 4. The presence of liquid droplets in suspension in the gases in the compression and heat transfer chamber 3 increases the heat exchanges between the gases and the heat transfer fluid.
• Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate two embodiments of boilers similar to the boiler of FIG. 3 respectively equipped with an external burner 27 for the first, and an incorporated burner 28 for the second.
• the compression of the gases in the compression chamber 3 is accomplished by the source of hot gases itself, that is to say by the burners 26 and 27 respectively and therefore does not require a separate compressor , as for the boiler in fig. 3.
• the injection pressure of the fuel-air mixture will be chosen as a function of the pressure which it is desired to reach in the compression chamber 3.
• the boilers according to the invention reduce the consumption level of more than 30% for liquid fuel boilers and more than 40% for gas boilers.
• the transfer of heat between the combustion gases and the heat transfer fluid being favored by the compression of the gases and the condensation of the water vapor contained in them, it takes place much faster than in boilers currently existing; the burner (or any other gas source may be cut much more often.
• the boiler according to the invention can be controlled by an electric clock regulation for example, which would allow the ignition one hour before the offices are occupied, and the closing of the boiler one hour before the end of the office occupancy.
• the danger of freezing in the heating installation does not exist, since the heat transfer fluid may contain an antifreeze.
• FIGs. 1 to 5 are only schematic representations of boilers according to the invention.
• the boilers represented like all other boilers are part of a heating installation comprising various elements designed in themselves, such as room thermostats which control the boiler remotely, parallel or "by-pass" connections which isolate the boilers from the heating circuit, or circulators which drive the heat transfer fluid, and which have no not shown here, not being the subject of the present invention.
• Fig. 6 shows an example of application of a heating device according to the invention for heating a brick oven.
• the burner 5 injects the hot gases into the compression and transfer chamber 3, which, in this case, is the oven containing the bricks to be cooked 29, through the inlet orifice 6 of the chamber 3, provided with a non-return valve 8.
• temperature and / or pressure sensors 12 adjusted to a predetermined value control the shutdown of the burner 5.
• the cooking then takes place and the temperature and the pressure which reigns in the chamber 3 gradually decrease and eventually reach a threshold below which the gases can be evacuated towards the outside of the furnace by the outlet orifice 11.
• the said sensors 12 then control the opening of the valve 13 of the outlet 11 and the gases are evacuated.
• the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described and shown by way of non-limiting examples, and numerous modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

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ID=25652752

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (1)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1982
  • 1982-09-09 WO PCT/BE1982/000020 patent/WO1983000914A1/en unknown
  • 1982-09-09 EP EP82902807A patent/EP0088112A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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