EP0087733A1 - Distributor unit for heating and/or cooling systems operating by a heat carrier capable of flowing - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Distributor unit for heating and/or cooling installations which operate with a flowable heat exchange medium, for connection of a plurality of flow circuits with like or equivalent distributor elements with lead and return chambers (11, 12) as well as in some cases integrally installed valves and fittings in a control section on transverse distributors (4, 14, 15, 71, 72), the distributor elements being grouped together in a side-by-side arrangement with intermediate spaces between them and distributor elements of other flow circuits, the arrangement resembling a panel and the distributor elements being enclosed by a heat insulation, characterised in that lead and return lines are in each case constructed in a common hollow column as distributor columns (1, 2, 3) which are subdivided by a heat-permeable partition (9) into two chambers (11, 12), each distributor column being enclosed by a heat lagging engaging around the entire outer periphery, and in that the valves, such as check, throttle, regulating and reversing elements (22, 23, 36, 32, 35), delivery pumps (29, 291) and the like are disposed in the interior of the chambers (11, 12), being connected through the heat lagging layer (43, 44) to their positioning devices which are on the outside in relation to the chambers.

Description

Distribution unit for heating and / or cooling systems working with a flowable heat exchange medium for connecting a plurality of branch lines to main flow and return lines, with a plurality of identical or similar distribution elements which are fitted with fittings of a controlled system such as shut-off, throttling, regulating and deflection elements, feed pumps and. Like. Provided, panel-like arrangement in a side-by-side arrangement and surrounded by thermal insulation.

In the case of thermal energy supply systems through which a media flow is conducted, horizontally located distribution blocks made from individual round tubes are generally built to divide this volume flow. Such horizontally located distributor sticks serve the task of dividing media flowing through on the supply and return sides vertically upwards in individual groups. These individual groups, arranged perpendicular to the distributor stick, also consist of round tubes between which pumps, shut-off valves, as well as control, measuring and regulator bodies are installed by means of threaded or flange connections.

The task of these individual supply and return groups is to supply the medium flowing through, regulated and controlled according to the requirements, to the consumer units. In thermal systems such as Central heating systems demand that the heat generated be passed on to the heat consumer as quickly as possible and without losses.

The distributor sticks and the vertical individual groups, e.g. in central heating systems in the boiler room, pipe insulation against heat loss must be provided in accordance with the standard. The valves, pump bodies, regulator bodies, flanges and sleeves are insulated against heat loss almost exclusively in large systems. In smaller thermal systems, this important insulation is mostly dispensed with for all economic reasons and because of the difficult to install total thermal insulation across all fittings.

From the difficulties described above, today heat distribution systems are only insulated on the pipe side, but not - as is now required by law in the Federal Republic of Germany - also on the valve body side.

A very essential heat-conducting intermediate element in the form of heat distribution systems is connected between heat generation and heat dissipation, which in known systems does not meet today's requirements for saving thermal energy. It is also not possible to meet the requirements with conventional materials and structures at the construction site.

• In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland werden zur Zeit 4,8 Millionen ölbefeuerte Anlagen überwacht und auf ihre Abgasverluste überprüft. Nimmt man diese nur kleine Anzahl der in Wirklichkeit betriebenen Zentralheizungsanlagen in Deutschland als Grundlage, so ergibt sich folgendes Bild:
• Auf der Basis einer mittleren Warmwasserheizungsvorlauftemperatur von 50°C, über den ganzen Tag gerechnet, und einer Umgebungstemperatur von 20°C, gibt ein nicht isolierter Ventilkörper mit der Nennweite DN 50 ca. 90 Watt pro Stunde an Wärme ab.

The following figures show the order of magnitude of total heat losses in these systems in central heating systems:

• In the Federal Republic of Germany, 4.8 million oil-fired systems are currently being monitored and checked for their exhaust gas losses. If you take this small number of actually operated central heating systems in Germany as a basis, the following picture emerges:
• On the basis of an average hot water heating flow temperature of 50 ° C, calculated over the whole day, and an ambient temperature of 20 ° C, a non-insulated valve body with a nominal diameter of DN 50 emits approx. 90 watts per hour of heat.

The control group of a medium-sized hot water central heating system includes: 2 flow valves, 2 return valves, 1 control valve, 1 circulation pump, a total of 6 valves for each control group. On average, however, each central heating system has two control groups with 12 valve bodies, which lead to a heat loss of 1080 watts / h (with non-insulated valve bodies).

With 24-hour operation, this results in a heat loss of approx. 26,000 watt hours / day = 26 kWh / day. If you calculate a heating period of approx. 210 heating days, this results in 26 x 210 = approx. 5460 kWh / year, for the 4.8 million z mentioned at the beginning. Central heating systems currently monitored result in a heat loss volume of approx.26.2 million MWh = 26,200 GWh.

From DE-AS 2 014 093 it is known to provide a distributor unit as a square pillar which rises freely in space with individual panel-like limiting parts, the distributor pipes having a rectangular cross section and projecting from above from below annular distributors. However, the installation is again carried out in a conventional manner with fittings arranged exclusively on the outside, as described above leading disadvantages,

Starting from the distributor unit mentioned at the outset, the object of the invention is to further develop this unit in such a way that the flow processes are economically improved and the losses in thermal energy are substantially reduced with simplified and less expensive production.

To achieve this object, the distributor elements of individual flow circuits are combined to form uniform distributor columns with integrated fittings and at least one flow chamber and one return chamber.

Due to the formation of uniform distribution columns for the individual flow circuits, the entire distribution unit can be designed to be extraordinarily compact with a small volume and a correspondingly small outer surface, and therefore to be insulated from the outside as a whole in a simple manner. The heat-emitting surfaces are further reduced by the fact that almost all of the fittings required for the different control and regulating processes are accommodated within the walls of the individual distributor columns, and therefore cannot themselves emit any heat to the outside. It is therefore generally not necessary to pull in any connecting lines between the immediately adjacent column chambers. Since the flow and return chambers directly adjoin each other, only the heat shift necessary anyway in the respective flow circuits occurs by raising the return temperature before it is introduced into the boiler.

The individual distributors can be almost completely completed by the manufacturing company. They are only to be attached to a bracket, with each other and with theirs To connect external connections. In this way, manufacturing on an industrial basis is made extremely easier and cheaper, and yet it can be adapted to a wide variety of requirements. The distribution columns can also be designed so that the flow processes can largely run optimally against low resistances, and the heat transfer volume can be very precisely and economically on the heat generators, consumers and. Vote. Therefore, pumps, regulating and control devices, valves, heat protection and. Dimension particularly economically. As a result of the smaller overall surface, the insulation is simplified overall and the heat losses are reduced.

In the panel version, the entire unit can be precisely aligned by bumping against the ceiling, so that the pipe connections on the distributor unit and on the building can also be assigned to each other exactly at the specified height. So you can lay it before the unit is delivered and installed. Its manufacture is in turn simplified by the compact arrangement regardless of how it is constructed and controlled. The entire unit can easily be provided with a dense, heat-insulating covering and also installed in the building, protected against heat loss.

In principle, thermal insulation can be carried out after the panel has been completed, in principle also at the construction site, but preferably during pre-assembly, and in the last method in particular, it is recommended that the hollow columns be prefabricated, at least on the outer surface of the panel, with a solid wall provided 1Värmedämmlage with openings only for the necessary connection of display and control elements.

The individual distribution columns, which can also be oriented horizontally, can basically be arranged in one piece in a common hollow plate which is divided into individual, adjacent flow channels by numerous partition walls. However, this can result in heat transfers between switched on and switched off circuits. For this reason, the double-chamber hollow columns assigned to each flow circuit are expediently provided at intervals between them and insulated from one another, in particular under thermal insulation layers firmly attached to their side surfaces. In principle, each distributor column can thus be encased circumferentially with an insulating shell, which reduces the heat emission practically in all directions.

At the head or foot ends of the distributor columns, cross distributors for total flow and return are expediently connected, in particular molded on. Such cross distributors can also be prefabricated and, if necessary, connected to corresponding transition openings in the hollow columns with clamp connections, but they can also be formed in one piece. Such a cross distributor can be attached at the front end at the upper end and another at the front end at the lower end, that is to say it can be completely classified into the outline shape of a panel.

The distributor assembly should have at least one main distributor column arranged in its plane along the individual distribution columns for passing through the entire heat transfer medium for all branch lines to be connected. In this way, a presetting or regulation in the entire heating or cooling circuit of the system is possible without this causing significant heat losses or appearing to be disruptive to the outside. Even though the same cross-sections are normally sought for the individual hollow columns and their chambers, it can be done form these chambers within the distribution unit of different widths and thus adapt them to the volume of the flowing media.

A thermostatically controllable feed pump can be installed in each of the distribution columns, in particular the connecting parts for the drive motor mounted on the outside being led through the front insulation. You can activate the individual flow circuits depending on the heat requirement or influence the temperatures of the flowing media.

From the load-bearing wall of the distributor columns, connecting pipe sockets can be led through the insulating sleeve to the outside and preferably surrounded by a molded insulating jacket socket. After the pipe connections have been made, the insulation only needs to be completed at a distance from the hollow column.

Each distribution column can be assigned heat transfer means for transferring heat from a column chamber, through the level of a partition, into the adjacent column chamber. While this usually made separate, mostly exposed line connections necessary, there is only one easy barrier to overcome. In this way, the return temperature can be raised before it is introduced into the boiler, so that the dew point in the heat generator is not exceeded

In the area of action of the feed pump, at least one through-opening can be provided between the two column chambers, in particular in the partition, and this can be assigned adjusting means for setting or regulating the flow through this through-opening.

The passage opening can also be configured as a bypass, in particular channel-shaped, connecting both column chambers with at least one shut-off element, in particular a throttle element.

Flow guide means for guiding the flow in the column chamber / downstream of the passage opening can also be assigned to the passage opening. For example, these guide means, for example lamellae, can have guide elements provided in the downstream column chamber upstream of the passage opening and oriented along the column chamber for largely laminar introduction of the main flow and downstream of the passage opening to the longitudinal direction of the column chamber with differently inclined vortex and / or mixer guide elements. In this way, the two partial flows can be brought together and into each other in the shortest possible way in the desired manner and then mixed thoroughly, so that the possibly under a short distance from the mixing elements and therefore in a matter of seconds. can measure the temperature required for further control processes. In this way, the length of the controlled system or the columns can be shortened.

The or one further passage opening between the two column chambers is preferably assigned a thermostatically controllable mixing valve which automatically adjusts the guide flow according to a sensed temperature and can optionally be controlled electronically.

The mixing valve is expediently designed as a multi-way valve which is connected to at least one column chamber by means of two separate connections. In this way, a four-way valve can be fitted in the passage opening and connected to the upstream and downstream parts of both column chambers.

A separate shut-off device for changing the function can also be assigned to a valve connection as a three-way valve. It is even better to bridge the multi-way valve in a column chamber, in particular the return chamber, by means of a short-circuit connection and to design the shut-off element as a switching element that either blocks the short-circuit connection or the valve connection.

The walls of the four-way valve can be divided into two pillar chambers by means of the connections thereof, the end parts of the two pillar chambers which are provided at a lateral spacing from one another expediently star-shaped. mig start from the four-way valve.

At least one distribution column can also have a heat meter with temperature sensors in both column chambers.

It has proven to be particularly expedient to arrange the heat transfer means in divided longitudinal shafts of both chambers of the distributor column, at least in the main distributor column. At least in the divided longitudinal shaft of one of the two column chambers, the or a feed pump can then be attached, which can be connected to its shaft on the suction or pressure side.

The two longitudinal shafts can also be delimited at one end by a common deflection bend which delimits the opening. It is therefore possible to start a reversing control by switching on the pump, which transfers part of the flow from the flow chamber into the return chamber on a U-shaped loop. At the outlet end of the downstream longitudinal shaft, a mixing device for mixing the shaft flow with the remaining chamber flow should then again be provided, if possible.

A further embodiment of the invention is characterized by the design of the heat transfer means as thermally connecting the two column chambers, in particular an intermediate partition arranged therebetween, which essentially has a fluid-tight passage and has large heat exchanger surfaces in both longitudinal shafts. Such heat transfer means are known per se and do not require any special energy supply in order to improve the heat transfer, but they can be activated by switching on a pump on at least one side, since in this way the heat gradient and thus the heat transfer current is increased. In any case, it is not necessary to divert the heat transfer medium from one chamber to the other, but only to heat it up (or cool it down) through the partition.

It is thus possible to use heat transfer elements which, in the manner of "heat pipes", each have a tubular hollow body which is filled with a flowable, rapidly reacting heat exchanger medium or refrigerant, the condensation temperature of which is somewhat above the temperature of the return chamber. A flow then forms in the upper part opposite to the flow in the lower part of the transverse hollow body, the initially vaporous refrigerant condensing in the return chamber, flowing back into the supply chamber and evaporating there again by heating at the higher temperature. Such devices include known from "Gesundheits Ingenieur, 1976, pp. 164-167" and need no further explanation.

The individual distributor columns can be provided with holding rails to be fastened to a supporting wall, in particular through a thermal insulation layer, which are preferably formed by laterally projecting connecting flanges and then, for example, with such a distance from the cor pus of the distributor column can be angled so that they grip around the edge of a thermal insulation layer and hold it.

The thermal insulation layers of adjacent distribution columns can also be spaced apart for an intermediate space for accommodating additional devices such as electrical lines and installation parts. As a rule, these rooms do not have to be stripped, but can simply be closed off with a cover strip to the outside.

The connecting flanges are expediently formed in a Z-shape with overlapping edge parts. The same screws can then be used for adjacent columns. On the holding rails or connecting flanges, in particular U-shaped guide rails are provided for removable parts of the device, which can be easily and quickly attached and, if necessary, replaced.

The distribution unit is also adapted to the side of the unit with the same height (or length) and depth, in particular integrated into this, a control and regulation column with individually removable inserts for measurement, control and regulation groups. At least towards the panel, this column can also be shielded by a thermal insulation layer.

The invention further pursues the task of designing the cross distributor arrangement in such a way that the individual column chambers can be easily connected, and this is done according to the invention primarily in that both cross distributors have flow channels penetrating the distributor columns within their outer surfaces. These flow channels can then be arranged as desired within the distribution columns so that they can be connected to each of the two column chambers can be connected without any special throttling effect. This is relatively easy if you choose different or irregular cross sections, but even with regular cross sections this can be done without any particular difficulty.

According to a further proposal of the invention, closable, in particular adjustable, connection openings are provided between each flow channel and at least one column chamber of a distributor column. If it is advisable for manufacturing reasons, such connecting openings can be provided for each of the two chambers, and one of the openings is closed. It is essential, however, that the opening cross-section for the individual flow paths can be adjusted as required for the same chamber volume and thus the respective volume flows can be preset in relation to the expected heating or cooling output.

The flow channels of the cross distributors can in principle be permanently integrated in the distributor columns, but they are preferably formed by individual pipe elements which can be sealed in the wall of the hollow columns.

As a rule, it is advisable to give the flow channels a circular cross section, in particular to form them by at least partially cylindrical tube sleeves, regardless of whether such tube sleeves are now welded or soldered to the distributor columns or can be interchangeably sealed in them.

The wall of the flow channels is expediently provided with a thread on the inside, which can serve various purposes.

Thus, the closure elements can be designed as throttle elements attached to the flow channels, in particular screwed into their walls. These can be throttle bushings that can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction or pivotable throttle slides. The setting is usually made before assembly, but can also be done subsequently using a nipple wrench or the like if the throttle elements have corresponding inwardly projecting cams.

It is also possible to provide the flow channels of the individual distributor columns with opposite internal threads at their ends and to connect them by means of socket-shaped coupling means provided with opposite external threads. In this way, the individual distributor columns can then be braced and sealed against one another, in particular via interposed sealing rings.

If, as a rule, the transverse distributors are attached to one and preferably the lower end of the column, it may still be expedient to mount them in the middle of the distributor columns projecting from there towards their outside ends to the connecting lines provided. Practically, this means that two column chambers of different, opposite, protruding columns are connected to a connection point. It must then be decided on a case-by-case basis whether the two column chambers can remain in flow connection or whether at least a limited separation is provided in the area of the cross-distributors, for example in such a way that the distribution columns are subdivided there and the two chambers through separate openings on the same flow channel or connects to different flow channels.

Whether you have such double columns or simple hollow columns In principle, several, in particular two individual distribution chambers can always be arranged one behind the other. Of course, this creates difficulties if the unit is only accessible from one side, because one would then have to intervene through or past a chamber, provided that more than two subchambers do not come next to each other. In such a case, it is therefore advisable to arrange two panels on the rear side, accessible from opposite sides, in particular to attach them to the side of a building wall. One builds into the room from the building wall, for example, but especially when using double columns, these are relatively few chambers that hardly need more space from the wall than the chambers accessible from the front. You can continue the lines coming from the unit without deflection in different directions and shield the unit so that it is less disruptive. The compact arrangement further reduces heat losses and the insulation can be easily improved by additional cover.

In the case of a double panel arrangement, adjacent chambers can also be selected so that two hollow columns are connected to a common partition. This applies to two flow chambers, but also to the flow and return chambers of the same or a temperature-comparable flow circuit. Either the temperatures in the adjacent chambers are then at least approximately the same, or an influence which is usually sought there is achieved.

According to a further proposal of the invention, a double panel is formed from individual elongate structural units with a housing box which is in the longitudinal direction through one another intersecting partitions is divided into at least four sub-chambers open on opposite sides. In each such unit, two or four flow circuits can then be connected, ie the width of the panel always remains relatively small.

Regardless of how many such individual columns or structural units are joined together, separate cross distributors may only have to be provided in a first panel, partial chambers being connected to subchambers of the other panel arranged in the same way by means of openings in the common partition. So you can also install one cross distributor in the first panel and the other in the second panel.

This applies in particular to the case where only flow chambers are provided in a first panel level and only return chambers are provided in a second panel level, because in particular the chambers of a flow circuit are arranged opposite each other. Instead of providing separate transverse distributor elements, it is sufficient in this case to break through the outer walls or partition walls in the two panels at the predetermined point. With careful division, the entire housing of the distributor unit can even be formed in one piece if the return chambers with a comparable return temperature are arranged side by side.

While the primary aim is to integrate the fittings, it may also be expedient to attach individual fittings, in particular optionally, to the outside of the distributor columns and to connect them to the column chambers by connecting means provided in or on the chamber wall.

A complete interior arrangement of all fittings can only be achieved if you commit yourself to certain fittings. However, due to the extensive technical development, this is not easily possible with some fittings. It may therefore be appropriate there to provide only the necessary connecting means, such as wall openings, pipe sockets or the like, in order to be able to mount the fittings in question on the outside. But it is also important that this external arrangement is only prepared and then optionally carried out as required, d. H. the distributor unit is normally supplied with fittings installed on the inside, but some of these fittings can be replaced during installation or afterwards by other fittings arranged on the outside.

It can be expedient to install flow deflectors within the column chambers in the area of the connecting means, which completely or partially prevent the flow within the column chambers and direct the flow towards an opening leading to the outside and back into the chamber from such an opening.

An external arrangement again increases the heat losses. This can be counteracted by a heat-insulating shield covering the space for external fittings. This can be a hood that can be fitted as a whole, or isolated side walls of the panel are preferred and the opening is then closed by one or more door elements. Here it may be advisable to provide the shielding with at least some flat elements made of insulating glass in order to at least u. if necessary, to keep the setting elements visible from the outside.

Although in principle the one-piece version of the dividing column is sought, it may / may be advisable to make this column at least at one end towards such a length that the fittings in the column chambers are made accessible by lifting off, in particular, a single wall part. You then get by with fewer and easier interruptions in the column chambers. Above all, however, the assembly is simplified, since the fittings can be installed in the housing-fixed or in the removable wall part, depending on the expediency. The simplest design of the subdivision is seen in the design of the removable wall part as a front cover, which is preferably attached to a one-piece double tub.

In a presently preferred embodiment, however, the distributor columns have at least two housing shells which are formed on opposite sides from a common contact plane and are held against one another in this contact plane. This shell design has the particular advantage that you get by with a few, largely prefabricated housing parts and gain greater freedom of movement when attaching the internal fittings to one or the other housing part.

Advantageously, flow paths such as bypass, through-channels, transverse distributors, their connections and the like are formed in the housing shells designed as cast or shaped bodies. Like. molded in as well as fittings.

Since the distribution columns are relatively long, but the costs of castings increase with length and the essential fittings can usually be arranged at one end of the distribution columns, it may be advisable to restrict the housing shells to two parts with two * end connections for the connection of individual cases Continuation of the ^* column fittings To provide column chambers.

• Fig. 1 eine räumliche Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Verteileraggregates mit zum oberen Ende hin geschnittenen Hohlsäulen,
• Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch eine solche Hohlsäule längs der Linie II/II in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch diese Säule nach der Linie III/III in Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch zwei benachbarte Hohlsäulen gemäß Linie IV/IV in Fig. 2,
• Fig. 5 in vergrößertem Maßstab die Stelle V aus Fig.4,
• Fig. 6 eine schematische Frontansicht des Verteileraggregates, teilweise dicht unter den Frontplatten geschnitten,
• Fig. 7 einen Schnitt durch dieses Verteileraggregat nach der Linie VII/VII in Fig. 6,
• Fig. 8 einen solchen Schnitt nach der Linie VIII/VIII in Fig. 6,
• Fig. 9 eine der Fig. 6 entsprechende Darstellung eines im Bereich der Hauptverteilersäulen abgewandelten Verteileraggregates, die
• Fig. 10 und 11 den Fig. 7 und 8 entsprechende Darstellungen dieser Abwandlung,
• Fig. 12 eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende räumliche Ansicht eines abgewandelten Verteileraggregates,
• Fig. 13 einen Schnitt durch eine Verteilersäule längs der Linie XIII/XIII in Fig. 12,
• Fig. 14 einen Schnitt durch diese Säule nach der Linie XIV/XIV in Fig. 13,
• Fig. 15 einen dem unteren Teil der Fig. 13 entsprechenden vergrößerten Teilschnitt nach der Linie XV/ XV in Fig. 16,
• Fig.16 einen Teilschnitt nach der Linie XVI/XVI in Fig. 15,
• Fig.17 eine räumliche Prinzipdarstellung eines Paneels mit in der Mitte zwischen zwei äusseren Säulenteilen angebrachten Querverteilern,
• Fig. 18 eine schematische räumliche Darstellung eines im Raum oder an einer Wand freistehend angeordneten Verteileraggregates mit Doppelsäulen und
• Fig. 19 einen Schnitt durch dieses Verteileraggregat nach der Linie XIX/XIX in Fig. 18,
• die Fig. 20 bis 22 Querschnitte durch als Doppelwannen mit Deckel ausgeführte Verteilersäulen,
• die Fig. 23 und 24 entsprechende Querschnitte durch zwei Verteilersäulen mit nach entgegengesetzten Seiten ausgewölbten Gehäuseschalen,
• Fig. 25 einen Schnitt durch die Teilungsebene einer speziellen Verteilersäule, deren wesentlicher Teil durch zwei Gehäuseschalen gebildet ist,
• Fig. 26 eine Seitenansicht des Gußteiles einer solchen Verteilersäule rechts in Fig. 25 gesehen und
• Fig. 27 einen Querschnitt der Verteilersäule nach der Linie XXVII in Fig. 25.

Show in the drawing, for example, the invention

• 1 is a perspective view of a distribution unit according to the invention with hollow columns cut towards the upper end,
• 2 shows a section through such a hollow column along the line II / II in FIG. 1,
• 3 shows a section through this column along the line III / III in FIG. 2,
• 4 shows a section through two adjacent hollow columns according to line IV / IV in FIG. 2,
• 5 shows the location V from FIG. 4 on an enlarged scale,
• 6 is a schematic front view of the distribution unit, partially cut close to the front panels,
• 7 shows a section through this distributor unit along the line VII / VII in FIG. 6,
• 8 shows such a section along the line VIII / VIII in FIG. 6,
• FIG. 9 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 6 of a distributor unit modified in the area of the main distributor columns
• 10 and 11 of FIGS. 7 and 8 corresponding representations of this modification,
• 12 is a spatial view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a modified distribution unit,
• 13 shows a section through a distributor column along the line XIII / XIII in FIG. 12,
• 14 shows a section through this column along the line XIV / XIV in FIG. 13,
• 15 shows an enlarged partial section corresponding to the lower part of FIG. 13 along the line XV / XV in FIG. 16,
• 16 shows a partial section along the line XVI / XVI in FIG. 15,
• 17 shows a basic spatial representation of a panel with transverse distributors attached in the middle between two outer column parts,
• Fig. 18 is a schematic spatial representation of a distribution unit with double columns and arranged freestanding in the room or on a wall
• 19 shows a section through this distribution unit according to the line XIX / XIX in FIG. 18,
• 20 to 22 cross sections through distributor columns designed as double trays with covers,
• 23 and 24 corresponding cross sections through two distribution columns with bulging housing shells on opposite sides,
• 25 shows a section through the parting plane of a special distributor column, the essential part of which is formed by two housing shells,
• Fig. 26 is a side view of the casting of such a distribution column seen on the right in Fig. 25 and
• 27 shows a cross section of the distributor column along the line XXVII in FIG. 25.

The distributor assembly shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 is essentially formed from a main distributor column 1, two individual distributor columns 2, 3 and a cross distributor 4 attached to the foot end thereof. The distributor columns 1 to 3 are, as is the case with regard to the individual distributor columns 2 , 3 can best be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5, cuboid or square hollow tubes, the body of which has a front wall 5, a rear wall 6 and two side walls 7, 8. Through a lengthways in Partition 9 retracted into the column body, the distributor columns are divided into two column chambers of the same size, a flow chamber 11 and a return chamber 12.

In the same way, the body of the double cross-distributor 4 is divided by a partition 13 into two distributor chambers, an upper flow chamber 14 and a lower return chamber 15. These chambers stand with the chambers of the individual distributor columns, with the flow chambers through openings 16 and with the return chambers through openings 17 in connection.

The cross distributor 4 can optionally be attached to the lower or upper end of the hollow columns, it is also possible to attach one chamber at the top and the other at the bottom. Instead of attaching the two column chambers 11 and 12 next to one another, they can in principle also be arranged one behind the other, in any case, however, with a greater depth than initially provided.

Apart from the cross distributor 4, the distribution columns 1, 2, 3 can be combined in a manner to be described later to form a closed plate body, a panel, which can be attached as a whole to consoles 18 on a building wall 19 so that the upper end of the panel 20 is flush with the ceiling 21. In principle, the columns or square tubes can of course also be arranged horizontally and the cross distributor vertically.

In each of the two column chambers 11, 12 there is a shut-off valve 22 at the bottom and a similar shut-off valve 23 at the top. At the lower end a drain support 24 is provided, at the closed upper end, which forms a ventilation chamber or air collection chamber, a ventilation Stub 25. A pipe socket 26 protrudes from the front wall just below this for connecting the various lines 27 serving for heat supply and for connection to consumers.

28 is an insertion opening for a thermometer 281, 29 a feed pump arranged in the feed chamber 11 and 30 a check valve arranged in the return chamber 12.

A first passage opening 31 is provided in the partition 9 below the pumping pump 29 and is associated with an adjusting member 32 that can be preset from the outside by means of a toggle. This setting member limits the free opening of the passage opening 31 by means of a cylinder segment 33 and, depending on the setting, also directs a more or less large amount of flow from the return chamber 12 through the passage opening into the flow chamber 11. These are close to and outside the path of the cylinder segment 33 first guide vanes 34 arranged parallel to the dividing wall 9 upstream and to the dividing wall differently inclined mixing elements 35 attached downstream. Through the guide vane 34, a part of the feed flow is first introduced transversely into the flow branched off from the return flow into the feed chamber, and this mixed flow is intimately mixed by the mixing elements 35 so that the mixing temperature can be exactly felt and displayed on the thermometer 281.

Below the passage opening 31 there is a further passage opening 40 which is equipped with a thermostatically, possibly electronically controllable three or four-way mixing valve 36, the shut-off segment 37 of which in the operating position Fig. 3 off the drain of the return chamber blocks, that is, the entire flow returned in the return chamber leads back into the flow chamber. The control can be influenced by in the column, in addition to this or also by remote control devices, in particular from information from the thermometers 281 of both column chambers.

6 to 8, two longitudinal shafts 39, 41 are divided in the main distributor column 1 by an intermediate wall 38 on the front wall 5 in both column chambers 69, 70 above the opening 311 provided only in the front part. The feed pump 291 is arranged only in the longitudinal shaft 39 of the flow chamber 69. Both chambers, like the opening 311, are delimited by a curved deflection bend 42. In the longitudinal shaft 41 of the return chamber 70, the check valve 301, which is only placed on this part, is also attached and at the outlet end of the shaft a mixing device 60, which in turn effects the mixing of the two partial flows in the return chamber 70. The feed pump 291, which acts as an admixing pump for raising the return temperature, which is sometimes necessary, is controlled by a thermostat 67 in the return chamber.

As can be seen above all from FIG. 5, laterally projecting Z-shaped edge strips 50 are formed on the rear wall 6 of the individual columns, the intermediate web 59 of which has a predetermined distance from the respective side wall 7 or 8, which is the thickness of one on the whole Corresponds to the circumference around the body of the column adapted thermal insulation layer 43, which is formed by a U-shaped shell 44 and a plate part 45 which forms on both sides a protruding nose strip 46. In this way, a positive alignment of the plate part 45 to the column body is achieved. It can also fix the screws gung on the wall or a suitable intermediate support from the flange ends 47 forth.

Depending on how wide the space 48 desired between the thermal insulation layers of adjacent columns should be, the flange edges can be arranged side by side or overlapped. For this purpose, the one web 59 can also be dimensioned somewhat shorter than the other. One of the two leading edges 46 can be severed at the joint 49.

At the flange ends 47, a C-shaped holding rail 51 can additionally be fastened, into which various device parts, possibly also an intermediate plate 53, can be attached by means of foot anchors 52, which, for example, shields electrical lines 54 carried up there, while above it, for example, the application of compressed air - Enable control lines or the like 68. The space 48 is then closed off from the outside by a strip cover 55.

As shown in FIG. 1, a control and regulating column 56 can be inserted laterally next to the panel 20 or also partially integrated therein, in the inserts 57 of which a wide variety of control, measuring and regulating devices can be accommodated. From the column 56, the individual connections to the various hollow columns can then be introduced under, above or in the thermal insulation layer, as required, rooms 48 also being recommended for the upward movement.

Instead of attaching the various distribution columns separately to the wall, they can also be attached to one or more intermediate supports, such as at the upper or lower end of crossbars on the rear, which may

consist of a load-bearing and heat-insulating plastic and are attached to the wall. The panel can also be shielded against heat from the brackets 18.

As with the entire circumference of each distributor column, a thermal insulation layer can also be attached to the end faces and to the outer surfaces of the transverse distributor. All parts of the distributor assembly that conduct the heat transfer medium are stripped on their outer surface. The fittings attached within the hollow columns are e.g. T. connected with thin connecting elements through the thermal insulation layer attached to the front wall 5 to the external parts. This also applies to the motor 292 of the pump 29. In addition, the pipe socket 26 is assigned an outer socket 261, which enables the plugging in of an insulating material sleeve. By bumping the panel against the ceiling, the various connecting lines 27 can also be aligned with the ceiling before the panel is installed.

Deviating from the previous embodiment, according to FIGS. 9 to 11, the passage opening 311 with the deflection bend 42 previously provided in the partition 9 is omitted. Rather, there is a heat transfer unit 63 in the partition between the two approximately equally long longitudinal shafts 61, 62 in the partition a plurality of individual heat transfer tubes 64 attached.

The heat transfer tubes 64 are filled with a rapidly reacting heat exchanger agent or refrigerant, which is vaporized in the longitudinal shaft 61 of the flow chamber 69, the steam migrating along the upper wall of the tube to the longitudinal shaft 62 of the return chamber 70 and there kon densifies. After the condensate has returned to the longitudinal shaft 61, the cycle begins again. The intensity of the heat transfer can be controlled by simple motor-operated flap valves 65, 66, which inhibit or release the flow in the two longitudinal shafts. A feed pump 291 according to FIG. 6 can of course also be used there if the intensity of the heat transfer is to be influenced more strongly.

Except for the motor 292 of the feed pump 29 and various adjusters, the fittings can be arranged entirely within the distribution columns. According to the representation in FIGS. 12 to 14, however, the feed pump 29, the adjusting member 32 and the mixing valve 36 are attached outside the distributor columns in the optionally provided option. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 13 in the front wall 5 in addition to the insulation mounted thereon, connection sockets 83 are provided, to which fittings to be attached, for example by means of bends 84, are connected. The mixing valve 36 requires a third connection socket 83 for this purpose. In this case, deflecting bodies 85, 86 are used within the respective partial chambers, of which the deflecting bodies 85 completely shut off the respective column and divert the entire flow through the connection sockets 83 to the outside, while the smaller one Deflector 86 directs only part of the chamber flow to the outside.

You then have the choice whether to attach the fittings inside or outside. The interior arrangement will be selected if the special fittings provided for this construction are available or suitable for the respective purpose. If, on the other hand, another fitting has to be used, then this is connected to the outside of the front wall 5 in the manner shown. Here you have the choice between quite different brands. In this case, it may also be advisable to cover the front of the panel with an insulating hood 87, the edge parts 88 of which may be fixedly attached to the panel to reduce the heat losses, while the outer plate 89 may be at least partially removable and windows provided with insulating glass, for example can have.

The two cross-distributors 71, 72, which can be used either as distributors or collectors, are guided below the shut-off valves 22 within the outline of the column chambers across the panel. They form largely cylindrical flow channels 73, 74 by means of individual tube sleeves 75 assigned to each hollow column, which, as can best be seen from FIG. 5, have the same pitch length as the distributor columns 1 to 3. They fit snugly in the manner known from heating element members in nozzle lugs 76 protruding from the outer wall of the distributor columns and are sealed with them to the adjacent distributor column by an interposed ring seal 77.

For the bracing are provided with two opposing and inwardly projecting cams 79 nipple sleeves 78, which are provided with opposite external threads at their ends, while the tubular sleeves 75 have opposite internal threads towards their ends. A centering, rigid connection and, on the other hand, an axial bracing of the tube sleeves 75 and, with them, the distributor columns 1 to 3 are thus achieved. However, the coupling means are not visible from the outside.

Each tube sleeve 75 has at least one opening 81 which is offset towards one end of the tube sleeve in such a way that it is in the transverse distributor 71 approximately in the middle of the front running chamber 11 and in the reverse arrangement in the transverse distributor 72 comes to lie approximately in the middle of the return chamber 12. Each opening 81 is also assigned a throttle bushing 82, which sits with its external thread in the internal thread of the tubular sleeve 75 and can be adjusted in such a way that the free cross section of the opening 81 can be adapted to the size of the volume flow that is to be controlled in the respective flow branch . Since the forward and return flow are the same in every two-flow, the throttle bushings 82 of a hollow column must also be set in the same way. This setting also enables quite different flow circuits to be routed through uniform supply and return chambers. Cams 79 are also fitted on the inside of the throttle bushings 82, which enable adjustment even after assembly.

4, the transverse distributor 71 has moved somewhat towards the rear wall 6, the lower-lying transverse distributor 72 towards the front wall 5. The heat transfer medium can therefore flow past the transverse distributor 71 largely unhindered in the return chamber 12. The ends of the cross distributors 71, 72 can be closed by threaded plugs.

FIG. 17 shows a schematic spatial representation of two double columns 91, each of which is practically formed by a lower hollow column 92 and an upper hollow column 93, both of which have lines 27 extending from their ends (below and above) and at their central connection point from common cross-distributors 71, 72 are crossed. In principle, the two columns 92, 93 can be separated from one another by a cross plate or the like and can be provided with separate cross distributors. You can also arrange the cross-distributors 71, 72 so that they cause a separation of the two hollow columns, but this is usually Separation is not necessary. In any case, it is advisable to provide the openings 81 in both transverse distributors at the top and bottom. Thus, flow medium flows out of the cross distributor 71 through opposite openings 81 into the flow chambers 11 of the two hollow columns 92, 93 arranged one above the other, and the return chambers 12 are connected in the same way to the cross distributor 72.

In principle, it is now possible not only to arrange the individual column chambers next to one another, but also one behind the other. However, this causes considerable difficulties with the conventional arrangements on the wall, since fittings in a rear chamber could then only be operated through the front chamber or through gaps between these chambers. However, if you place two double columns according to Fig. 17 with their backs against each other freely in the room (Fig. 18) or against the building wall 19 (Fig. 19), then all hollow columns are directly accessible from the front. Since the same column chambers 11 and 12 are located opposite each other of the two rows of columns, in principle the middle insulation layer 94 can be omitted entirely. In the middle of the double columns, the connection can then be formed by simple wall openings with a common rear wall 6, and - in contrast to FIGS. 18, 19 - only two transverse distributors 71, 72 are sufficient. In this way, column assemblies, as they are assembled in pairs in FIGS. 18 and 19, can be produced by opening to opposite ends and by a wall cross made up of rear wall 6 and partition 9, of which several can be joined together as required. It is then also possible to mount the outer plate 89 as a pivotable door in an axis 95 attached directly to the building wall 19.

While fundamentally the distributor columns can be formed as all-round closed tubes of various cross-sectional shapes, the rear wall 6, side walls 7, 8 and partition 9 are integrated into a longitudinal double trough 90 according to FIG 105 is closed. This makes it possible to provide the built-in fittings either on the lid 105 or on the double tub 90. Assembly, maintenance and repairs are simplified in this way.

According to FIG. 21, the double trough 190 is rounded at its rear longitudinal edges, and according to FIG. 22 a double trough 290 is formed by two troughs 97, which are partially cylindrically rounded on the rear. In this way, the flow resistances can be reduced _/ and this reduction is continued according to FIG. 23, both pillar chambers 11, 12 being circular and delimited by two double shells 390, 391, which are sealed against one another in a common contact plane and sealed by screws and are formed approximately symmetrically from this contact plane to two semi-cylindrical channels 971.

While there are pronounced flanges 99 on the outside, the semi-cylindrical grooves can basically merge into one another.

According to FIG. 24, the channels 971 of the double shells 490, 491 are arranged with a larger spacing and are connected by flanges 100 drawn in between them which are more or less wide.

22, the partition elements 109 lie close together, the partition elements 209 according to FIG. 23 smaller and, according to FIG. 24, larger spacing.

This is even more pronounced in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 25 to 27, as can be seen primarily from FIG. 27. The distributor column 101 shown there is essentially formed by a double-shell housing 104, to which two column-shaped pieces 107 and 108 are fastened by means of double-thread coupling bushings 106.

In the two housing shells 10 and 110 braced against each other in the middle contact plane 98 by the screws 96, all the necessary channels and flow paths are molded by casting. 25 goes through the contact plane 98 in FIGS. 26 and 27 _/ only the housing shell 110 is shown in FIG. 25 as a view.

In this version, as far as the devices are the same, the previous reference numerals have normally been retained, with minor deviations a 1 is placed in front of the corresponding reference number. Thus, through the mixing valve 136 designed as a four-way valve, the flow chamber 11 and the return chamber 12 are divided into upstream subchambers 11b and 12a and downstream subchambers 11a and 12b. These subchambers are each connected to the four-way mixing valve 136, they start from it in a star shape.

Instead of breaking through a partition, a passage 131 used as a bypass with an infinitely adjustable adjusting member 132 now extends between the two lateral subchambers 11a and 12a. In this way, the circulation flow between the two subchambers 11a and 12a in particular can be controlled.

Furthermore, of the four connections a, b, c, d of the mixing valve 136, the connection d is bridged by a short-circuit channel 12c drawn between the subchambers 12a and 12b, in which a switching element 118 with its segment in the position shown shows the connection d and in one other position the short-circuit channel. 12c locks. In this way, the four-way mixing valve 136 can be converted into a three-way mixing valve.

Since the cross distributor 171 lies approximately in the same plane as the flow sub-chamber 11b, the heat exchange medium can be simply conducted up there. It becomes more difficult already at the transition from the return sub-chamber 12b to the transverse collector 172 located below. The connecting line 119 must therefore, as can be seen above all in FIG. 26, be diverted around the transverse distributor 171.

Also worth mentioning is a heat meter 120, which is primarily arranged in the return line, determines the flow and return temperature using temperature buttons 121 and, in conjunction with the amount of medium flowing through, records the amount of heat emitted between the two temperature buttons and normally feeds it to a recording device. 126 denotes a thermometer, 127 a pressure gauge connection. 128 is an emptying nozzle, which can possibly also be equipped with an emptying hook.

The two housing shells 10, 110 can be braced against one another with sufficient sealing security by the screws 96 attached in different lateral flanges, possibly also by means of screws inserted through the flow paths. It is of course also possible to use a separate clamping frame for this purpose, which extends from the outside to the contact plane 98 acts on the housing shells.

In principle, the individual distributor columns can only be coupled to one another by the nipple sleeves 178 drawn into the transverse distributor 171 and transverse collector 172. They are expediently attached with circumferential spacings in an outer housing 124, the spaces being filled with thermal insulation material. Slidable throttle bushings 182 are also used here at the connections of the column chambers.

Claims (50)

1. Distribution unit for heating and / or cooling systems working with a flowable heat exchange medium for connecting a plurality of branch lines to main flow and return lines, with a plurality of identical or similar distribution elements, with fittings of a controlled system such as shut-off, throttling, control - And deflection elements, feed pumps and. Like. Provided in a side-by-side arrangement panel-like and surrounded by thermal insulation, characterized in that at least the distributor elements of individual flow circuits are uniform distributor columns (1 to 3) with integrated fittings and at least one flow chamber (11) and a return chamber (12) are combined . 2. Distribution unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution columns (1 to 3) at least on the panel outer surfaces with a prefabricated, firmly attached to its wall insulation layer (44, 45) with openings only for the necessary connection, display and controls are provided. 3. Distribution unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the distribution columns assigned to each flow circuit (1 to 3) are provided at intermediate distances from one another and are stripped from one another, in particular under heat insulation layers (44) fixedly attached to their side surfaces. 4. Distribution unit according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that. At the head or foot end of the distributor columns cross distributors (4, 14, 15, 71, 72) for total forward and return flow join, in particular are formed. 5. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, 'characterized in that the panel at least one in its plane along the individual distribution columns (2, 3) arranged main distribution column (1) for passing through the entire heat transfer medium for all branch lines to be connected ( 27). 6. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in at least one distribution column (1 to 3) a thermostatically controllable feed pump (29, 291) is attached, in particular the connecting parts for the externally mounted drive motor (292) by the Front insulation (44) are passed through. 7. Distribution unit according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that out of the supporting wall of the distributor columns (1 to 3) connecting pipe socket (26) through the insulating sleeve (44, 45) outwards and preferably from a molded insulating jacket socket (261) are surrounded. 8. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each distribution column (1 to 3) heat transfer means for transferring heat from egg - a column chamber (11) are assigned to the adjacent column chamber (12). ₉ . Distribution unit according to Claim 8, characterized in that at least one passage opening (31) is provided in the area of action of the feed pump (29, 291) between the two column chambers (11, 12) and its adjusting means (32, 33) for adjusting or regulating the passage opening through this passed through are assigned. 10. Distribution unit according to claim 9, characterized in that the passage opening as two column chambers (11, 12) connecting, in particular channel-shaped bypass (131) with at least one shut-off element, in particular a throttle element (132) is formed. 11. Distribution unit according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the passage opening (31) are associated with flow guiding means (34, 35) for guiding the flow in the column chamber (11) connected downstream of the passage opening. 12. Distribution unit according to claim 11, characterized in that the guide means in the downstream column chamber (11) upstream of the passage opening (31), along the column chambers (11, 12) aligned guide elements (34) for largely laminar introduction of the main flow and downstream of the Passage (31) to the longitudinal direction of the column chamber have differently inclined vortices and / or mixer guide elements (35). 13. Distribution unit according to claim 10, characterized in that the or a further passage opening (40) is assigned a thermostatically controllable mixing valve (36), which is preferably designed as a multi-way valve with at least one column chamber (11) by means of two separate connections (a, b ) connected is. 14. Distribution unit according to claim 13, characterized in that a four-way valve (136) is mounted in a passage opening (140) and in each case with the upstream (11a, 12b) and downstream parts (11b, 12a) of both column chambers (11, 12) in connection and that a separate shut-off device (118) for changing the function is assigned to a valve connection (d) as a three-way valve. 15. Distribution unit according to claim 14, characterized in that the multi-way valve (136) in a column chamber, in particular the return chamber (12) by a short circuit connection (12 c) bridges and the shutdown element (118) is designed as a switching element, which optionally the short circuit connection (12 c ) or shut off the valve connection (d). 16. Distribution unit according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the walls of the four-way valve by means of its connections (a to d) subdivide both column chambers (11, 12), the end parts (11a, 12a, 11b, provided at a lateral spacing from one another) advantageously 12b) of both pillar chambers (11, 12) emanate from the four-way valve (136) in a star shape. 17. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that at least one distributor column (104) has a heat meter (120) with temperature buttons (121) in both column chambers (11, 12). 18. Distribution unit according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that at least in the main distributor column (1) the heat transfer means in divided longitudinal shafts (39, 41) of their two chambers (69, 70) are arranged (Fig. 6 to 11), wherein a feed pump (291) is preferably mounted at least in the divided longitudinal shaft (39) of one of the two column chambers ( ₆ 9, ₇₀ ) (FIG. 6). 19. Distribution unit according to claim 18, characterized in that the two longitudinal shafts (39, 41) are closed at one end by a common deflection bend (42) delimiting the passage opening (311). 20. Distribution unit according to claim 18 or 19, characterized by a at the outlet end of the downstream longitudinal shaft (41) arranged mixing device (60) for mixing the shaft flow with the remaining chamber flow (Fig. 6). 21. Distribution unit according to one of claims 8, 18 or 20, characterized by the design of the heat transfer means as thermally connecting the two column chambers, in particular a partition wall (9) arranged between them, essentially fluid-tight penetrating heat transfer elements (64) with large heat exchanger surfaces in both longitudinal shafts (61 , 62, Figs. 9 to 11). 22. Distribution unit according to claim 21, characterized in that the heat transfer elements (64) each have a tubular hollow body (heat pipe) which is filled with a fluid, rapidly reacting heat exchanger or refrigerant, the condensation temperature in the region of the temperature of the return chamber ( 70) lies. 23. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the individual distribution columns 1 to 3) with in particular through a thermal insulation layer (45) through to a supporting wall (19) to be fastened holding rails, which are preferably by laterally projecting connecting flanges (50) of the distribution columns (1 to 3) are formed. 24. Distribution unit according to claim 23, characterized in that the connecting flanges (50) are angled with such a distance from the body of the distributor columns (1 to 3) that they encompass the edge of a thermal insulation layer (43, 44). (Fig. 5) 25. Distribution unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermal insulation layers (43, 44) of adjacent distribution columns (1 to 3) have a distance for an intermediate space (48) for receiving additional devices such as lines (54) and installation parts. 26. Distribution unit according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that the connecting flanges (50) are Z-shaped with overlapping edge parts (47) (Fig. 5). 27. Distribution unit according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that on the holding rails or connecting flanges (47) in particular U-shaped guide rails (51) are provided for removable parts to be inserted. 28. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that with the same height (or length) and depth laterally to the unit, in particular integrated into this, a control and regulating column (56) with individually removable inserts (57 ) is intended for measurement and control groups. 29. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that both transverse distributors (71, 72) have the hollow columns (1 to 3) within their outer surfaces penetrating flow channels (73, 74). 30. Distribution unit according to claim 29, characterized in that closable, in particular adjustable connection openings (81) between each flow channel (73, 74) and at least one column chamber (11, 12) of a hollow column (1 to 3) are provided. 31. Distribution unit according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the flow channels (73, 74) of the cross distributor (71, 72) in the distributor columns (1 to 3) are firmly integrated. 32. Distribution unit according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the flow channels (73, 74) by individual sealable in the wall of the distributor columns (1 to 3) attached pipe elements (75) are formed. 33. Distribution unit according to one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the flow channels (73, 74) have a circular cross section, in particular are formed by at least partially cylindrical tube sleeves (75). 34. Distribution unit according to claim 33, characterized in that the walls of the flow channels (73, 74) are internally threaded. 35. Distribution unit according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the closure elements of the connecting openings (81) as in the flow channels (73, 74) attached, in particular screwed into the wall throttle elements such as length-adjustable throttle bushings (82) or pivotable throttle slide. 36. Distribution unit according to claim 34, characterized in that the flow channels (73, 74) of the individual hollow columns (1 to 3) are provided at their ends with opposite internal threads and can be coupled by means of opposite external threads provided with socket-shaped coupling nipples (82). 37. Distribution unit according to one of claims 29 to 36, characterized in that the transverse distributors (71, 72) are attached in the middle of the distributor columns (91 to 93) projecting from there to their outside ends to the connecting lines (27) provided ( 6, 7). 38. Distribution unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several, in particular two individual column chambers (11, 12) are arranged one behind the other. 39. Distribution unit according to claim 38, characterized in that two panels (20) are provided on the rear side, accessible from both sides, in particular are laterally attached to a housing wall (19). 40. Distribution unit according to claim 39, characterized in that two hollow columns, in particular as double columns (91) according to claim / trained hollow columns are connected to a common partition (6). 41. Distribution unit according to claim 39 or 40, characterized by a double panel of individual elongated structural units with a housing box, which is divided in the longitudinal direction by two intersecting partitions (6, 9) in four, four sub-chambers open in opposite sides. 42. Distribution unit according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that separate transverse distributors (71, 72) are provided only in a first panel (20) and subchambers with subchambers of the other panel (20) arranged in the same way by means of openings in the common intermediate wall (6, 9) are connected. 43. Distribution unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a first panel level only flow chambers (11) and in a second panel level only return chambers (12) are provided, in particular the chambers of a flow circuit are arranged opposite to each other. 44. Distribution unit according to the preceding claims, characterized in that individual fittings (29, 32, 36), in particular optionally, to be attached to the outside of the hollow columns (1 to 3) and to the column chambers (11, 12) by in or on the chamber wall The connecting means (83, 84) provided can be connected, flow deflectors (85, 86) being expediently attached within the column chambers (11, 12) in the region of the connecting means (83, 84). 45. Distribution unit according to claim 44, characterized by a space for external fittings covering heat-insulating shield (87), which preferably has at least some surface elements made of insulating glass. 46. Distribution unit according to one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that the distribution column (101) is divided longitudinally at least towards one end in such a way that the fittings (132, 136, 118) are lifted off by lifting off in particular a single wall part (105, 10). are accessible in the column chambers (11, 12). 47. Distribution unit according to claim 46, characterized by the design of the removable wall part as a front cover (105) which is preferably attached to a one-piece double tub (90, 190, 290). 48. Distribution unit according to claim 46, characterized in that the distributor columns (101) have at least two housing shells (390, 391, 491, 10, 110) formed from a common contact plane (98) on opposite sides and sealingly detachably held in this contact plane . 49. Distribution unit according to claim 48, characterized in that in the housing shells designed as cast or shaped bodies (10, 110) flow paths such as bypass (131), through-channels (12c), cross-distributors (171, 172) and its connections and the like. are molded in as well as fittings. 50. distribution unit according to claim 48 or 49, characterized in that the housing shells (10, 110) form two end pieces for the connection of individual column shaped pieces (107, 108) as a continuation of the column chambers (11, 12).

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