EP0086711B1 - Sabot for a subcaliber projectile - Google Patents

Sabot for a subcaliber projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086711B1
EP0086711B1 EP83400283A EP83400283A EP0086711B1 EP 0086711 B1 EP0086711 B1 EP 0086711B1 EP 83400283 A EP83400283 A EP 83400283A EP 83400283 A EP83400283 A EP 83400283A EP 0086711 B1 EP0086711 B1 EP 0086711B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sabot
section
projectile
opening
fore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP83400283A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0086711A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-André Moreau
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
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Giat Industries SA
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Priority to AT83400283T priority Critical patent/ATE14792T1/en
Publication of EP0086711A1 publication Critical patent/EP0086711A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device allowing the opening of a launching shoe used for firing a sub-calibrated projectile of the arrow type using a striped tube or not.
  • arrow-projectile arrow
  • arrow or sub-projectile are used interchangeably to designate the kinetic energy sub-projectile of the arrow type launched from such a tube and a sabot of launch.
  • the arrow munitions by their particularly high performances, prove to be remarkably effective in attacking armored targets such as battle tanks. Their performance is the consequence of their very high speed, their relatively large mass conferred by the use of high density materials, and their low impact surface. These various factors make it possible to obtain a very high kinetic energy and a surface energy at impact necessary for the perforation of modern armorings.
  • the precision of the shooting depends essentially on the ballistic qualities of the projectile, and in particular on the conditions in which the separation of the launching shoe and the arrow takes place.
  • Two types of devices are currently used for launching arrow projectiles.
  • the most conventional device consists of the use of a launching shoe made up of several elements enclosing the arrow, held by one or two belts in contact with the barrel of the weapon, for example as described in US Pat. 783.
  • the front part of this type of shoe has a flared surface so that the elements of the shoe can move apart under the effect of the aerodynamic forces generated by the resistance of the air at the outlet of the launch tube.
  • the launching shoe opens from front to rear by pressing on the arrow, which can be detrimental to the accuracy of the shooting taking into account that the elements of the shoe may meet the tail of the arrow, thus disrupting the desired trajectory and inducing shooting dispersions.
  • Another problem stems from the fact that the separation of the elements of the hoof is never done simultaneously, which creates a transverse impulse on the arrow and impairs the accuracy of the shot.
  • French patent 2,445,509 eliminates part of the problems encountered previously.
  • it is a pusher shoe made of an alloy with high mechanical resistance, equipped with a belt for sealing against the propellant gases of the barrel, the central part of the face adjacent to the projectile is provided with a steel disc in contact with the tail of the projectile and the periphery of which includes yokes in which a set of radially deployable jaws is articulated.
  • These jaws consist of rigid blades and are on the one hand in abutment with the launching tube and on the other hand maintain the body of the boom axially. There is also provision for locking these blades for part of the tail of the boom.
  • a major drawback of this type of mechanism lies in its complexity making it difficult to manufacture in large series and inducing high cost prices.
  • the presence of yokes, joints and moving parts is hardly compatible with the precision required, especially given the very significant accelerations implemented during the. indoor ballistics phase.
  • US Pat. No. 3,905,299 discloses a gyro-stabilized energy projectile comprising a launching shoe enclosing the projectile and opening from the rear towards the front under the effect of centrifugal forces and under the action of the gases of muzzle of the weapon.
  • the direction of the opening is due to incipient fractures which allow the separation of the elements of the shoe.
  • the dispersion of the projectile on the target is partly due to the mode of opening of the launching shoe.
  • the propagation of the cracks is not done symmetrically along the sabot, one induces radial forces of imbalance slightly destabilizing the projectile and resulting in a significant dispersion on impact.
  • the problem of simultaneous separation of the elements of the hoof is not resolved since there is no hoof-sub-projectile separation from the start of the opening of the hoof.
  • the aim of the present invention is a method and a launching device having the advantages of conventional launching shoes, but making it possible to obtain very low shooting dispersions, by avoiding on the one hand the support of the elements of the shoe on the deflection during the separation phase and on the other hand possible shocks of these same elements with the tail, assu rant the simultaneity of the separation of the elements with the sub-projectile and making it possible to use the principle of launching "pushed" or "towed pushed".
  • the present invention therefore consists of a launch shoe opening method characterized in that the opening is carried out in two main stages: a first consisting in the opening of the rear part of the shoe by spacing the elements of the shoe then that the front part is always locked and a second step consisting in opening the front part after total unlocking of the elements, the opening of the rear part of the hoof being accompanied by the separation of the arrow from the front part of the hoof .
  • the projectile launch shoe according to the invention and used for implementing the method consists of a tubular part enclosing the arrow, a first so-called thrust plate located in the rear vicinity of the tubular part and subjected to the pressure of the propellant gases and of a second so-called guide plate located in the front vicinity of the tubular part; it comprises connecting means between the elements, these means being arranged, on the one hand on the front part of the shoe and on the other hand on the rear part, the connecting means of the rear part being broken before the connecting means of the front part so that the shoe opens from rear to front.
  • the front connection means of the shoe are broken under the effect of the opening of the rear part of the shoe.
  • the connecting means of the rear part are constituted by a belt enclosing the thrust plate.
  • the means of connection of the front part of the shoe consist of a ring disposed on the guide plate.
  • the points of rotation of the elements are located at the front of the front end of the tubular part enclosing the arrow and at the front of the ring constituting the locking means of the front part of the shoe.
  • the front ring has breaking initiators arranged opposite the interfaces of the elements of the shoe.
  • FIG. 1 represents, in a thin line, the arrow 1 provided with its stabilizing stabilizer 2, at the outlet of the launching tube 3.
  • the launching shoe 4 comprises three elements 4a, 4b and 4c in contact with the arrow via a thread 5 allowing the transmission of the propulsion forces.
  • the shoe 4 is composed on the one hand of a thrust plate 6 subjected to the pressure of the propellant gases and, on the other hand of a guide plate 7 used for guiding the projectile in the launching tube.
  • the plates 6 and 7 are secured by means of a tubular part 8 extending behind the push plate 6 by the part 8a and at the level of the guide plate by the part 8b.
  • the seal between the launch tube and the shoe itself is produced by a sealing belt 9 arranged in a circular groove 10 produced on the thrust plate.
  • this belt also has the function of ensuring cohesion and rear locking of the elements of the shoe.
  • a ring 11 is placed in a circular groove 12 formed inside the guide plate 7; it ensures the maintenance and cohesion of the front part of the hoof elements.
  • a clearance 13 has been machined concentrically with the connecting thread 5. This clearance 13 provides a clearance between the projectile and the launch pad, clearance whose function will be explained later.
  • the method of opening the shoe of this projectile is as follows.
  • the propellant gases represented by the arrows 14 exert pressure on the rear part of the elements of the shoe.
  • This pressure has the effect of requesting the rear opening of the elements of the shoe, while the front part of the latter is always locked by the ring 11.
  • the sealing belt 9 is broken and allows the opening from the rear.
  • the centrifugal forces combine with the effects of the pressure of the propellant gases to request the opening of the shoe from the rear and to break the locking effected by the belt 9.
  • the points of rotation 16 are located in front of the front end of the tubular part 8b. This separation is also favored by the presence of the clearance 13 machined inside the tubular part 8b.
  • Figure 4 we see the separation 17 of the shoe and the arrow during the rear opening phase of the shoe.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

1. A process for opening the launch sabot used for propulsion and guidance of a kinetic energy sub-projectile (1) of the Armor Piercing, Fin Stabilized, Discarding Sabot (AP.FS.DS) type with a sabot (4) comprising several components (4a, 4b, 4c), characterized by the fact that the opening takes place in two main phases : a first phase consisting of the sabot aft section opening through the discarding of the components while the fore section is still locked, and a second phase consisting of the fore section opening after full unlocking of the components, the opening of the aft section being followed up by the separation of the sub-projectile (1) from the sabot fore section.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant l'ouverture d'un sabot de lancement utilisé pour le tir d'un projectile sous- calibré du type flèche à l'aide d'un tube rayé ou non.The present invention relates to a method and a device allowing the opening of a launching shoe used for firing a sub-calibrated projectile of the arrow type using a striped tube or not.

Dans la suite du texte, on utilise indifféremment les termes de projectile-flèche, de flèche, ou de sous-projectile pour désigner le sous-projectile à énergie cinétique du type flèche lancé à partir d'un tel tube et d'un sabot de lancement.In the rest of the text, the terms arrow-projectile, arrow, or sub-projectile are used interchangeably to designate the kinetic energy sub-projectile of the arrow type launched from such a tube and a sabot of launch.

Les munitions flèches, de par leurs performances particulièrement élevées, s'avèrent remarquablement efficaces pour agresser des cibles blindées tels que des chars de combat. Leurs performances sont la conséquence de leur vitesse très élevée, de leur masse relativement importante conférée par l'utilisation de matériaux à haute densité, et de leur surface d'impact faible. Ces différents facteurs permettent d'obtenir une énergie cinétique et une énergie surfacique à l'impact très élevées nécessaires à la perforation des blindages modernes.The arrow munitions, by their particularly high performances, prove to be remarkably effective in attacking armored targets such as battle tanks. Their performance is the consequence of their very high speed, their relatively large mass conferred by the use of high density materials, and their low impact surface. These various factors make it possible to obtain a very high kinetic energy and a surface energy at impact necessary for the perforation of modern armorings.

L'emploi de ce type de munition en tant que projectile anti-char nécessite d'effectuer les tirs avec un maximum de précision afin d'augmenter la probabilité d'atteinte à un endroit vital du véhicule ennemi et de l'anéantir le plus rapidement possible pour éviter toute riposte.The use of this type of ammunition as an anti-tank projectile requires firing with maximum precision in order to increase the probability of reaching a vital place in the enemy vehicle and to destroy it as quickly as possible. possible to avoid any retaliation.

Les problèmes de visée étant mis à part, la précision du tir dépend essentiellement des qualités balistiques du projectile, et notamment des conditions dans lesquelles s'effectue la séparation sabot de lancement-flèche.The aiming problems being put aside, the precision of the shooting depends essentially on the ballistic qualities of the projectile, and in particular on the conditions in which the separation of the launching shoe and the arrow takes place.

Deux types de dispositifs sont actuellement utilisés pour le lancement de projectiles flèches.Two types of devices are currently used for launching arrow projectiles.

Le dispositif le plus classique consiste en l'utilisation d'un sabot de lancement constitué de plusieurs éléments enserrant la flèche, maintenus par une ou deux ceintures en contact avec le tube de l'arme, par exemple comme décrit dans le brevet US 4 187 783. La partie avant de ce type de sabot comporte une surface évasée de manière à ce que les éléments du sabot puissent s'écarter sous l'effet des forces aérodynamiques engendrées par la résistance de l'air à la sortie du tube de lancement. Ainsi, pour ce type de munition, le sabot de lancement s'ouvre de l'avant vers l'arrière en s'appuyant sur la flèche, ce qui peut être préjudiciable à la précision du tir compte tenu du fait que les éléments du sabot peuvent rencontrer l'empennage de la flèche, perturbant ainsi la trajectoire souhaitée et induisant des dispersions au tir. Un autre problème provient du fait que la séparation des éléments du sabot ne se fait jamais simultanément ce qui crée une impulsion transversale sur la flèche et nuit à la précision du tir.The most conventional device consists of the use of a launching shoe made up of several elements enclosing the arrow, held by one or two belts in contact with the barrel of the weapon, for example as described in US Pat. 783. The front part of this type of shoe has a flared surface so that the elements of the shoe can move apart under the effect of the aerodynamic forces generated by the resistance of the air at the outlet of the launch tube. Thus, for this type of ammunition, the launching shoe opens from front to rear by pressing on the arrow, which can be detrimental to the accuracy of the shooting taking into account that the elements of the shoe may meet the tail of the arrow, thus disrupting the desired trajectory and inducing shooting dispersions. Another problem stems from the fact that the separation of the elements of the hoof is never done simultaneously, which creates a transverse impulse on the arrow and impairs the accuracy of the shot.

Le dispositif décrit dans le brevet français 2 445 509 permet d'éliminer une partie des problèmes rencontrés précédemment. Il s'agit dans ce cas d'un sabot pousseur réalisé en alliage à haute résistance mécanique, équipé d'une ceinture d'étanchéité aux gaz de propulsion du canon, dont la partie centrale de la face adjacente au projectile est munie d'un disque en acier en contact avec l'empennage du projectile et dont la périphérie comporte des chapes dans lesquelles s'articulent un jeu de mâchoires déployables radialement. Ces mâchoires sont constituées de lames rigides et sont d'une part en appui avec le tube de lancement et d'autre part maintiennent axialement le corps de la flèche. Il est également prévu un moyen de verrouillage de ces lames pour une partie de l'empennage de la flèche.The device described in French patent 2,445,509 eliminates part of the problems encountered previously. In this case, it is a pusher shoe made of an alloy with high mechanical resistance, equipped with a belt for sealing against the propellant gases of the barrel, the central part of the face adjacent to the projectile is provided with a steel disc in contact with the tail of the projectile and the periphery of which includes yokes in which a set of radially deployable jaws is articulated. These jaws consist of rigid blades and are on the one hand in abutment with the launching tube and on the other hand maintain the body of the boom axially. There is also provision for locking these blades for part of the tail of the boom.

Un inconvénient majeur de ce type de mécanisme réside dans sa complexité rendant sa fabrication délicate en grande série et induisant des prix de revient élevés. D'autre part, la présence de chapes, d'articulations et de pièces en mouvement est difficilement compatible avec la précision exigée surtout compte tenu des accélérations très importantes mises en oeuvre lors de la. phase de balistique intérieure.A major drawback of this type of mechanism lies in its complexity making it difficult to manufacture in large series and inducing high cost prices. On the other hand, the presence of yokes, joints and moving parts is hardly compatible with the precision required, especially given the very significant accelerations implemented during the. indoor ballistics phase.

Un autre inconvénient provient du fait que ce type de mécanisme n'autorise que le lancement de flèche selon le principe « poussé impliquant des efforts de compression très élevés sur la partie arrière du corps de la flèche pouvant le rompre ou favorisant l'apparition d'amorces de ruptures sur le corps de pénétration qui sont néfastes lors de la perforation des cibles. Il faut également remarquer que le principe de lancement « poussé est préjudiciable à la précision du tir étant donné que la composante du vecteur poussé est située le plus en arrière possible du projectile.Another drawback stems from the fact that this type of mechanism only authorizes the launching of the arrow according to the "pushed" principle involving very high compressive forces on the rear part of the body of the arrow which can break it or favor the appearance of initiations of ruptures on the penetration body which are harmful when the targets are punctured. It should also be noted that the "pushed" launch principle is detrimental to the accuracy of the shot since the component of the pushed vector is located as far back as possible from the projectile.

Par ailleurs, le brevet US 3 905 299 divulgue un projectile à énergie gyrostabilisé comprenant un sabot de lancement enserrant le projectile et s'ouvrant de l'arrière vers l'avant sous l'effet des efforts centrifuges et sous l'action des gaz de bouche de l'arme. Le sens de l'ouverture est dû à des amorces de rupture qui permettent la séparation des éléments du sabot. Comme on l'a dit, la dispersion du projectile sur la cible est due en partie au mode d'ouverture du sabot de lancement. Dans le cas du projectile décrit, si la propagation des fissures ne se fait pas de façon symétrique le long du sabot, on induit des forces radiales de déséquilibre déstabilisant légèrement le projectile et ayant pour conséquence une dispersion importante à l'impact. Le problème de séparation simultanée des éléments du sabot n'est pas résolu puisqu'il n'y a pas séparation sabot-sous-projectile dès le début de l'ouverture du sabot.Furthermore, US Pat. No. 3,905,299 discloses a gyro-stabilized energy projectile comprising a launching shoe enclosing the projectile and opening from the rear towards the front under the effect of centrifugal forces and under the action of the gases of muzzle of the weapon. The direction of the opening is due to incipient fractures which allow the separation of the elements of the shoe. As has been said, the dispersion of the projectile on the target is partly due to the mode of opening of the launching shoe. In the case of the projectile described, if the propagation of the cracks is not done symmetrically along the sabot, one induces radial forces of imbalance slightly destabilizing the projectile and resulting in a significant dispersion on impact. The problem of simultaneous separation of the elements of the hoof is not resolved since there is no hoof-sub-projectile separation from the start of the opening of the hoof.

Le but visé par la présente invention est un procédé et un dispositif de lancement ayant les avantages des sabots de lancement classiques, mais permettant d'obtenir des dispersions au tir très faibles, en évitant d'une part l'appui des éléments du sabot sur la flèche lors de la phase de séparation et d'autre part les chocs éventuels de ces mêmes éléments avec l'empennage, assurant la simultanéité de la séparation des éléments avec le sous-projectile et permettant d'utiliser le principe de lancement « poussé » ou « tracté poussé ».The aim of the present invention is a method and a launching device having the advantages of conventional launching shoes, but making it possible to obtain very low shooting dispersions, by avoiding on the one hand the support of the elements of the shoe on the deflection during the separation phase and on the other hand possible shocks of these same elements with the tail, assu rant the simultaneity of the separation of the elements with the sub-projectile and making it possible to use the principle of launching "pushed" or "towed pushed".

La présente invention consiste donc en un procédé d'ouverture de sabot de lancement caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture s'effectue en deux étapes principales : une première consistant en l'ouverture de la partie arrière du sabot par écartement des éléments du sabot alors que la partie avant est toujours verrouillée et une deuxième étape consistant en l'ouverture de la partie avant après déverrouillage total des éléments, l'ouverture de la partie arrière du sabot s'accompagnant de la séparation de la flèche de la partie avant du sabot.The present invention therefore consists of a launch shoe opening method characterized in that the opening is carried out in two main stages: a first consisting in the opening of the rear part of the shoe by spacing the elements of the shoe then that the front part is always locked and a second step consisting in opening the front part after total unlocking of the elements, the opening of the rear part of the hoof being accompanied by the separation of the arrow from the front part of the hoof .

Le sabot de lancement du projectile selon l'invention et utilisé pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, est constitué d'une partie tubulaire enserrant la flèche, d'une première plaque dite de poussée située au voisinage arrière de la partie tubulaire et soumise à la pression des gaz de propulsion et d'une deuxième plaque dite de guidage située au voisinage avant de la partie tubulaire ; il comprend des moyens de liaison entre les éléments, ces moyens étant disposés, d'une part sur la partie avant du sabot et d'autre part sur la partie arrière, les moyens de liaison de la partie arrière étant rompus avant les moyens de liaison de la partie avant de manière à ce que le sabot s'ouvre de l'arrière vers l'avant.The projectile launch shoe according to the invention and used for implementing the method, consists of a tubular part enclosing the arrow, a first so-called thrust plate located in the rear vicinity of the tubular part and subjected to the pressure of the propellant gases and of a second so-called guide plate located in the front vicinity of the tubular part; it comprises connecting means between the elements, these means being arranged, on the one hand on the front part of the shoe and on the other hand on the rear part, the connecting means of the rear part being broken before the connecting means of the front part so that the shoe opens from rear to front.

Selon une autre caractéristique, les moyens de liaison avant du sabot sont rompus sous l'effet de l'ouverture de la partie arrière du sabot.According to another characteristic, the front connection means of the shoe are broken under the effect of the opening of the rear part of the shoe.

Les moyens de liaison de la partie arrière sont constitués par une ceinture enserrant la plaque de poussée.The connecting means of the rear part are constituted by a belt enclosing the thrust plate.

Les moyens de la liaison de la partie avant du sabot sont constitués par une bague disposée sur la plaque de guidage.The means of connection of the front part of the shoe consist of a ring disposed on the guide plate.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, les' points de rotation des éléments sont situés à l'avant de l'extrémité avant de la partie tubulaire enserrant la flèche et à l'avant de la bague constituant les moyens de verrouillage de la partie avant du sabot.According to a particular characteristic, the points of rotation of the elements are located at the front of the front end of the tubular part enclosing the arrow and at the front of the ring constituting the locking means of the front part of the shoe.

La bague avant comporte des amorces de rupture disposées en regard des interfaces des éléments du sabot.The front ring has breaking initiators arranged opposite the interfaces of the elements of the shoe.

Un mode de réalisation particulier sera maintenant décrit à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale selon AA de la figure 2, représentant le projectile quittant le tube de lancement,
  • la figure 2 est une vue suivant F de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue longitudinale montrant la première phase d'ouverture du sabot,
  • la figure 4 est une vue suivant F de la figure 3,
  • la figure 5 est une vue longitudinale montrant la deuxième phase d'ouverture du sabot,
  • la figure 6 est une vue suivant F de la figure 5,
  • la figure 7 est une vue longitudinale montrant la phase finale de séparation du sabot.
A particular embodiment will now be described by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section along AA of FIG. 2, representing the projectile leaving the launching tube,
  • FIG. 2 is a view along F of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal view showing the first phase of opening the shoe,
  • FIG. 4 is a view along F of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal view showing the second phase of opening the shoe,
  • FIG. 6 is a view along F of FIG. 5,
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal view showing the final phase of separation of the shoe.

La figure 1 représente, en trait fin, la flèche 1 munie de son empennage stabilisateur 2, à la sortie du tube de lancement 3. Le sabot de lancement 4 comprend trois éléments 4a, 4b et 4c en contact avec la flèche par l'intermédiaire d'un filetage 5 permettant la transmission des forces de propulsion.FIG. 1 represents, in a thin line, the arrow 1 provided with its stabilizing stabilizer 2, at the outlet of the launching tube 3. The launching shoe 4 comprises three elements 4a, 4b and 4c in contact with the arrow via a thread 5 allowing the transmission of the propulsion forces.

Le sabot 4 est composé d'une part d'une plaque de poussée 6 soumise à la pression des gaz de propulsion et, d'autre part d'une plaque de guidage 7 utilisée pour le guidage du projectile dans le tube de lancement.The shoe 4 is composed on the one hand of a thrust plate 6 subjected to the pressure of the propellant gases and, on the other hand of a guide plate 7 used for guiding the projectile in the launching tube.

Les plaques 6 et 7 sont solidarisées à l'aide d'une partie tubulaire 8 se prolongeant en arrière de la plaque de poussée 6 par la partie 8a et au niveau de la plaque de guidage par la partie 8b.The plates 6 and 7 are secured by means of a tubular part 8 extending behind the push plate 6 by the part 8a and at the level of the guide plate by the part 8b.

Selon une technique connue de l'homme de l'art, l'étanchéité entre le tube de lancement et le sabot proprement dit est réalisée par une ceinture d'étanchéité 9 disposée dans une gorge circulaire 10 réalisée sur la plaque de poussée. Dans le dispositif selon l'invention, cette ceinture a également pour fonction d'assurer la cohésion et le verrouillage arrière des éléments du sabot. Une bague 11 est placée dans une gorge circulaire 12 pratiquée à l'intérieur de la plaque de guidage 7 ; elle assure le maintien et la cohésion de la partie avant des éléments du sabot. Un dégagement 13 a été usiné concentriquement au filetage de liaison 5. Ce dégagement 13 offre un jeu entre le projectile et le sabot de lancement, jeu dont la fonction sera explicitée ultérieurement.According to a technique known to those skilled in the art, the seal between the launch tube and the shoe itself is produced by a sealing belt 9 arranged in a circular groove 10 produced on the thrust plate. In the device according to the invention, this belt also has the function of ensuring cohesion and rear locking of the elements of the shoe. A ring 11 is placed in a circular groove 12 formed inside the guide plate 7; it ensures the maintenance and cohesion of the front part of the hoof elements. A clearance 13 has been machined concentrically with the connecting thread 5. This clearance 13 provides a clearance between the projectile and the launch pad, clearance whose function will be explained later.

Le mode d'ouverture du sabot de ce projectile est le suivant. A la sortie du tube de lancement 3, les gaz de propulsion représentés par les flèches 14 exercent une pression sur la partie arrière des éléments du sabot. Cette pression a pour effet de solliciter l'ouverture arrière des éléments du sabot, alors que la partie avant de ce dernier est toujours verrouillée par la bague 11. Lorsque les efforts exercés à la partie arrière du sabot sont suffisants, la ceinture d'étanchéité 9 est rompue et permet l'ouverture par l'arrière. Dans le cas d'un tir à l'aide d'un tube rayé ou faiblement rayé, les efforts centrifuges se conjuguent avec les effets de la pression des gaz de propulsion pour solliciter l'ouverture du sabot par l'arrière et pour rompre le verrouillage réalisé par la ceinture 9. Dans ce dernier cas on voit que la bague avant n'est pas soumise aux effets centrifuges étant donné qu'elle se trouve logée dans une rainure annulaire disposée à l'intérieur de la plaque de guidage 7. L'ouverture de la partie arrière du sabot de lancement est réalisée par rotation autour des axes 15 passant par les points de rotation 16, représentés sur la figure 4. Lors de cette ouverture arrière, la bague avant est soumise à des efforts de traction et de flexion utilisés pour la rompre (figure 3). Cette rupture est réalisée lorsque l'angle d'ouverture arrière optimal est atteint, et elle a lieu au droit des points de rotation 16. Pour faciliter cette rupture, des amorces de fragilisation peuvent être réalisées sur la bague avant 11. L'ouverture arrière s'accompagne immédiatement de la séparation sabot-projectile (voir figures 3 et 4). Pour cela, les points de rotation 16 sont situés en avant de l'extrémité avant de la partie tubulaire 8b. Cette séparation est aussi favorisée par la présence du dégagement 13 usiné à l'intérieur de la partie tubulaire 8b. A la figure 4 on voit la séparation 17 du sabot et de la flèche pendant la phase d'ouverture arrière du sabot.The method of opening the shoe of this projectile is as follows. At the outlet of the launch tube 3, the propellant gases represented by the arrows 14 exert pressure on the rear part of the elements of the shoe. This pressure has the effect of requesting the rear opening of the elements of the shoe, while the front part of the latter is always locked by the ring 11. When the forces exerted on the rear part of the shoe are sufficient, the sealing belt 9 is broken and allows the opening from the rear. In the case of a shot using a striped or slightly scratched tube, the centrifugal forces combine with the effects of the pressure of the propellant gases to request the opening of the shoe from the rear and to break the locking effected by the belt 9. In the latter case it can be seen that the front ring is not subjected to centrifugal effects since it is housed in an annular groove disposed inside the guide plate 7. L opening of the rear part of the launching shoe is carried out by rotation around the axes 15 passing through the points of rotation 16, shown in FIG. 4. During this rear opening, the front ring is subjected to tensile and bending used to break it (Figure 3). This rupture is carried out when the optimal rear opening angle is reached, and it takes place at the right of the points of rotation 16. To facilitate this rupture, primers of embrittlement can be produced on the front ring 11. The rear opening immediately accompanied by hoof-projectile separation (see figures 3 and 4). For this, the points of rotation 16 are located in front of the front end of the tubular part 8b. This separation is also favored by the presence of the clearance 13 machined inside the tubular part 8b. In Figure 4 we see the separation 17 of the shoe and the arrow during the rear opening phase of the shoe.

Lorsque la liaison avant, réalisée par la bague 11 est rompue, la pression aérodynamique 18 due à la vitesse du projectile génère des forces radiales sur les éléments du sabot. Ces forces permettent l'ouverture de l'avant (voir figures 5 et 6) puis l'éjection complète du sabot (voir figure 7).When the front link, produced by the ring 11 is broken, the aerodynamic pressure 18 due to the speed of the projectile generates radial forces on the elements of the shoe. These forces allow the opening of the front (see Figures 5 and 6) and the complete ejection of the shoe (see Figure 7).

Le fait que l'ouverture de la partie arrière du sabot s'effectue sans appui sur le projectile est un avantage considérable permettant d'améliorer de façon surprenante la précision du tir, car la flèche ne subit pas à l'ouverture du sabot de chocs susceptibles d'augmenter sa dispersion.The fact that the opening of the rear part of the hoof takes place without pressing on the projectile is a considerable advantage making it possible to surprisingly improve the accuracy of the shooting, because the arrow is not subjected to the opening of the hoof from shocks likely to increase its dispersion.

Claims (9)

1. A process for opening the launch sabot used for propulsion and guidance of a kinetic energy sub-projectile (1) of the Armor Piercing, Fin Stabilized, Discarding Sabot (AP.FS.DS) type with a sabot (4) comprising several components (4a, 4b, 4c), characterized by the fact that the opening takes place in two main phases : a first phase consisting of the sabot aft section opening through the discarding of the components while the fore section is still locked. and a second phase consisting of the fore section opening after full unlocking of the components, the opening of the aft section being followed up by the separation of the sub-projectile (1) from the sabot fore section.
2. A process for opening a launch sabot (4) used for propulsion and guidance of a kinetic energy sub-projectile (1) of the AP.FS.DS type, this sabot including several components (4a, 4b, 4c) and consisting of a tubular section (8) enclosing the sub-projectile, a first so-called thrust plate (6) located in the rear vicinity of the tubular section and subjected to the propelling gas pressure, and a second so-called guide plate (7) located in the front vicinity of the tubular section, an opening process characterized by the fact that, the sabot being fitted with front connecting means and rear connecting means between its components, its opening takes place in two main phases : a first phase consisting of the aft section opening through the rupture of the rear connecting means (9) and the discarding of the components, the fore section being still locked by the front connecting means (11), and a second phase consisting of the fore section opening through the rupture of the front connecting means (11), thus after full unlocking of the components, the sabot aft section opening being followed up by the separation 'of the sub-projectile from the sabot fore section.
3. A kinetic energy projectile of the AP.FS.DS type, propelled by means of a launch sabot (4) consisting of a tubular section (8) enclosing the core, a first so-called thrust plate (6) located in the rear vicinity of the tubular section and subjected to the propelling gas pressure, and a second so-called guide plate (7) in the front vicinity of the tubular section, a projectile intended for implementing the process according to claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the sabot includes connecting means (9, 11) between the components, such means being located on the sabot fore section, on the one hand, and on the sabot aft section, on the other hand, and by the fact that the aft section connecting means break up before the fore section connecting means so that the sabot opens from aft to fore.
4. A projectile according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the sabot front connecting means (11) break up as a result of the sabot aft section opening.
5. A projectile according to any of claims 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the aft section connecting means consist of a retaining band enclosing the thrust plate.
6. A projectile according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterized by the fact that the connecting means of the sabot fore section consist of a ring (11) located near the guide plate (7).
7. A projectile according to any of claims 3 to 6, characterized by the fact that the rotation points of the components are located ahead of the fore end of the tubular section enclosing the sub-projectile.
8. A projectile according to any of claims 3 to 7, characterized by the fact that the rotation points of the components are located ahead of the ring (11) constituting the locking means of the sabot fore section.
9. A projectile according to any of claims 3 to 8, characterized by the fact that the fore ring (11) includes starting points of fracture located in front of the interfaces of the sabot components.
EP83400283A 1982-02-16 1983-02-10 Sabot for a subcaliber projectile Expired EP0086711B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400283T ATE14792T1 (en) 1982-02-16 1983-02-10 SAVINGS CAUSE FOR UNDER-CALIBRE PROJECTILE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8202470 1982-02-16
FR8202470A FR2521717B1 (en) 1982-02-16 1982-02-16 CINETIC ENERGY PROJECTILE AND LAUNCHING METHOD THEREOF

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0086711A1 EP0086711A1 (en) 1983-08-24
EP0086711B1 true EP0086711B1 (en) 1985-08-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400283A Expired EP0086711B1 (en) 1982-02-16 1983-02-10 Sabot for a subcaliber projectile

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EP (1) EP0086711B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE14792T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3360493D1 (en)
ES (1) ES519048A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2521717B1 (en)
NO (1) NO152063C (en)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3314749A1 (en) * 1983-04-23 1984-10-25 L'Etat Français représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement, Paris SEGMENTED DRIVING CAGE
DE3909836A1 (en) * 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Diehl Gmbh & Co DRIVING POT FOR SWIRL-STABILIZED SUB-CALIBAR FLOORS
FR2665764B1 (en) * 1990-08-13 1994-09-30 Giat Ind Sa PROJECTILE COMPRISING A SHOE CONSISTING OF SEVERAL ELEMENTS.
DE4206217C2 (en) * 1992-02-28 1997-08-14 Rheinmetall Ind Ag Sub-caliber balancing projectile
FR2708730B1 (en) * 1993-08-06 1995-10-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude Launcher with controlled separation of elements for ammunition.
FR2784177B1 (en) * 1998-10-01 2005-09-16 Giat Ind Sa SABOT FOR PROJECTILE UNDER SIZE
USH1999H1 (en) * 1999-03-03 2001-11-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Tuning saboted projectile performance through bourrelet modification
FR2835602B1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2006-11-10 Giat Ind Sa SABOT FOR MUNITION ARROW
FR2844589B1 (en) 2002-09-16 2006-05-19 Giat Ind Sa PROJECTILE UNDER SIZE WITH REPORTED GUIDE PART
FR2906360B1 (en) 2006-09-22 2010-11-12 Giat Ind Sa PROJECTILE UNDER SIZE COMPRISING AN ASYMMETRIC SHAFT.
FR2948185A1 (en) 2009-07-20 2011-01-21 Nexter Munitions DEVICE FOR CONNECTING CONCORDANCE OF SHAPE BETWEEN A SHOE AND A BAR OF A PROJECTILE
FR2987891B1 (en) 2012-03-06 2014-09-26 Nexter Munitions PROJECTILE UNDER CALIBER HAVING A DRAINED HEAD STRUCTURE
FR3039266B1 (en) 2015-07-22 2017-09-01 Cime Bocuze PENETRATOR HAVING A CORE SURROUNDED BY A DUCTILE SHEATH AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A PENETRATOR
FR3110687B1 (en) 2020-05-20 2022-05-27 Nexter Munitions Sub-caliber projectile and method for neutralizing a target using such a projectile.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2996010A (en) * 1944-06-30 1961-08-15 Rudolph O Frantik Projectile
US3905299A (en) * 1972-08-08 1975-09-16 Pacific Technica Corp Discarding sabot projectiles
US4187783A (en) * 1978-03-13 1980-02-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Discarding sabot munition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8309003A1 (en) 1983-11-01
ES519048A0 (en) 1983-11-01
DE3360493D1 (en) 1985-09-12
EP0086711A1 (en) 1983-08-24
NO152063B (en) 1985-04-15
NO830505L (en) 1983-08-17
FR2521717A1 (en) 1983-08-19
NO152063C (en) 1985-07-24
FR2521717B1 (en) 1986-11-21
ATE14792T1 (en) 1985-08-15

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