EP0084428A1 - Abris - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0084428A1
EP0084428A1 EP83300136A EP83300136A EP0084428A1 EP 0084428 A1 EP0084428 A1 EP 0084428A1 EP 83300136 A EP83300136 A EP 83300136A EP 83300136 A EP83300136 A EP 83300136A EP 0084428 A1 EP0084428 A1 EP 0084428A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shelter
membrane
framework
resilient material
impermeable membrane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83300136A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Daniel Dowling Hickey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lawborough Consultants Ltd
Original Assignee
Lawborough Consultants Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lawborough Consultants Ltd filed Critical Lawborough Consultants Ltd
Publication of EP0084428A1 publication Critical patent/EP0084428A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls

Definitions

  • This invention relates to shelters for use particularly against the effects of nuclear weapons.
  • the shelter structure is therefore designed to support the weight of-such a covering.
  • a soil covered structure gives protection against light and heat radiation. Protection against primary nuclear radiation and flash can thus be achieved for people not in the immediate neighbourhood of a nuclear explosion by the provision of a soil covered structure provided that structure will withstand the blast effects.
  • the -shelter For protection against fall-out radiation, the -shelter must be airtight and have a suitable air filtration system. Suitable air filters and air pumps are readily available and it is generally considered desirable to use a simple manually operable pump to provide exercise for people within a shelter.
  • the present invention is directed to the provision of a form of shelter which can readily be erected to form an airtight structure and which, when covered with a layer of earth, sand, gravel or the like, is capable of giving a large measure of protection in regions where radiation effects are the primary threat to survival.
  • the shelter of the present invention can readily be made suitable for "do-it-yourself" construction.
  • a shelter comprises a load-bearing skeleton structure surrounded by an impermeable membrane with a layer of resilient material between the membrane and the skeleton structure, a closable access opening through the membrane and resilient material and air supply means for supplying air for breathing to the interior of the structure.
  • the skeleton structure conveniently is a metal framework, for example formed of steel tubes or of corrugated or flat plates.
  • the framework is preferably shaped to define a structure having generally curved surfaces at least around the upper and side parts of the structure. It is generally convenient however for the structure to have a substantially flat base.
  • a generally rounded external shape for the shelter is desirable for withstanding blast.
  • a metal mesh or other support for the resilient material is preferably provided between the skeleton structure and the resilient material.
  • the impermeable membrane may be formed of a butyl rubber or other flexible polymeric material.
  • the impermeable membrane over the skeleton structure serves to reduce the moisture content of the air inside the shelter, particularly when used in conjunction with a dessicant, so minimising corrosion of the load-bearing structure.
  • the impermeable membrane may be fabricated as a bag having an access opening, in which case the framework is taken in through the access opening and erected inside the bag.
  • the impermeable membrane may be formed in more than one unit, e.g. a base sheet and an upper sheet, which sheets are bonded together or sealed together with airtight seals.
  • Such seals may be formed for example by using an inflatable tube or by using an airtight zip fastener.
  • the access opening may likewise be sealed with an airtight zip fastener or with an inflatable seal.
  • the parts of the impermeable membrane and/or the access opening are sealed by provision of moulded edges which are mechanically clamped together.
  • Provision of fresh air inside the shelter may be effected in the known way.
  • pump means may be provided for drawing air from outside the shelter through a filter; such pump means may have a manually operable mechanical drive and/or an electrical drive powered from a battery or batteries.
  • the type of shelter described above might typically be erected on a rigid base, for example the floor of a garage but the completely surrounding impermeable membrane extending underneath the framework as well as around the upper parts will.serve to keep the interior of the shelter dry even-it the shelter is exposed to weather or erected on damp ground.or if moist sand or earth covers or lies around the shelter or if the shelter is partially or completely buried beneath the ground surface.
  • the structure has a covering of earth or sand or gravel or other particulate material. It will be readily appreciated that the amount of protection against radiation will depend on the thickness of the covering. Even 150 mm of earth will give a substantial measure of protection. Preferably however a much thicker layer of earth or gravel or sand, for example 1 to 1.25 metres thick - would be provided. The user, after erecting the shelter, would put on as much cover as possible in the circumstances.
  • the structural members are arranged to permit of limited deformation of the structure under loads, for example either by resilience of individual structural members or by the provision of separate springs or other resilient elements, preferably with means for limiting deflection of the structure.
  • the type of structure described above can be designed to withstand a substantial pressure wave from blast, particularly if the shelter is partially or completely beneath the ground surface.
  • the structure may deform under the pressure wave. This in itself leads to a further advantage when the shelter is covered with a layer of earth.
  • the earth becomes compacted and forms a solid earth arch capable of withstanding significant external pressure loading.
  • the shelter is erected on firm ground, for example a concrete base 10 with a layer 11 of sand or gravel to form a bed.
  • the shelter comprises essentially an outer impermeable barrier 12 and an inner skeleton structure 13 with foam padding 14 between the skeleton structure and the outer barrier 12.
  • the skeleton structure 13 defines a generally curved assembly having a flat base but with no sharp angles apart from where the sides meet the base.
  • the structure is conveniently elongate with curved ends, e.g. of a generally elliptical form.
  • the struts 17 towards the side of the structure are conveniently arranged as supports for bunks.
  • the struts and other structural members are conveniently metal tubes which may be secured together by the use of clamps, for example clamps of the type described in U.K.Patent Specification No.1491242 in which the clamps grip the tubes and are locked against slipping along the tubes.
  • this padding which is of non-flammable material, is to provide a support for the outer membrane barrier 12.
  • This is of flexible or semi-flexible material chosen to be resistant to light, ozone, ultraviolet radiation and soil acids. A number of materials are available which might typically have a life of at least 15 years without significant corrosion or deterioration.
  • the foam padding 14 not only provides a resilient support for the membrane 12 but also creates an airspace between the internal structure and the membrane. This gives a measure of shock wave attenuation and also provides insulation reducing the temperature gradient and therefore reducing the amount of condensation and precipitation within the shelter. Old tyres from automobiles and the like may be used between the support structure and the membrane 12 in addition to or alternatively to the foam padding material for this purpose.
  • the membrane 12 may be formed as a complete bag having an access opening closable by a flap or a separate member, conveniently of the same material as the membrane 12, the flap or other closure being sealable to.the main membrane structure to form an airtight assembly.
  • the seal may be effected by an airtight zip or by an inflatable tube to form a pressure seal or by a mechanical clamping arrangement.
  • the membrane 12 may be more convenient however to form the membrane 12 of two or more sheets of impermeable material which are sealed together after the sheets have been positioned under and over the skeleton structure 13 with its foam padding 14.
  • a battery-powered pump however is preferably also provided.
  • Preferably a plurality of external openings are used for entry and exit of air; this not only provides some safeguard in case of damage to an individual opening but also facilitates construction as the smaller sizes of the openings reduces the forces due to blast pressure on any one opening.
  • the unit thus far described if erected inside a house or garage, would, on its own provide protection against residual radiation and also against attack by gas or biological weapons.
  • the whole structure is covered in earth, sand or.aggregate as shown at 22.
  • Even 150 mm of sand or earth will give a significant amount of protection but preferably this outer covering is of the order of 1 to 1.25 metres thick.
  • this outer covering is of the order of 1 to 1.25 metres thick.
  • the blast pressure waves from a nuclear explosion can cause fracturing of a rigid structure and it is preferable to make the structural assembly such that it has a significant amount of "give". Subsidence of the soil may also cause fracturing of a rigid assembly by excessive local loads, particularly with heavy coverings of earth or sand.
  • the structural members are arranged to permit of deformation of the structure. This may be done in various ways. Referring to Figure 2 there is shown one example of a curved load-bearing upright member 30 to give support in a vertical direction on a horizontal upper member 31, the lower end of the member 30 resting on a horizontal member 32.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate constructions in which a certain amount of "give” is permitted by the use of springs.
  • Figure 3 shows two telescopically arranged tubes 40, 41 with a compression spring 42 limiting the travel of the tube 40 inside the tube 41.
  • Figure 4 shows a construction in which two load-bearing tubes 50, 51 are axially aligned and are telescopically arranged over an inner guide tube 52.
  • a compression spring 53 between the ends of the tubes 50, 51 limits their relative movement.
  • Structural components such as have been shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 may be used for the main load-bearing elements in the skeleton structure 13 of Figure 1.
  • the entrance to the shelter may be constructed as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the shelter structure has a door assembly 60 located within a passage 61 through the earth covering 22.
  • This passage 61 leads towards a blast wall 62, of concrete, earth etc, giving protection against blast forces down the passage 61.
  • a transverse passage 63 beside the wall 62 are outward opening doors 64, 65 each hinged along one of its side edges 66 and angled so that it closes under its own weight.
  • one of the doors 64, 65 may be jammed tightly shut but the other door will open and reclose under its own weight, acting as a relief valve for preventing excessive pressure along the passage 61.
  • the passages 61 and 63 may have roofs, i.e.
  • the door assembly 60 in passage 61 preferably is constructed as one inwardly opening door 68 and another outwardly opening door 67 in a single door frame, preferably as heavy steel doors, the doors being covered with rubber or like resilient material on their facing surfaces.
  • the doors 68, 67 are arranged so that, when closed towards one another, the rubber faces bite on the edge of a flange 69 in the door frame.
  • the doors initially are mechanically latched in the closed position but, by means of an air pump, the space between the doors is evacuated or partially evacuated to give a vacuum holding the doors together in sealing engagement with the door frame.
  • shelter may readily be assembled from a kit of component parts together with locally available materials such as earth or sand and without requiring any special tools other than those commonly available to householders.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
EP83300136A 1982-01-12 1983-01-11 Abris Withdrawn EP0084428A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08200855A GB2113269B (en) 1982-01-12 1982-01-12 Nuclear shelter
GB8200855 1982-01-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0084428A1 true EP0084428A1 (fr) 1983-07-27

Family

ID=10527589

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83300136A Withdrawn EP0084428A1 (fr) 1982-01-12 1983-01-11 Abris

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0084428A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2113269B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191006A2 (fr) * 1985-02-06 1986-08-13 Gösta Lindstén Dispositif pour abris
EP0257016A2 (fr) * 1986-07-24 1988-02-24 Hermann Stöger Dispositif écran comme protection contre les radiations, gaz toxiques ou similaires

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB478671A (en) * 1936-07-23 1938-01-24 James Thorburn Muirhead Improved form of air raid shelter
FR855851A (fr) * 1939-02-04 1940-05-22 Abri en béton armé contre les bombardements
US2773459A (en) * 1950-09-23 1956-12-11 Paul S Sechy Protective wall for use against radiation and explosive forces
GB1137182A (en) * 1965-01-14 1968-12-18 Sidney Marsh Cadwell Shelter for protection from explosion shock waves
GB2043735A (en) * 1979-03-01 1980-10-08 Allwell A Tents adapted to be buried

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB478671A (en) * 1936-07-23 1938-01-24 James Thorburn Muirhead Improved form of air raid shelter
FR855851A (fr) * 1939-02-04 1940-05-22 Abri en béton armé contre les bombardements
US2773459A (en) * 1950-09-23 1956-12-11 Paul S Sechy Protective wall for use against radiation and explosive forces
GB1137182A (en) * 1965-01-14 1968-12-18 Sidney Marsh Cadwell Shelter for protection from explosion shock waves
GB2043735A (en) * 1979-03-01 1980-10-08 Allwell A Tents adapted to be buried

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191006A2 (fr) * 1985-02-06 1986-08-13 Gösta Lindstén Dispositif pour abris
EP0191006A3 (fr) * 1985-02-06 1987-08-26 Gösta Lindstén Dispositif pour abris
EP0257016A2 (fr) * 1986-07-24 1988-02-24 Hermann Stöger Dispositif écran comme protection contre les radiations, gaz toxiques ou similaires
EP0257016A3 (fr) * 1986-07-24 1990-03-14 Hermann Stöger Dispositif écran comme protection contre les radiations, gaz toxiques ou similaires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2113269B (en) 1985-03-27
GB2113269A (en) 1983-08-03

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE DE GB SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19840118

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19860310

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: HICKEY, CHRISTOPHER DANIEL DOWLING