EP0084163A1

EP0084163A1 - Lifting beam with suction cups

Info

Publication number: EP0084163A1
Application number: EP82111992A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Egon Lubas
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1981-12-29
Filing date: 1982-12-24
Publication date: 1983-07-27
Also published as: DE3278137D1; DE3151772A1; EP0084163B1; DE3151772C2; ATE32597T1

Abstract

1. Lifting bar with suction elements (12), which each have a suction plate connected to a vacuum line and a suction frame (15), fastened to the underside of said suction plate, which suction frame consists of a flexible material and a longitudinally running rigid armouring (17) which is connected thereto and serves for fastening on the suction plate, the suction plate consisting of two hinge-connected plate parts (14) to each of which an armouring (17a, 17b) is assigned, characterized in that the armourings (17a, 17b) are embedded in the flexible material and are connected to each other on the narrow sides by a likewise embedded flexible reinforcement (21), and in that the reinforcement (21) allows for a displaceability of the armourings (17a, 17b) transversely to each other.

Description

1. lifting traverse with suction bodies, each having a suction plate connected to a vacuum line and a suction frame attached to the underside thereof, the suction frame being made of an elastic material in which a rigid reinforcement serving for attachment to the suction plate is embedded, characterized in that that the suction frame (29,37) on those sides which run in the circumferential direction of the same when placed on a tubular casing, the edge of the suction plate (28,36), forming an adaptation area (33,40.) free of the rigid reinforcement (30,38) ) towers over.
2. lifting traverse according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction plate (14,28,36) in the circumferential direction of a pipe jacket to be raised is arcuate or V-shaped.
3. lifting traverse according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the suction frame sides in the adaptation areas (40) in plan view of the suction frame (37) or in the radial direction of a tube also extend in an arc shape.
4. lifting traverse according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction frame (29) in the adaptation areas (33) has a greater height than below the suction plate (28).
5. lifting crossbar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction frame (15,29,37) in the adaptation areas (33,40) is provided with an embedded elastic stiffener (21).
6. lifting traverse according to claim 5, characterized in that the elastic stiffening (21,22) with the rigid reinforcement (17,30,38) is in connection.
7. lifting traverse according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adaptation areas (33) of the suction frame (29) are supported by an externally acting shell (34).
8.Lifting traverse with suction bodies, each having a suction plate connected to a vacuum line and a suction frame attached to the underside thereof, the suction frame being made of an elastic material in which a rigid reinforcement serving for attachment to the suction plate is embedded, in particular after one or Several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction plate is subdivided into plate parts (14) which can be pivoted relative to one another and in that a rigid frame (17) forming the reinforcement and embedded in the suction frame (15) in the transition area between the plate parts (14) interrupted or divided by means of an elastically resilient intermediate piece (21).
9. lifting traverse according to claim 8, characterized in that the plate parts (14) in the circumferential direction to one lifting tube run in an arc.
10. lifting traverse according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the plate parts (14) are interconnected by at least one flexible connecting element (23) forming the axis.
11. lifting traverse according to claim 10, characterized in that the connecting element between the plate parts (14) and the suction frame (15) is arranged and has the shape of a tab, a plate (23) or a frame.
12. lifting traverse according to claim 10, characterized in that the suction frame (15) forms a suction cup together with an elastic bottom and that the bottom serves as a flexible connecting element.
13. lifting traverse according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that on the top of a plate part (14) at least one, the other plate part (14) overlapping tab (25) is fixed, by means of which the plate parts (14) in radial Support direction against each other.
14. Lifting crossmember according to claim 13, characterized in that tabs (25) are fastened alternately on the one and on the other plate part (14) along the adjacent plate part sides.

Claims

The invention relates to a lifting crossmember with suction bodies, each having a suction plate connected to a vacuum line and a suction frame attached to the underside thereof, the suction frame consisting of an elastic material in which a reinforcement serving for attachment to the suction plate is embedded.

Such lifting beams are used, among other things. also used for lifting plates, sheets and pipes. If plates, sheets or other objects are to be lifted that offer the suction frame an essentially flat support surface, suction plates can be used, the suction frame of which also has a corresponding profile.

If, however, pipes are to be lifted, the use of suction frames has hitherto been necessary, which must be at least approximately matched to the pipe radius on the sides coming to rest on the pipes in the circumferential direction. This means that in each case a replacement of the suction pressure frame or possibly the complete suction body is required if pipes of different diameters are to be lifted with the lifting crossbar.

In the suction frame made of elastic material, a reinforcement has so far been embedded, which has the shape of a rigid frame running around the entire circumference of the suction frame. This is screwed to the suction plate at specified intervals and ensures that the suction frame fits tightly against the suction plate. This frame in turn gives the suction frame a stiffness that does not allow it to be adapted to different pipe radii, or at most only to a very small extent. If you want to lift pipes with a lifting crossbar that have different radii in a ratio of 1: 4 or in an even larger ratio, a correspondingly large number of different suction frames must be available. This results in an extremely great technical outlay, because the suction frames must each be produced in suitable shapes, which in turn are very expensive.

It was therefore an object of the present invention to design the suction bodies of a lifting crossbar in such a way that each suction body can be used for lifting pipes of different diameters.

According to the invention, a first possibility for solving this problem is that the suction frame projects beyond the edge of the suction plate on those sides which extend in the circumferential direction when it is placed against a tubular casing, forming an adaptation area free of the rigid reinforcement.

These adaptation areas give the suction frame an elasticity that enables adaptation to pipe jackets of different radii. Despite this Elasticity ensures a reliable and sufficiently tight fit of the suction frame.

It is advantageous according to the invention if the suction plate runs in an arc shape in the circumferential direction of a pipe jacket to be lifted or is V-shaped. As a result, the adaptation area of the suction frame, which adapts to this shape and protrudes beyond the suction plate, is given a correspondingly curved shape which, on the one hand, gives the adaptation area of the suction frame in the direction of support increased rigidity, but on the other hand does not adversely affect the elasticity, so that the adaptation to radii that differ even more in is guaranteed reliably.

These properties are further improved if, according to the invention, the suction frame sides are curved in the adaptation areas. This results in a particularly uniform application of the suction frame adaptation areas to the respective pipe jacket.

If the suction plate is curved in the circumferential direction or is V-shaped and the suction frame sides are curved in the adjustment areas as mentioned, the function of the suction frame in the adjustment areas can be compared to the function of a leaf spring:

However, it is also conceivable according to the invention that the suction frame has a greater height in the adaptation areas than below the suction plate. Due to the greater height, the suction frame has a correspondingly greater material thickness in the adjustment areas. This means that a correspondingly longer path is available for the elastic yielding of the material stands, so that the adaptability to different radii is further improved. Seen in isolation, the larger material height in the adjustment area can be compared with the effect of a correspondingly long compression spring. It is of course also conceivable to combine this effect with the previously described effect of a leaf spring.

Rigid reinforcement is therefore not available in the particularly elastic adaptation areas. However, it can be advantageous if the suction frame is provided with an embedded elastic stiffener in the adaptation areas. This in turn can be connected to the rigid reinforcement of the suction frame, which is located in the area of the suction plate.

Irrespective of this, it can be advantageous in individual cases if the adaptation areas of the suction frame are supported by a shell acting from the outside. This is particularly worth considering if the adaptation areas have a greater height or a correspondingly thicker material layer than the rest of the suction frame. Such a shell can be easily connected to the suction plate.

However, there is still another possibility of achieving the desired adaptability to different radii without the adaptation areas projecting beyond the suction plate being absolutely necessary for this.

This further possibility according to the invention consists in that the suction plate is divided into plate parts pivotable relative to one another and that a reinforcing rigid frame embedded in the suction frame is interrupted in the transition area between the plate parts or by means of an elastically resilient intermediate piece is divided.

The suction plate can also be divided into more than two plate parts, but in general a relatively good adaptability is already achieved with the division into two plate parts. Due to the now possible pivoting movement of the plate parts against each other and a corresponding elasticity of the suction frame in this pivoting range, the desired adaptability can also be achieved. In this embodiment, too, it can be advantageous if the plate parts run in an arcuate or V-shaped manner in the circumferential direction of a pipe to be lifted, the V-shape opening downward.

According to the invention, the plate parts are connected to one another by at least one flexible connecting element which forms the axis. This is generally more convenient than a fixed articulation between the plate parts. It is also advantageous according to the invention if the connecting element is arranged between the plate parts and the suction frame and has the shape of a tab, a plate or a frame.

Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the suction frame forms a suction cup together with an elastic base and that the base serves as a flexible connecting element. In other words, the plate and the suction frame mentioned in connection with the previously described embodiment can consist of one piece.

According to the invention, it can also be advantageous if at least one tab overlapping the other plate part is attached to the top of a plate part, by means of which the plate parts are supported against each other. With such a support that is effective in the radial direction, at least slight displaceability of the plate parts relative to one another in the circumferential direction remains possible. It is advantageous here if tabs are alternately fastened to one and the other plate part along the adjacent plate part sides, so that there is a uniform support and relative mobility along the plate part sides.

Some particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to a drawing. In detail show: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the overall view of a lifting traverse;

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a section through an absorbent body in a first embodiment;

Figure 3 is a plan view of the absorbent body shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a plan view of a reinforcement embedded in a suction frame and part of the suction frame;

Figure 5 is a plan view of part of a suction body in a modified embodiment;

FIG. 6 shows a section along the line VI / VI in FIG. 5;

Figu :: 7 is a plan view of part of a suction body in a next embodiment;

FIG. 8 shows a section along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7.

Several individual cross members 11 are suspended from a lifting cross member 10 shown in FIG. In turn, three suction bodies 12 hang on each crossmember 11, each of which is connected to a vacuum system, not shown here. A tube 13 is to be lifted with the lifting traverse 10. The suction bodies 12 are described in detail below.

Each suction body 12 has a suction plate formed from two plate parts 14 and a suction frame 15. This is made of rubber or a suitable elastic plastic. The lower edge of the suction frame 15 is lip-shaped. 15 further sealing lips 16 connect inwards on the underside of the suction frame.

A frame 17 made of section steel is embedded in the suction frame 15 and is provided with threaded nuts 18 arranged at a distance from one another. These are closed on their underside to prevent the screw bolts inserted from the top of the plate parts 14 from being screwed in too far.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the frame 17 is interrupted on its narrow sides. The two frame parts are each connected by an elastic intermediate piece, which consists of three to each other parallel spring bars 21 and a part 22 connecting them. The spring bars 21 enable the suction frame parts adjacent to both sides to be bent apart elastically. Furthermore, the spring bars 21 engage in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the associated parts of the frame 17, so that when the elastic material surrounding the frame 17 is later deformed, it is possible to move the latter and the frame parts without crushing or wrinkling in the material. When the suction frame is brought into its final shape by this deformation, the spring bars 21 allow the suction frame parts adjacent to their two sides to be elastically bent apart to adapt to different pipe diameters.

On the top of the suction frame 15, a plate 23 is placed, which can also consist of rubber or an elastic plastic and which complements the suction frame 15 to form a suction cup. The plate 23 is screwed to the underside of the plate parts 14 with the aid of holding rods 24.

Tabs 25 are welded to the top of the plate parts 14. The tabs 25 are alternately on the one and the other plate part 14 firmly and reach over the other plate part 14. Thus, the plate parts 14 can be supported against one another in the radial direction outward via the tabs 15, while this movement takes place about an imaginary axis which lies approximately in the area of the plate 23.

The described suction body 12 can therefore not only be used for lifting pipes whose radius corresponds to the shape of the suction frame 15 on its underside. If the absorbent body 12 is placed on pipes with larger radii, its plate parts 14 will already swing apart due to the weight of the absorbent body 12. The suction frame 15 will initially rest with its lower lip-shaped edge on the respective tube. Then, when the suction pressure is switched on, the suction body 12 pulls towards the pipe until finally the sealing lips 16 rest on the pipe jacket and seal the suction body 12 so completely that no significant suction pressure is lost. A connection opening 26 can be seen in FIG. 3, through which the negative pressure is supplied.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6, a suction body 27 which is also approximately rectangular in plan has a suction plate 28 and a suction frame 29. In the latter, a stiffening 30 *> is embedded, which has the same structure as the frame 17 in the previously described embodiment can have and the somi also has threaded nuts 31 into which screw bolts 32 can be screwed in from the upper side of the suction plate 28. In this case, the stiffening 30 runs however, only on the two parallel longitudinal edges of the suction body 27.

In contrast, the narrow sides are designed as adaptation areas 33, in which the suction frame 29 is several times the height of its parts running along the longitudinal edges. On the underside, the suction frame 29 is also provided in the adaptation area 33 with sealing lips 16 running around the entire circumference, which are surrounded on the outside by a suction frame edge in the form of a long lip. The adaptation areas 33 on the two narrow sides of the suction body 27 or the suction frame 29 create a particularly soft, elastic sealing area in any case still good sealing, which on the one hand enables adaptation to different pipe radii, while on the other hand the suction body 28 also on a level surface Bodies such as plates, sheets or the like can lie sealingly. It is therefore not necessary at all due to this embodiment to replace a suction body 27, for example previously used for lifting plates, with a suction body of a different shape when pipes are to be lifted. Starting from maximum radii, the suction body 27 and its suction frame 29 can also be used to lift pipes which have a radius of only 100 mm or less.

Regardless of whether plates or pipes are lifted, the load-bearing capacity of a suction body 27 will essentially only be determined by the size of that base area _/ which corresponds to the part of the suction frame 29 lying under the suction plate 28. The adaptation region 33 on the two sides of the suction body 27, which is supported from the outside by an outer, semicircular shell 34, will not have to be taken into account when determining the load-bearing surfaces. This also applies if, as with the Aus shown here leadership example, the shell 34 is structurally connected to the suction plate 28. The suction frame 29 can be connected in its adaptation areas 33 to the underside of the respectively assigned shell 34 by gluing. However, it is also conceivable to embed a metal profile with threaded nuts in the adaptation region 33 as close as possible to the shell 34 and also to fasten the adaptation regions 33 by screwing in the same way as in the remaining part of the suction frame 29 on the suction plate 28.

The elastic material of the suction frame 29 can also be given an increased softness and elasticity in the adaptation areas 33 by weakening the cross-sectional part above the sealing lips 16 by means of corresponding recesses or by embedding a different material at these points which is also softer than that Suction frame 29 and material forming the adaptation areas 33.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 and 8, a suction body 35 has a suction plate 36 and a suction frame 37. In this, a frame 38 is embedded, which is provided with threaded nuts 39 and has a cross-sectional shape similar to that of the frame 15 in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS to 4. However, since the suction plate 36 is now in one piece, the frame 38 is closed and rigid over its entire circumference. The suction plate 36, like the suction plate 28 and the shells 34 assigned to them in the adaptation areas, has an arcuate course which corresponds approximately to that of a suction plate formed by the two plate parts 14 in the exemplary embodiment described first.

The suction frame 37 of the suction body 35 has on the narrow sides of the same adaptation areas 14 of one approximately semi-circular base and a shape that can be compared with that of a spherical shell part. The elastic material of the suction frame 37 is under a prestress in the adaptation regions 40, which is brought about by the bending of the material to the circular arc shape predetermined by the suction plate 36. The adaptation regions 4o are therefore preloaded in a similar manner to that which corresponds to the function of a leaf spring.

In order to increase the elasticity in the adaptation areas 4o, elastic elements made of spring steel, for example, can be embedded in these. These elements can extend up to the frame 38 and, if necessary, be connected to it. It would be conceivable, for example, to provide the adaptation regions 40 with resilient elements, the construction of which is similar to the construction of the frame 17 on the narrow sides in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 2 to 4.

In this case as well, the suction frame 37 is lip-shaped in the outer edge region and is provided on the inside with three sealing lips 16.

For the usability of this embodiment, what has been said about the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 applies accordingly.

The suction frames 15, 29 and 37 can also have a closed bottom and thus be pot-shaped or cup-shaped. The bottom then serves at the same time as a seal, like the rest of the plate 23 in the first described embodiment can simultaneously take on the function of a seal.

If, in the rest, in connection with the invention one speaks of a lifting traverse, this should also be understood to mean any individual suspension of absorbent bodies with the aid of brackets, hooks or the like.
List of reference numbers:

10 lifting traverse

11 traverse

12 suction bodies

13 tube

14 plate part

15 suction frames

16 sealing lip

17 frames

18 threaded nut

19 bolts

21 spring rod

22 part

23 plate

24 landing stage

25 tab

26 connection opening

27 absorbent body

28 suction plate

29 suction frame

30 stiffening

31 threaded nut

32 bolts

33 Adjustment range

34 bowl

35 absorbent body

36 suction plates

37 suction frame

38 frames

39 threaded nut

40 adjustment range