EP0084163B1 - Lifting beam with suction cups - Google Patents

Lifting beam with suction cups Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0084163B1
EP0084163B1 EP82111992A EP82111992A EP0084163B1 EP 0084163 B1 EP0084163 B1 EP 0084163B1 EP 82111992 A EP82111992 A EP 82111992A EP 82111992 A EP82111992 A EP 82111992A EP 0084163 B1 EP0084163 B1 EP 0084163B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
plate
lifting bar
frame
bar according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82111992A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0084163A1 (en
Inventor
Egon Lubas
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT82111992T priority Critical patent/ATE32597T1/en
Publication of EP0084163A1 publication Critical patent/EP0084163A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0281—Rectangular or square shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0231—Special lip configurations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/02—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by suction means
    • B66C1/0287—Other shapes, e.g. triangular or oval

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)

Abstract

1. Lifting bar with suction elements (12), which each have a suction plate connected to a vacuum line and a suction frame (15), fastened to the underside of said suction plate, which suction frame consists of a flexible material and a longitudinally running rigid armouring (17) which is connected thereto and serves for fastening on the suction plate, the suction plate consisting of two hinge-connected plate parts (14) to each of which an armouring (17a, 17b) is assigned, characterized in that the armourings (17a, 17b) are embedded in the flexible material and are connected to each other on the narrow sides by a likewise embedded flexible reinforcement (21), and in that the reinforcement (21) allows for a displaceability of the armourings (17a, 17b) transversely to each other.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hubtraverse mit Saugkörpern, die jeweils einen an eine Unterdruckleitung angeschlossenen Saugteller und einen an der Unterseite desselben befestigten Saugrahmen aufweisen, der aus einem elastischen Material und einer damit in Verbindung stehenden und zur Befestigung am Saugteller dienenden in Längsrichtung verlaufenden starren Armierung besteht, wobei der Saugteller aus zwei gelenkig miteinander verbundenen Tellerteilen besteht, denen jeweils eine Armierung zugeordnet ist.The invention relates to a lifting traverse with absorbent bodies, each of which has a suction plate connected to a vacuum line and a suction frame attached to the underside thereof, which consists of an elastic material and a rigid armoring connected to it and serving for attachment to the suction plate. wherein the suction plate consists of two articulated plate parts, each with a reinforcement is assigned.

Zum Anheben von Rohren sind Saugrahmen bekannt, die an den in Umfangsrichtung auf den Rohren zur Auflage kommenden Stirnseiten dem Rohrradius zumindest angenähert angepaßt sein müssen. Dies bedeutet, daß jeweils ein Auswechseln der Saugdruckrahmen oder gegebenenfalls der vollständigen Saugkörper erforderlich ist, wenn mit der Hubtraverse wahlweise Rohre von unterschiedlichem Durchmesser gehoben werden sollen.Suction frames are known for lifting pipes, which must be at least approximately adapted to the pipe radius on the end faces which rest on the pipes in the circumferential direction. This means that in each case a replacement of the suction pressure frame or possibly the complete suction body is required if pipes of different diameters are to be lifted with the lifting crossbar.

Um ein häufiges Auswechseln der Saugdruckrahmen zu vermeiden, ist es aus der DE-B-23 57 206 bekannt, die Armierung des Rahmens durch eine Anzahl flacher, starrer Versteifungsrippen zu bilden, die parallel zueinander verlaufen und in den Boden des Saugtellers eingebettet sind. Die Elastizität des Saugtellermaterials ermöglicht ein Biegen des ganzen Saugtellers bzw. seines Rahmens um eine zur Längsachse der Versteifungsrippen parallele Achse. Die Versteifungsrippen sind mit einem System aus zueinander gelenkig angeordneten Hebelarmen verbunden, die nach dem Auflegen des Saugrahmens beispielsweise auf ein Rohr arretiert werden und damit bewirken, daß der Saugteller entsprechend dem jeweils vorhandenen bogenförmigen Verlauf des zu hebenden Rohres starr und formsteif wird. Dies führt zu einem großen technischen Aufwand. Ferner ist die Hubtraverse schwer zu handhaben und erfordert einen erheblichen Raumbedarf.In order to avoid frequent replacement of the suction pressure frame, it is known from DE-B-23 57 206 to form the reinforcement of the frame by a number of flat, rigid stiffening ribs which run parallel to one another and are embedded in the base of the suction plate. The elasticity of the suction plate material enables the entire suction plate or its frame to be bent about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stiffening ribs. The stiffening ribs are connected to a system of mutually articulated lever arms which, for example, are locked onto a pipe after the suction frame has been placed on them and thus cause the suction plate to become rigid and rigid in accordance with the arcuate course of the pipe to be lifted. This leads to a great technical effort. Furthermore, the lifting traverse is difficult to handle and requires a considerable amount of space.

Aus der US-A-3 227 462 ist eine Hubtraverse mit Saugkörpern der eingangs genannten Art bekannt, dessen zwei Teile um eine zur Längsachse parallele Achse zueinander verschwenkbar sind, um den Durchmesser des Saugtellers in radialer Richtung anzupassen. Eine zuverlässige Abdichtung zwischen dem Saugrahmen und dem anzuhebenden Rohr gleichmäßig an allen Stellen des Saugrahmenumfanges ist allenfalls dann erreichbar, wenn der Saugteller genau kreisbogenförmig ist. In allen anderen Fällen lassen sich ein gleichmäßiger Auflagedruck und eine zuverlässige Abdichtung nicht erreichen, insbesondere nicht im Bereich der in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Seiten des Saugrahmens. Ferner ist bei dieser Konstruktion eine gelenkige Befestigung der Saugrahmenteile aneinander unbedingt erforderlich.From US-A-3 227 462 a lifting traverse with suction bodies of the type mentioned is known, the two parts of which can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis to adjust the diameter of the suction plate in the radial direction. A reliable seal between the suction frame and the pipe to be lifted evenly at all points on the circumference of the suction frame can only be achieved if the suction plate is precisely circular. In all other cases, a uniform contact pressure and a reliable seal cannot be achieved, in particular not in the region of the sides of the suction frame that run in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, an articulated fastening of the suction frame parts to one another is absolutely necessary in this construction.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Hubtraverse bei einfachster Konstruktion so auszubilden, daß sich jeder Saugkörper zum Heben von Rohren unterschiedlichen Durchmessers verwenden läßt.It is an object of the present invention to design a lifting traverse with the simplest construction so that each suction body can be used to lift pipes of different diameters.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Armierungen im elastischen Material eingebettet und an den Schmalseiten durch eine ebenfalls eingebettete elastische Versteifung miteinander in Verbindung stehen, und daß die Versteifung eine Verschiebbarkeit der Armierungen quer zueinander zuläßt.This object is achieved in that the reinforcements are embedded in the elastic material and are connected to one another on the narrow sides by a likewise embedded elastic reinforcement, and that the reinforcement allows the reinforcements to be displaceable transversely to one another.

Die größere Nachgiebigkeit des Saugrahmens an den Schmal- oder Stirnseiten wird dadurch erreicht, daß sich hier das elastische Material des Saugrahmens stark zusammendrücken läßt, da an diesen Seiten die Armierungen biegbar und verschieblich sind. Eine größere Nachgiebigkeit an den Schmal- oder Stirnseiten durch den Saugrahmen zu erreichen, führt dazu, daß die Konstruktion besonders einfach sein kann und eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit erreicht wird. Durch diese Anpassungsbereiche erhält der Saugrahmen bei einfachster Konstruktion eine Elastizität, die eine Anpassung an Rohrmäntel von unterschiedlichen Radien ermöglicht. Trotz dieser Elastizität ist ein zuverlässiges und ausreichend dichtes Anliegen des Saugrahmens gewährleistet.The greater flexibility of the suction frame on the narrow or end faces is achieved in that the elastic material of the suction frame can be strongly compressed here, since the reinforcements on these sides are bendable and displaceable. Achieving greater flexibility on the narrow or end faces through the suction frame means that the construction can be particularly simple and high reliability is achieved. These adaptation areas give the suction frame, with the simplest construction, an elasticity that enables adaptation to pipe jackets of different radii. Despite this elasticity, a reliable and sufficiently tight fit of the suction frame is guaranteed.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angeführt.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims.

Nachfolgend wird eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Im einzelnen zeigen:

  • Figur 1 in schematischer Darstellung die Gesamtansicht einer Hubtraverse;
  • Figur 2 in schematischer Darstellung einen Schnitt durch einen Saugkörper;
  • Figur 3 eine Draufsicht auf den in Figur 2 dargestellten Saugkörper;
  • Figur 4 eine Draufsicht auf eine in einen Saugrahmen eingebettete Armierung und einen Teil des Saugrahmens.
A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to drawings. In detail show:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the overall view of a lifting traverse;
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a section through an absorbent body;
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the absorbent body shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of a reinforcement embedded in a suction frame and part of the suction frame.

An einer in Figur 1 dargestellten Hubtraverse 10 sind mehrere einzelne Traversen 11 aufgehängt. An jeder Traverse 11 wiederum hängen drei Saugkörper 12, die jeweils an ein hier nicht dargestelltes Unterdrucksystem angeschlossen sind. Mit der Hubtraverse 10 soll ein Rohr 13 gehoben werden. Die Saugkörper 12 werden nachfolgend im einzelnen beschrieben.Several individual cross members 11 are suspended from a lifting cross member 10 shown in FIG. In turn, three suction bodies 12 hang on each cross member 11, each of which is connected to a vacuum system, not shown here. A tube 13 is to be lifted with the lifting crossmember 10. The suction bodies 12 are described in detail below.

Jeder Saugkörper 12 hat einen aus zwei Tellerteilen 14 gebildeten Saugteller und einen Saugrahmen 15. Dieser besteht aus Gummi oder einem geeigneten elastischen Kunststoff. Der untere Rand des Saugrahmens 15 ist lippenförmig ausgebildet. Nach innen schließen an der Unterseite des Saugrahmens 15 weitere Dichtlippen 16 an.Each suction body 12 has a suction plate formed from two plate parts 14 and a suction frame 15. This is made of rubber or a suitable elastic plastic. The lower edge of the suction frame 15 is lip-shaped. 15 further sealing lips 16 connect inwards on the underside of the suction frame.

In den Saugrahmen 15 ist ein aus Profilstahl bestehender Rahmen 17 eingebettet, der mit im Abstand voneinander angeordneten Gewindemuttern 18 versehen ist. Diese sind an ihrer Unterseite geschlossen, um ein zu weites Einschrauben der von der Oberseite der Tellerteile 14 hindurchgesteckten Schraubbolzen zu verhindern.A frame 17 made of section steel is embedded in the suction frame 15 and is provided with threaded nuts 18 arranged at a distance from one another. These are closed on their underside in order to screw in too far from the top of the Prevent plate parts 14 inserted bolts.

Der Rahmen 17 ist, wie Figur 4 erkennen läßt, an seinen Schmalseiten unterbrochen. Die beiden Rahmen- bzw. Armierungsteile 17a, 17b sind jeweils durch ein elastisches Zwischenstück miteinander verbunden, das aus drei zueinander parallelen Federstäben 21 und einem diese verbindenden Teil 22 besteht. Die Federstäbe 21 ermöglichen ein elastisches Auseinanderbiegen der zu beiden Federstäbe angrenzenden Saugrahmenteile. Ferner greifen die Federstäbe 21 längsverschiebbar in die zugeordneten Teile des Rahmen 17 ein, so daß bei einer späteren Verformung des den Rahmen 17 umgebenden elastischen Materials eine Verschiebbarkeit zwischen diesem und den Rahmenteilen ohne ein Quetschen oder eine Faltenbildung in dem Material möglich ist. Wenn der Saugrahmen durch diese Verformung in die endgültige Form gebracht ist, ermöglichen die Federstäbe 21 ein elastisches Auseinanderbiegen der zu ihren beiden Seiten angrenzenden Saugrahmenteile zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Rohrdurchmesser.As can be seen in FIG. 4, the frame 17 is interrupted on its narrow sides. The two frame or reinforcement parts 17a, 17b are each connected by an elastic intermediate piece, which consists of three mutually parallel spring bars 21 and a part 22 connecting them. The spring bars 21 allow the suction frame parts adjacent to the two spring bars to be elastically bent apart. Furthermore, the spring bars 21 engage in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the associated parts of the frame 17, so that when the elastic material surrounding the frame 17 is later deformed, it is possible to move the latter and the frame parts without crushing or wrinkling in the material. When the suction frame is brought into its final shape by this deformation, the spring bars 21 allow the suction frame parts adjacent to their two sides to be elastically bent apart to adapt to different pipe diameters.

Auf die Oberseite des Saugrahmens 15 ist eine Platte 23 aufgelegt, die ebenfalls aus Gummi oder einem elastischen Kunststoff bestehen kann und die den Saugrahmen 15 zu einem Saugtopf ergänzt. Die Platte 23 ist mit Hilfe von Haltestäben 24 an der Unterseite der Tellerteile 14 verschraubt.On the top of the suction frame 15, a plate 23 is placed, which can also consist of rubber or an elastic plastic and which complements the suction frame 15 to form a suction cup. The plate 23 is screwed to the underside of the plate parts 14 with the aid of holding rods 24.

An die Oberseite der Tellerteile 14 sind Laschen 25 angeschweißt. Die Laschen 25 sind abwechselnd an dem einen und dem anderen Tellerteil 14 fest und greifen auf den anderen Tellerteil 14 hinüber. Somit können sich die Tellerteile 14 in radialer Richtung nach außen über die Laschen 15 gegeneinander abstützen, während diese Bewegung um eine gedachte Achse erfolgt, die etwa im Bereich der Platte 23 liegt.Tabs 25 are welded to the top of the plate parts 14. The tabs 25 are alternately fixed to one and the other plate part 14 and reach over the other plate part 14. Thus, the plate parts 14 can be supported against one another in the radial direction outward via the tabs 15, while this movement takes place about an imaginary axis which lies approximately in the area of the plate 23.

Der beschriebene Saugkörper 12 kann also nicht nur zum Heben von Rohren verwendet werden, deren Radius der Form des Saugrahmens 15 an seiner Unterseite entspricht. Wenn der Saugkörper 12 auf Rohre mit größeren Radien aufgesetzt wird, werden seine Tellerteile 14 bereits aufgrund des Eigengewichtes des Saugkörpers 12 auseinanderschwenken. Der Saugrahmen 15 wird zunächst mit seinem unteren lippenförmigen Rand auf dem jeweiligen Rohr aufliegen. Wenn dann der Saugdruck eingeschaltet wird, zieht sich der Saugkörper 12 an das Rohr heran, bis schließlich auch die Dichtlippen 16 auf dem Rohrmantel aufliegen und den Saugkörper 12 so vollständig abdichten, daß kein nennenswerter Saugdruck mehr verloren geht. In Figur 3 ist eine Anschlußöffnung 26 erkennbar, über die der Unterdruck zugeführt wird.The described suction body 12 can therefore not only be used for lifting pipes whose radius corresponds to the shape of the suction frame 15 on its underside. If the absorbent body 12 is placed on pipes with larger radii, its plate parts 14 will already swing apart due to the weight of the absorbent body 12. The suction frame 15 will initially rest with its lower lip-shaped edge on the respective tube. Then, when the suction pressure is switched on, the suction body 12 pulls towards the pipe until finally the sealing lips 16 rest on the pipe jacket and seal the suction body 12 so completely that no significant suction pressure is lost. A connection opening 26 can be seen in FIG. 3, through which the negative pressure is supplied.

Um die Elastizität in den Anpassungsbereichen zu erhöhen, können in diese elastische Elemente zum Beispiel aus Federstahl eingebettet werden. Diese Elemente können sich bis zu dem Rahmen erstrecken und gegebenenfalls mit diesem verbunden sein.In order to increase the elasticity in the adjustment areas, elastic elements made of spring steel, for example, can be embedded in these. These elements can extend to the frame and, if necessary, be connected to it.

Die Saugrahmen 15 können auch einen geschlossenen Boden haben und somit topf-oder napfförmig ausgebildet sein. Der Boden dient dann gleichzeitig als Abdichtung, wie im übrigen auch die Platte 23 gleichzeitig die Funktion einer Dichtung übernehmen kann.The suction frames 15 can also have a closed base and thus be pot-shaped or cup-shaped. The bottom then simultaneously serves as a seal, as can the plate 23, at the same time, also assume the function of a seal.

Wenn im übrigen im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung von einer Hubtraverse gesprochen wird, so soll hierunter auch eine beliebige Einzelaufhängung von Saugkörpern mit Hilfe von Bügeln, Haken oder dergleichen verstanden werden.If, in the rest, in connection with the invention one speaks of a lifting crossbeam, this should also be understood to mean any individual suspension of absorbent bodies with the aid of brackets, hooks or the like.

Claims (8)

1. Lifting bar with suction elements (12), which each have a suction plate connected to a vacuum line and a suction frame (15), fastened to the underside of said suction plate, which suction frame consists of a flexible material and a longitudinally running rigid armouring (17) which is connected thereto and serves for fastening on the suction plate, the suction plate consisting of two hinge-connected plate parts (14) to each of which an armouring (17a, 17b) is assigned, characterized in that the armourings (17a, 17b) are embedded in the flexible material and are connected to each other on the narrow sides by a likewise embedded flexible reinforcement (21), and in that the reinfortement (21) allows for a displaceability of the armourings (17a, 17b) transversely to each other.
2. Lifting bar according to Claim 1,
characterized in that the reinforcement (21) is formed by a flexible intermediate piece.
3. Lifting bar according to Claim 2,
characterized in that the reinforcement (21) consists of three parallel spring bars and a part (22) connecting the latter.
4. Lifting bar according to Claim 3,
characterized in that the spring bars engage longitudinally displaceably in the assigned armouring parts (17a, 17b).
5. Lifting bar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plate parts (14) are connected to one another by at least one flexible connecting element (23), forming the axis.
6. Lifting bar according to Claim 5,
characterized in that the connecting element (23) is arranged between the plate parts (14) and the suction frame (15) and has the shape of a strap, a plate or a frame.
7. Lifting bar according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one strap (25) is fastened on the upperside of one plate part (14), overlapping the other plate part (14), by means of which strap the plate parts (14) are supported one against the other in radial direction.
8. Lifting bar according to Claim 7,
characterized in that straps (25) are alternately fastened on the one and on the other plate part (14) along the neighbouring plate part sides.
EP82111992A 1981-12-29 1982-12-24 Lifting beam with suction cups Expired EP0084163B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82111992T ATE32597T1 (en) 1981-12-29 1982-12-24 LIFTING TRANSOM WITH SUCTION BODIES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3151772 1981-12-29
DE3151772A DE3151772C2 (en) 1981-12-29 1981-12-29 Lifting crossbeam with suction cups

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0084163A1 EP0084163A1 (en) 1983-07-27
EP0084163B1 true EP0084163B1 (en) 1988-02-24

Family

ID=6149942

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82111992A Expired EP0084163B1 (en) 1981-12-29 1982-12-24 Lifting beam with suction cups

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0084163B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE32597T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3151772C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4401870C1 (en) * 1994-01-22 1995-07-06 Paul Lingen Vacuum lifting plate
US20170218915A1 (en) * 2016-02-01 2017-08-03 General Electric Company Lifting Device for a Wind Turbine Rotor Blade
EP3228428A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-11 KEURO Besitz GmbH & Co. EDV-Dienstleistungs KG Suction gripper for a handling device
CN114014139B (en) * 2021-11-24 2024-04-19 江苏科技大学 Marine three-dimensional curved plate carrying device

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3227482A (en) * 1963-03-27 1966-01-04 Hyster Co Vacuum head construction and method
US3367705A (en) * 1965-08-03 1968-02-06 Whiting Corp Hinged vacuum roll gripper
DE2140911C3 (en) * 1971-08-16 1978-07-20 Vacu-Lift Maschinenbaugesellschaft Mbh, 4407 Emsdetten Vacuum lifting device
DE2225859A1 (en) * 1972-05-27 1973-12-06 Vacu Lift Maschbau VACUUM LIFTING DEVICE FOR LIFTING BODIES WITH A CYLINDRICAL SURFACE
DE2212966A1 (en) * 1972-03-17 1973-09-20 Ernst Reinartz SUCTION LIFTS, IN PARTICULAR FOR PIPES
US3833251A (en) * 1972-10-06 1974-09-03 Aerovac Corp Longitudinally stiffened flexible lifter for arcuate objects
DE2357206B2 (en) * 1973-11-16 1977-06-08 Vacu-Lift Maschinenbaugesellschaft Mbh, 4407 Emsdetten VACUUM LIFTER WITH ADJUSTABLE ADHESIVE CUP

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3151772C2 (en) 1983-11-10
EP0084163A1 (en) 1983-07-27
ATE32597T1 (en) 1988-03-15
DE3278137D1 (en) 1988-03-31
DE3151772A1 (en) 1983-07-14

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