EP0079256A1 - Static, dynamic and mechanical suction device for gases - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum cleaner for gaseous fluids. Such a vacuum cleaner comprises mechanical primary means (17) for extracting fluid, static secondary means (2,3) for extracting fluid and possibly control means (20) for the primary means (17). The secondary means comprise a lower element (2) and an upper element (3) superimposed, coaxial, rigidly fixed to each other, at a certain distance from each other by at least one spacer (4) the lower element (2) comprising a lower bottom (6) and a lower cap (7) each of them having a pseudo-frustoconical shape, the upper element (3) comprising an upper bottom (14) and an upper cap (15) each of them having a pseudo-frustoconical shape, the bottom (6) and the cap (7) of the lower element (2) being traversed coaxially by a pipe (1) which is integral with them. The invention is applicable to the extraction of gas released from a chimney.

Description

The invention relates to a device for vacuuming gaseous, static, dynamic and mechanical fluid, in particular gas or fumes discharged from a chimney or any outlet with a substantially vertical axis.

Vacuum cleaners are already known which are turrets composed of a hollow cap, a pipe which is integral with it and which is generally placed above the chimney, and means for extracting gaseous fluid.

In general, these extraction means consist of one or more blades rotating around the longitudinal axis of the turret, by means of a motor, in particular an electric motor. The means for extracting the gaseous fluid can be constituted by blades or a centrifugal turbine equipped for example with a two-speed motor, single-phase, etc. Such turrets have several disadvantages. The first drawback is that the hat has edges with a concavity directed downwards, or inclined downwards. The wind can rush in, depending on its direction, inside the cap and have an effect contrary to the device for accelerating the rejected gases, which results in a flow of the rejected gases lower than the desired flow. The same drawbacks are found on turrets called "vertical jets", in the case of downwind.

Thus, depending on the wind direction, the gas flow reje tees may vary. Furthermore, a drawback lies in the fact that it is necessary to supply energy, for example electrical, to the motor so that it can rotate the blades or the centrifugal turbine.

Devices are also known comprising a fan consisting of a first upper part formed by a conical internal surface and a rounded external surface and a second lower part formed by a conical internal surface and an external surface. rounded. The first and second parts make it possible to extract the gaseous fluid statically. Such a device is described in particular in American patents No. 3,447,147 and No. 3,382,792. In addition, in these devices, a propeller actuated by a motor is placed in the lower part. This propeller is much larger in diameter than the diameter of the fluid supply duct to be extracted. As a result, this duct is cut at the level of the lower part and the fluid to be extracted spreads inside the lower part, namely between the conical internal surface and the rounded external surface. As a result, the extraction of fluid is much less well, despite the presence of the propeller. In addition, this propeller rotates continuously. Thus, the flow rate of extracted gas is not constant because the wind which rushes into the device can vary in speed over time.

The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks. More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide a device aspirating gaseous fluids so that the flow rate of rejected fluids is adjusted to a desired value.

To this end, it offers a device for aspirating gaseous fluid, in particular of rejected gases or fumes, characterized in that it comprises in combination primary mechanical means for extracting gaseous fluid and static secondary means for extracting gaseous fluid cooperating so that the flow rate of extracted gaseous fluid is adjusted to a determined value.

More particularly, the device comprises in combination are primary mechanical means for extracting gaseous fluid, static secondary means for extracting gaseous fluid, control means which allow the mechanical means to pass from the active state in the passive state and vice versa and adjustment means acting on the mechanical means to maintain the nominal flow rate of extracted gas flow at a minimum value.

The primary mechanical means for extracting fluid consist of a centrifugal or helical turbine driven by a motor.

The static secondary means consist of a lower element and an upper element superimposed, coaxial, rigidly fixed to one another, at a certain distance from each other by at least one spacer, the lower element comprising a bottom bottom and a bottom cap, each of them having a pseudo-frustoconical shape, the upper element comprising a top bottom, and upper cap, each of them having a pseudo-frustoconical shape, the bottom and the cap of the 'lower element being traversed coaxially by a pipe which is integral with them, which opens into the space between the two elements by an outlet orifice for gaseous fluids.

• - de moyens de comparaison de cette valeur réelle et d'une valeur limite fixée.
• - de moyens d'émission de signal de commande des moyens primaires mécaniques, en fonction de la position relative de la valeur réelle par rapport à la valeur limite.

The control and adjustment means of the mechanical primary means consist of means for detecting the real value of the control parameter such as the wind pressure around the device or the pressure prevailing inside the device

• - means for comparing this real value and a fixed limit value.
• - Control signal transmission means of the mechanical primary means, as a function of the relative position of the actual value with respect to the limit value.

The primary mechanical means for extracting fluid are active as long as the flow rate of rejected fluid has not reached the desired minimum limit value and passive when the flow rate has reached this minimum value.

The device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to save energy which is currently becoming increasingly rare and more expensive. Indeed, devices of the venturi type comprising a lower element and an upper element each consisting of a cap and a bottom, make it possible to further increase the flow rate of fluid extracted by mechanical means. In addition, when the wind has a sufficient force, the mechanical means are inactive, which saves money.

• La figure 1 est une vue schématique du dispositif selon l'invention, les moyens mécaniques d'extraction de fluide étant une turbine centrifuge ; la figure 2 est une vue schématique du dispositif selon l'invention, les moyens mécaniques étant constitués par une turbine hélicoïde.

The invention will be better understood with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• Figure 1 is a schematic view of the device according to the invention, the mechanical means for extracting fluid being a centrifugal turbine; Figure 2 is a schematic view of the device according to the invention, the mechanical means being constituted by a helical turbine.

The gaseous fluid suction device comprises in combination a pipe 1, a circular hollow lower element 2, with which it is made integral.

The device according to the invention consists of primary mechanical means 17 for extracting fluid, means static secondary fluid extraction devices constituted by a venturi type device comprising a lower element 2 and an upper element 3.

The primary means 17 are more particularly constituted by a centrifugal turbine 18 (Figure 1) shown only schematically, not in itself part of the invention, within the reach of ordinary skill in the art. The turbine 18 is powered by a motor 13, for example two-speed, single-phase or explosion-proof, etc.

It also includes secondary extraction means constituted by a hollow and circular upper element 3 placed at a certain distance from the lower element 2 by one or more rods 4 or spacers. The lower element 2 consists of a lower bottom 6 and a lower cap 7, each of them having a pseudo-conical shape of axis XX rigidly fixed to one another according to two large common bases 8 of circular outline. The pipe 1 coaxially crosses the bottom bottom 6 and the bottom cap 7.

The upper element 3 consists of an upper bottom 14 and an upper cap 15, each of them having a pseudo-conical shape. These two elements are associated with each other along their large circular contour base 16. More particularly, the lower bottom 6 and the lower cap 7 have the shape of a truncated cone. The diameter of the small base of these truncated cones is substantially equal to the diameter of the pipe 1. Furthermore, the upper bottom 14 also preferably has the shape of a truncated cone, in the case of the centrifugal turbine and a conical shape in the case of the helical turbine. The generatrices of the cones are inclined relative to a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis XX of the device with an angle a of between 10 and 45 °, preferably 17 and 20 °. The diameter of the large common bases 8 and 16 is between 2 to 3.5 times the diameter of pipe 1, preferably 2.5. Preferably, the difference d between the lower cap 7 and the upper bottom -14 calculated in line with the projection of the generator of the pipe 1 is between 0.35 and 0.8 times the diameter of the pipe 1, for example 0 , 5.

The spacers are joined to each other by a mesh screen, not shown, forming a cylindrical belt of axis XX.

The centrifugal turbine 18 sucks the gaseous fluids leaving the pipe 1 in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis XX of the device, in the direction directed towards the inside of the device (arrow F1) and rejects the gases in a direction perpendicular to the axis XX, directed towards the outside of the device (arrow F2). Furthermore, the secondary extraction means constituted by the venturi 2,3 reject the gases in the direction of the arrow F2.

• - de moyens de détection de la valeur réelle du paramètre de commande tel que la pression du vent autour du dispositif ou la pression régnant à l'intérieur du dispositif
• - de moyens de comparaison de cette valeur réelle et d'une valeur limite fixée
• - de moyens d'émission de signal de commande des moyens primaires mécaniques en fonction de la position relative de la valeur réelle par rapport à la valeur limite.

The device comprises control and adjustment means 20 of mechanical primary means 17 which are composed

• - means for detecting the real value of the control parameter such as the wind pressure around the device or the pressure prevailing inside the device
• - means of comparison of this real value and a fixed limit value
• - Control signal transmission means of the mechanical primary means as a function of the relative position of the actual value with respect to the limit value.

The control means 20 consist for example of a probe or a pressure switch. They are connected to the motor 19 to which they send pulses, in particular electrical.

A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2. The primary means of increasing flow 17 are constituted by a propeller 21 comprising in particular two blades 22 and 23, which can pivot around the longitudinal axis XX of the device. The blades 22 and 23 are driven by a motor 24 electrically connected to the control means 20 inside the pipe 1. The blades 22 and 23 are arranged inside the pipe 1 so that the gaseous fluid only penetrates into the conduit 1 and does not enter the part situated between the conduit 1 and the lower bottom 6 and the lower cap 7 of the lower element. The action of the venturi is therefore not diminished by the presence of the propeller blades. The blades 22, 23 of the propeller are located in the duct 1, at the level of the lower element 2.

The means 17 being constituted by a propeller, the latter rejects the fluids in a direction parallel to the axis XX.

The means 17 (namely the centrifugal turbine) if they reject the fluids in a direction perpendicular to the axis XX, are placed between the elements 2 and 3, so that the action of the primary mechanical extraction means 17 and secondary means 2 and 3 go in the same direction.

When the means 17 (namely the propeller 22, 23) reject the fluids in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis XX of the device they are placed inside the pipe 1. They therefore increase the flow rate of the fluid which passes through the pipe 1, while the means 17 which reject the fluids in a direction perpendicular to the axis XX, increase the flow rate of the gases leaving the pipe 1.

• Lorsque le vent est insuffisant pour obtenir un débit désiré de fluide rejeté, les moyens 17 primaires sont actifs, c'est-à-dire que les moteurs 19, 24 fonctionnent. Le débit de fluide sortant des moyens 17 primaires est augmenté par les moyens secondaires 2, 3.

The operation is as follows:

• When the wind is insufficient to obtain a desired flow rate of rejected fluid, the primary means 17 are active, that is to say that the motors 19, 24 operate. The flow of fluid leaving the primary means 17 is increased by secondary means 2, 3.

When the wind has a sufficient force, the flow of fluid leaving the device reaches the minimum desired value, and if it exceeds it, the primary extraction means 17 are then passive. The motors 19, 24 do not work, the control measuring device 20 then sending an electric control signal to these motors. The primary means 17, if they are constituted by a heli-cold turbine 21, are active but are driven by the upward speed created by the depression caused by the venturi system 2, 3. The propeller 21 rotates around its axis 25 .

• a) pour la turbine centrifuge, à un meilleur rendement de celle-ci, procuré par une amélioration de la pénétration des fluides gazeux extraits dans l'atmosphère, avec l'assurance de toujours obtenir un débit nominal déterminé. Donc, à moteur égal par rapport aux dispositifs connus, on obtient des débits plus importants correspondants.
• b) pour la turbine hélicoïde, on obtient de même une meilleure pénétration des fluides gazeux, dont à puissance de moteur égale, des débits plus importants, et en outre, on a la possibilité d'extraire naturellement, sans faire fonctionner le moteur, dès que la vitesse du vent est suffisante pour extraire le débit nominal fixé.

The advantages of applying the venturi to mechanical means 17 can be summarized:

• a) for the centrifugal turbine, at a better efficiency thereof, provided by an improvement in the penetration of gaseous fluids extracted into the atmosphere, with the assurance of always obtaining a determined nominal flow rate. Therefore, with an equal engine compared to known devices, corresponding higher flow rates are obtained.
• b) for the helical turbine, we also obtain a better penetration of gaseous fluids, which at equal engine power, higher flow rates, and in addition, we have the possibility of extracting naturally, without running the engine, as soon as that the wind speed is sufficient to extract the nominal flow rate set.

Claims (9)

1. Device for aspirating gaseous fluid, in particular of rejected gases or fumes, characterized in that it comprises mechanical primary means (17) of fluid extraction, static secondary means (2,3) of fluid and possibly control and adjustment means (20) making it possible to make the primary means (17) active or passive when the flow rate of gaseous fluid reaches a predetermined value. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the static secondary means are constituted by a lower element (2) and an upper element (3) superimposed, coaxial, rigidly fixed to each other, to a certain distance from each other by at least one spacer (4), the lower element (2) comprising a lower bottom (6) and a lower cap (7), each of them having a pseudo-frustoconical shape, the upper element (3) comprising an upper bottom (14) and an upper cap (15) each having a pseudo-frustoconical shape, the bottom (6) and the cap (7) of the lower element (2) being traversed coaxially by a pipe (1) which is integral with them, which opens into the space between the two elements (2, 3) through a gaseous fluid outlet orifice. 3. Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the primary mechanical extraction means (17) are active, when the desired flow rate of rejected fluid is less than a minimum desired value and are passive when the flow reaches the minimum value. 4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the secondary mechanical means (17) of flow consist of a turbine centrifugal (18) driven by a motor (19), the centrifugal impeller (18) being placed between the elements (2 and 3), coaxially with the device. 5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the primary mechanical means (17) consist of a helical turbine (21) comprising at least two blades (22, 23.) pivoting around the axis (25) coaxial with axis XX, the blades being driven by a motor (24) and being placed inside the pipe (1). 6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control and adjustment means (20) of the mechanical primary means (17) consist of: - means for detecting the actual value of the control parameter such as the wind pressure around the device or the vacuum prevailing inside the device, - means for comparing this real value and a fixed limit value, - Control signal transmission means of the mechanical primary means, as a function of the relative position of the actual value with respect to the limit value. 7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that when the means (17) consist of a centrifugal turbine, the upper bottom (14) has the shape of a truncated cone. 8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that when the means (17) consist of a helical turbine, the upper bottom (14) has a cone shape and the blades of the propeller are located in the duct 1, at the level of the lower element 2. 9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the difference d between the lower cap (7) and the upper bottom (14) calculated in line with the projection of the generator of the pipe (1 ) is between 0.35 and 0.8 times the diameter of the pipe (1), for example 0.5.

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