FR2855563A1 - Wind turbine, has median fairing centered on rotating axis of blades and defining convergent/divergent external static diffuser to concentrate air flow by end of blades - Google Patents
Wind turbine, has median fairing centered on rotating axis of blades and defining convergent/divergent external static diffuser to concentrate air flow by end of blades Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2855563A1 FR2855563A1 FR0306315A FR0306315A FR2855563A1 FR 2855563 A1 FR2855563 A1 FR 2855563A1 FR 0306315 A FR0306315 A FR 0306315A FR 0306315 A FR0306315 A FR 0306315A FR 2855563 A1 FR2855563 A1 FR 2855563A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- fairing
- wind turbine
- wind
- static diffuser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/10—Stators
- F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/10—Stators
- F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
- F05B2240/133—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines with a convergent-divergent guiding structure, e.g. a Venturi conduit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/98—Mounting on supporting structures or systems which is inflatable
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne une éolienne montée sur un mât vertical etThe present invention relates to a wind turbine mounted on a vertical mast and
comportant une hélice actionnée par le vent qui est équipée de pales mobiles en rotation autour d'un axe notamment horizontal ainsi qu'un alternateur coopérant avec l'hélice pour fournir de l'énergie électri5 que. comprising a wind-actuated propeller which is fitted with blades that rotate in rotation about an axis, in particular a horizontal axis, as well as an alternator cooperating with the propeller to supply electrical energy.
Les spécialistes cherchent depuis longtemps à récupérer l'énergie éolienne qui a l'avantage d'être propre, c'est-à-dire de ne pas engendrer de pollution thermique ou chimique et parallèlement d'être inépuisable. Specialists have long sought to recover wind energy which has the advantage of being clean, that is to say not to generate thermal or chemical pollution and at the same time to be inexhaustible.
Ces avantages sont toutefois compensés dans une large mesure par une série d'inconvénients en particulier liés au caractère dispersé et intermittent du vent; il est en outre bien connu que les " parcs " d'éoliennes consomment beaucoup d'espace et ne fonctionnent pas sans nuisances sonores. These advantages are, however, largely offset by a series of disadvantages, in particular linked to the dispersed and intermittent nature of the wind; it is also well known that wind farm "parks" consume a lot of space and do not operate without noise pollution.
Ces inconvénients font que le marché des éoliennes n'a pas connu ces dernières années l'essor auquel on aurait pu s'attendre et que les perspectives de développement dans ce domaine sont aujourd'hui très larges. These drawbacks mean that the wind turbine market has not experienced the growth that one would have expected in recent years and that the prospects for development in this area are very broad today.
De manière plus précise, les éoliennes actuellement utili20 sees sont fréquemment équipées d'hélices à pales radiales et à axe horizontal analogues à celles permettant la propulsion d'avions, mais en règle générale beaucoup plus grandes. More precisely, the wind turbines currently in use are frequently equipped with propellers with radial blades and with a horizontal axis similar to those allowing the propulsion of airplanes, but in general much larger.
De telles hélices coopèrent classiquement avec des dynamos ou des alternateurs industriels équipés d'entraînement multiplicateurs de 25 vitesse, ce qui les rend lourdes, coûteuses et de faible rendement. Such propellers conventionally cooperate with dynamos or industrial alternators fitted with speed multiplier drives, which makes them heavy, expensive and of low efficiency.
Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on a déjà proposé notamment conformément au document FR-2 793 528 une éolienne équipée de pales hélicoïdales inclinées vers l'amont portées par un gros moyeu ainsi que d'un carénage externe circulaire fixe de longueur relativement 30 faible monté concentriquement à l'axe de rotation des pales et entourant celles- ci à proximité de leurs extrémités. To overcome this drawback, a wind turbine has already been proposed, in particular in accordance with document FR-2 793 528, equipped with helical blades inclined upstream carried by a large hub as well as a fixed circular external fairing of relatively short length mounted. concentrically with the axis of rotation of the blades and surrounding them near their ends.
Dans une telle éolienne, le carénage comporte de préférence un bord d'attaque arrondi suivi d'une carène épaisse et d'un bord de fuite mince divergent. In such a wind turbine, the fairing preferably comprises a rounded leading edge followed by a thick hull and a divergent thin trailing edge.
Cette configuration particulière permet de concentrer le flux d'air et d'obtenir une accélération uniforme de ce flux au niveau de la surface circonscrite par les extrémités des pales. This particular configuration makes it possible to concentrate the air flow and to obtain a uniform acceleration of this flow at the level of the surface circumscribed by the ends of the blades.
Le carénage externe définit ainsi un diffuseur statique externe convergent / divergent qui permet d'obtenir une survitesse au droit des pales et augmente l'énergie transmise. The external fairing thus defines a convergent / divergent external static diffuser which makes it possible to obtain an overspeed in line with the blades and increases the transmitted energy.
La présente invention a pour objet d'améliorer la rentabilité 5 et les performances d'une éolienne du type susmentionné, c'est-à-dire d'une éolienne montée sur un mât vertical et comportant une hélice actionnée par le vent qui est équipée de pales mobiles en rotation autour d'un axe notamment horizontal, ainsi qu'un alternateur coopérant avec l'hélice pour fournir de l'énergie électrique et un carénage externe circulo laire fixe de longueur relativement faible monté concentriquement à l'axe de rotation des pales et entourant celles-ci. The object of the present invention is to improve the profitability and the performance of a wind turbine of the aforementioned type, that is to say of a wind turbine mounted on a vertical mast and comprising a wind powered propeller which is equipped blades movable in rotation about a particularly horizontal axis, as well as an alternator cooperating with the propeller to supply electrical energy and a relatively short fixed circular external fairing mounted concentrically with the axis of rotation of the blades. and surrounding blades.
L'idée à la base de l'invention a consisté à concentrer le flux d'air traversant la surface circonscrite par les extrémités des pales au niveau de celles-ci. The idea underlying the invention consisted in concentrating the air flow passing through the surface circumscribed by the ends of the blades at the level thereof.
En effet la zone voisine de l'extrémité des pales correspond à la zone efficace de l'éolienne, alors que l'air qui passe à la partie médiane de celle-ci est pratiquement inactif. In fact, the area near the end of the blades corresponds to the effective area of the wind turbine, while the air which passes to the middle part of the latter is practically inactive.
Selon l'invention, il est par suite proposé d'adjoindre un volume important à la partie médiane de l'éolienne, pour diminuer la sur20 face de passage du flux d'air et par suite augmenter sa vitesse. According to the invention, it is therefore proposed to add a large volume to the middle part of the wind turbine, to reduce the surface area of the passage of the air flow and consequently increase its speed.
Il est connu que lorsque la surface exposée au vent augmente, la vitesse du vent diminue et lorsque la surface exposée au vent diminue, la vitesse du vent augmente. It is known that when the surface exposed to the wind increases, the wind speed decreases and when the surface exposed to the wind decreases, the wind speed increases.
En conséquence, l'invention concerne une éolienne du type 25 susmentionné caractérisé en ce qu'elle comporte un carénage médian fixe centré sur l'axe de rotation des pales et constitué par un élément de revolution de gros diamètre comportant un nez aérodynamique de forme ovoïdale se prolongeant par un capot fuselé à sa partie avale considérée dans le sens du vent. Consequently, the invention relates to a wind turbine of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises a fixed median fairing centered on the axis of rotation of the blades and constituted by a large-diameter revolution element comprising an aerodynamic nose of ovoid shape. extending by a tapered hood at its downstream part considered in the wind direction.
Ce carénage médian définit un diffuseur statique interne divergent / convergent permettant de concentrer le flux d'air et donc l'énergie du vent au niveau de l'extrémité des pales en rotation. This median fairing defines a diverging / converging internal static diffuser making it possible to concentrate the air flow and therefore the wind energy at the end of the rotating blades.
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, le carénage médian est entouré d'un anneau rotatif monté 35 concentriquement et portant les pieds des pales. According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, the middle fairing is surrounded by a rotary ring mounted 35 concentrically and carrying the feet of the blades.
Pour augmenter la rentabilité de l'éolienne, cet anneau rotatif est de préférence monté dans la zone de diamètre maximum du carénage central. To increase the profitability of the wind turbine, this rotary ring is preferably mounted in the zone of maximum diameter of the central fairing.
Compte tenu de ce qui précède, les caractéristiques particulièrement avantageuses de l'éolienne qui fait l'objet de l'invention sont la conséquence de deux principes physiques à savoir d'une part le fait que dans une éolienne la transmission de l'énergie du vent est principalement 5 réalisée au niveau des extrémités des pales, et d'autre part le fait que la puissance entrant dans une éolienne est égale à la puissance qui en sort de sorte que la vitesse du vent est fonction de la surface qu'il traverse. In view of the above, the particularly advantageous characteristics of the wind turbine which is the subject of the invention are the consequence of two physical principles, namely on the one hand the fact that in a wind turbine the transmission of energy from the wind is mainly carried out at the ends of the blades, and on the other hand the fact that the power entering a wind turbine is equal to the power which leaves it so that the wind speed depends on the surface it crosses .
Pour cette raison, il est avantageux de diminuer autant que possible la surface exposée au flux d'air en concentrant celui-ci au niveau 10 de la périphérie de l'éolienne, c'est-à-dire au niveau du diffuseur statique externe situé à proximité des extrémités des pales, là o l'énergie du vent est utilisée de manière optimum. For this reason, it is advantageous to reduce as much as possible the surface exposed to the air flow by concentrating it at level 10 of the periphery of the wind turbine, that is to say at the level of the external static diffuser located near the ends of the blades, where wind energy is used optimally.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le carénage central est constitué par une structure gonflable, permettant ainsi de di15 minuer son poids au maximum. According to another characteristic of the invention, the central fairing is constituted by an inflatable structure, thus making it possible to reduce its weight as much as possible.
Il est à noter que l'invention pourrait également s'appliquer à une turbine hydraulique équipée de deux diffuseurs ayant une structure similaire. It should be noted that the invention could also apply to a hydraulic turbine equipped with two diffusers having a similar structure.
Les caractéristiques de l'éolienne qui fait l'objet de 20 l'invention seront décrites plus en détail en se référant au dessin annexé qui est une représentation schématique d'une telle éolienne. The characteristics of the wind turbine which is the subject of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the appended drawing which is a schematic representation of such a wind turbine.
Selon la figure, l'éolienne qui est montée sur un mât vertical non représenté comporte une hélice 1 orientée face au vent V et équipée d'un ensemble de pales 2 mobiles en rotation autour d'un axe horizontal 25 XX'. According to the figure, the wind turbine which is mounted on a vertical mast (not shown) comprises a propeller 1 oriented facing the wind V and equipped with a set of blades 2 movable in rotation about a horizontal axis 25 XX '.
L'hélice 1 coopère avec un alternateur non représenté lui permettant de fournir de l'énergie électrique. The propeller 1 cooperates with an alternator not shown allowing it to supply electrical energy.
L'hélice 1 est par ailleurs entourée d'un carénage externe circulaire fixe 3 de longueur ú relativement faible par rapport à son dia30 mètre, monté concentriquement à l'axe de rotation X-X' des pales 2 et entourant celles-ci à proximité immédiate de leur extrémité libre 4. The propeller 1 is also surrounded by a fixed circular external fairing 3 of length ú relatively small compared to its dia30 meter, mounted concentrically with the axis of rotation XX 'of the blades 2 and surrounding them in the immediate vicinity of their free end 4.
Le carénage 3 comporte un bord d'attaque arrondi 5 se prolongeant dans la direction du vent V par une carène épaisse 6 et par un bord de fuite mince divergent 7. The fairing 3 has a rounded leading edge 5 extending in the direction of the wind V by a thick hull 6 and by a thin diverging trailing edge 7.
Le carénage externe 3 définit ainsi un diffuseur statique externe convergent / divergent permettant de concentrer le flux d'air V sur une section S correspondant à la surface circonscrite par les extrémités 4 des pales 2. The external fairing 3 thus defines a convergent / divergent external static diffuser making it possible to concentrate the air flow V on a section S corresponding to the surface circumscribed by the ends 4 of the blades 2.
Selon la figure l'éolienne comporte également un carénage médian 8 centré sur l'axe de rotation X-X' des pales 2. According to the figure, the wind turbine also includes a middle fairing 8 centered on the axis of rotation XX 'of the blades 2.
Ce carénage médian 8 est constitué par un élément de révolution de gros diamètre comportant un nez aérodynamique 9 de forme 5 ovoïdale situé face au vent V et se prolongeant à sa partie avale, dans le sens du vent V par un capot fuselé 10. This middle fairing 8 is constituted by a large-diameter element of revolution comprising an aerodynamic nose 9 of ovoid shape 5 situated facing the wind V and extending at its downstream part, in the wind direction V by a tapered cover 10.
Ce carénage médian 8 qui peut avantageusement être constitué par une structure gonflable définit un diffuseur statique interne divergent / convergent ayant pour fonction de diminuer la surface traver10 sée par le flux d'air V à la partie interne du carénage externe 3, au niveau de la partie médiane de celui-ci o il est pratiquement inactif. This middle fairing 8 which can advantageously be constituted by an inflatable structure defines a diverging / converging internal static diffuser having the function of reducing the area traversed by the air flow V at the internal part of the external fairing 3, at the level of the middle part of it where it is practically inactive.
Le flux d'air V est ainsi concentré à proximité de la paroi intérieure du diffuseur externe 3, c'est-à-dire au niveau des extrémités 4 des pales 2, là o la récupération de la puissance de l'énergie cinétique du vent V est optimum. The air flow V is thus concentrated near the inner wall of the external diffuser 3, that is to say at the ends 4 of the blades 2, where the recovery of the power of the kinetic energy of the wind V is optimum.
Selon la figure, le carénage médian est par ailleurs équipé, dans sa zone de diamètre maximum d'un anneau rotatif 11 monté concentriquement et portant les pieds 12 des pales 2. According to the figure, the middle fairing is also equipped, in its zone of maximum diameter, with a rotary ring 11 mounted concentrically and carrying the feet 12 of the blades 2.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0306315A FR2855563B1 (en) | 2003-05-26 | 2003-05-26 | WIND TURBINE EQUIPPED WITH TWO DIFFUSERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0306315A FR2855563B1 (en) | 2003-05-26 | 2003-05-26 | WIND TURBINE EQUIPPED WITH TWO DIFFUSERS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2855563A1 true FR2855563A1 (en) | 2004-12-03 |
| FR2855563B1 FR2855563B1 (en) | 2008-02-01 |
Family
ID=33427424
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0306315A Expired - Lifetime FR2855563B1 (en) | 2003-05-26 | 2003-05-26 | WIND TURBINE EQUIPPED WITH TWO DIFFUSERS |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2855563B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100334347C (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-08-29 | 李锋 | Wing panels of aeration blower fan |
| FR2954416A1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-24 | Pierre Lecanu | WINDMILL IMPLANTED ON THE LAST FLOOR OF A HOUSE, ESPECIALLY IN URBAN AREA |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4720640A (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1988-01-19 | Turbostar, Inc. | Fluid powered electrical generator |
| WO2000050769A1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-08-31 | Vortec Energy Limited | Diffuser for a wind turbine |
| FR2793528A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-17 | Cie Internationale Des Turbine | WINDMILL WITH OBLIQUE BLADES AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR |
| EP1067286A1 (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2001-01-10 | Igor Sergeevich Orlov | Windmill powerplant |
-
2003
- 2003-05-26 FR FR0306315A patent/FR2855563B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4720640A (en) * | 1985-09-23 | 1988-01-19 | Turbostar, Inc. | Fluid powered electrical generator |
| EP1067286A1 (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2001-01-10 | Igor Sergeevich Orlov | Windmill powerplant |
| WO2000050769A1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-08-31 | Vortec Energy Limited | Diffuser for a wind turbine |
| FR2793528A1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2000-11-17 | Cie Internationale Des Turbine | WINDMILL WITH OBLIQUE BLADES AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100334347C (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-08-29 | 李锋 | Wing panels of aeration blower fan |
| FR2954416A1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-24 | Pierre Lecanu | WINDMILL IMPLANTED ON THE LAST FLOOR OF A HOUSE, ESPECIALLY IN URBAN AREA |
| WO2011083236A1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-07-14 | Pierre Lecanu | Wind turbine set up on the last floor of a residence, in particular in an urban area |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2855563B1 (en) | 2008-02-01 |
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