EP0079081B1 - Atomizing nozzles, so2 reactors and flue gas cleaning plants - Google Patents

Atomizing nozzles, so2 reactors and flue gas cleaning plants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0079081B1
EP0079081B1 EP82110320A EP82110320A EP0079081B1 EP 0079081 B1 EP0079081 B1 EP 0079081B1 EP 82110320 A EP82110320 A EP 82110320A EP 82110320 A EP82110320 A EP 82110320A EP 0079081 B1 EP0079081 B1 EP 0079081B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
nozzle
liquid
mist
atomizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82110320A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0079081A2 (en
EP0079081A3 (en
Inventor
Leif Lindau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology FLB AB
Original Assignee
Flaekt AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flaekt AB filed Critical Flaekt AB
Priority to AT82110320T priority Critical patent/ATE29974T1/de
Publication of EP0079081A2 publication Critical patent/EP0079081A2/en
Publication of EP0079081A3 publication Critical patent/EP0079081A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0079081B1 publication Critical patent/EP0079081B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0892—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being disposed on a circle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nozzle for atomization of a liquid with the aid of an atomizing gas where the liquid consists of a suspension of solid particles, in particular for use in a S0 2 -reactor of a flue gas cleaning plant.
  • Nozzles of different types are used to atomize liquids.
  • One class of nozzles which are used to create a very finely dispersed liquid mist are so-called two-phase nozzles.
  • a pressurized gas is used to bring about atomization, which takes place when the gas, which has been accelerated under expansion, acts on a liquid surface that is travelling at a velocity that differs greatly from that of the gas.
  • Two-phase nozzles can be divided into two types, which differ with respect to whether the two phases meet inside or outside the nozzle. In the technical literature, these two types are termed internal-mix and external-mix nozzles, respectively.
  • Two-phase nozzles of the internal-mix type, to which category the present invention can be assigned are also characterized by the fact that, given otherwise uniform conditions, a more finely dispersed mist is produced in a nozzle in which the linear dimensions of the atomization zone are of a given size than is the case in a geometrically identical nozzle of larger dimensions.
  • nozzles with small passages are often used to, for example, atomize pure water in connection with the evaporative cooling of a gas, or in connection with the spray-drying of a solution.
  • this nozzle which possesses only one single mist orifice
  • the material which is to be atomized and to be dried as well as the compressed air which is used for its atomization is introduced into a cylinder having extremely small openings in the cylinder wall, through which this material and said compressed air is introduced into a chamber which surrounds said cylinder and from there they are guided into the mist orifice. Because of the extremely small openings in said cylinder, during the passage through it of the material to be atomized and of the compressed air, there is a strong drop in pressure in the area of these openings, which leads to a small pressure in the chamber disposed behind said cylinder.
  • This low pressure leads to an uneven pressure distribution in the atomizing zone and thus to a non-uniform distribution of the material, i.e. the liquid, to be sprayed whereby no even atomization nor a uniform atomization mist is obtained.
  • This disadvantage is increased by the fact that the small openings in the cylinder are subject to a great extent to the danger of becoming clogged up, which leads all the more to an uneven pressure distribution in the atomizing zone.
  • this known nozzle is not designed with a view towards the wear which occurs when atomizing liquids which possess abrasive properties. Due to its plurality of sharp edges, and to its cylindrical screen with extremely small openings, this nozzle would soon be worn out. Furthermore, this known nozzle also has a very low capacity.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to specify a nozzle for atomization of a liquid with the aid of an atomizing gas having a symmetrical central body with a cavity into which a central liquid main feeds, that possesses the quality to atomize very large quantities of slurry in a very uniform distribution of the liquid to be atomized in the nozzle with a low risk of clogging of the nozzle.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a nozzle according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows the nozzle installed in a flue gas cleaning plant.
  • FIG. 1 is a nozzle consisting of a symmetric central body 2 with a cavity 3 into which a central liquid main feeds.
  • the nozzle is equipped with three symmetrically arranged mist orifices 5, two of which are shown in the figure.
  • the number of mist orifices can, however, be varied between three and ten depending upon the application.
  • Each mist orifice consists of a tubular housing 6 provided at its outer end with an outlet opening 9- which is circular and has a diameter of between 1 and 10 mm. Inside the mist orifice is an atomizing zone 11 with a radially symmetric shape.
  • a tubular gas orifice 12 is arranged upstream of the outlet opening 9.
  • the ratio between the diameter of the outlet opening 9 and the inside diameter of the gas orifice 12 is between 0.1 and 0.5.
  • the longitudinal axis 7 of the mist orifice coincides with the longitudinal axis of both the atomizing zone and the gas orifice, these together thereby forming a symmetric configuration.
  • the imaginary extension of the longitudinal axis of every mist orifice emanates from the same point on the longitudinal axis 8 of the central body and forms an angle v with this axis of between 20 and 90°.
  • the cavity 3 forms an integral volume together with the liquid main 4, which volume envelops the gas orifices 12 and their atomizing zones 11.
  • the gas orifices 12 are further connected to a common gas distribution line 15, which is concentrically arranged around the liquid main 4.
  • the function of the nozzle is as follows: When liquid is supplied through the central liquid main 4, the cavity 3 inside the central body 2 is filled, as are the cavities in the mist orifices.
  • the liquid is supplied at a pressure of between 2 and 12 bar.
  • atomizing gas of sufficiently high pressure between 2 and 12 bar, but higher than the pressure of the liquid
  • an atomizing zone 11 is formed in front of each gas orifice.
  • a two-phase flow will therefore exist in the narrowest section of the mist orifice, i.e. at its outlet opening 9. If the pressure inside the mist orifice is sufficiently high, the flow through this section, i.e. in the entire atomizing zone 11, will also be of a critical character.
  • the invention is distinguished by, among other things, the fact that the risk of clogging has been eliminated through the relatively large size of all liquid passages.
  • the zone in which the flow velocity is high is designed so that surrounding boundary surfaces form a small angle to the flow direction, which contributes towards a low wear rate.
  • the area exposed to the greatest wear has further been designed in such a manner that a ceramic insert mounted there as a wear protection liner 14, arranged on a seat 13, exists in a more or less stressless state, which permits the use of material of low tensile strength as a wear protection liner.
  • the nozzle is designed for the atomizing of a liquid flow of between 0 and 20 000 kg/m 2 s figured over the area of the outlet opening 9, and the gas flow over the same area is between 500 and 2 500 kg/m 2 s.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flue gas cleaning plant 20 for the cleaning of flue gases from a coal-fired power and/or heating plant (not shown).
  • the flue gases are first conducted to an electrostatic precipitator 21, which separates about 90% of the dust formed by combustion.
  • the still hot and sulphur-dioxide- bearing flue gases are then conducted to an S0 2 reactor 22 in which a finely dispersed lime slurry is sprayed into the flue gases. This is done with the aid of the nozzles 1 mounted in the reactor inlet, which are supplied with lime slurry prepared in a feed tank 23 and pumped at high pressure via a liquid line 24 to the central liquid mains 4 for the nozzles 1 ( Figure 1).
  • the lime reacts with the sulphur dioxide and binds it.
  • the amount of water and the temperature are adjusted so that all the water evaporates before the lime reaches the bottom, which results in dry residual products and greatly facilitates their handling.
  • Some sulphur-bearing lime sinks to the bottom, where it is taken out, while the remainder continues to a fabric filter 25, where most of the remaining flue gas particles adhere to the filter material.
  • the filter bags are blown clean by short pulses of compressed air. The dust that is dislodged falls to the bottom and is discharged.
  • the flue gases-now cleaned from dust, ash and sulphur dioxide-are then discharged via the flue gas fan 26 into the atmosphere through the stack 27.
  • the flue gases can be cleaned so efficiently-via this dry scrubbing method, where the nozzles according to the invention are employed to provide an effective dispersion of the supplied absorbent suspension-that the leaving sulphur concentration is max. 0.1 grams of sulphur per megajoule of supplied fuel, which is equivalent to a collection efficiency of 70-85%, depending upon the sulphur content of the coal.
  • the distribution of the liquid flow from each mist orifice was studied in the following manner.
  • the liquid suspension used in the test consisted of a mixture of 60% water, 30% fly ash from powdered coal firing and 10% of a mixture of calcium sulphite and calcium hydroxide (all percentages by weight).
  • the liquid flow from each of the mist orifices was then measured as the aggregate liquid flow was varied between 1 500 kg/h and 12 000 kg/h.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
EP82110320A 1981-11-09 1982-11-09 Atomizing nozzles, so2 reactors and flue gas cleaning plants Expired EP0079081B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82110320T ATE29974T1 (de) 1981-11-09 1982-11-09 Spritzmundstueck fuer so2 reaktoren in abfuhrgasreinigungsinstallationen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8106637 1981-11-09
SE8106637A SE449057B (sv) 1981-11-09 1981-11-09 Dysa for atomisering av ett vetskeformigt medium

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0079081A2 EP0079081A2 (en) 1983-05-18
EP0079081A3 EP0079081A3 (en) 1984-05-30
EP0079081B1 true EP0079081B1 (en) 1987-09-30

Family

ID=20344997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82110320A Expired EP0079081B1 (en) 1981-11-09 1982-11-09 Atomizing nozzles, so2 reactors and flue gas cleaning plants

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0079081B1 (no)
AT (1) ATE29974T1 (no)
CA (1) CA1207821A (no)
DE (2) DE3277403D1 (no)
DK (1) DK157332C (no)
FI (1) FI73149C (no)
NO (1) NO158567C (no)
SE (1) SE449057B (no)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE452413B (sv) * 1984-12-04 1987-11-30 Flaekt Ab Medieblandande dysa, avsedd att utnyttjas i en kontaktreaktor
SE447704B (sv) * 1985-04-16 1986-12-08 Flaekt Ab Anordning vid kontaktreaktor innefattande medel att forhindra atercirkulation av absorptionsmaterial till dysans yta
SE500419C2 (sv) * 1992-10-08 1994-06-20 Flaekt Ab Munstycke för finfördelning av en vätska med trycksatt gas
DE102017001025B4 (de) 2017-02-03 2020-10-08 Rs Rittel Gmbh Verbrennungsanlage und Verfahren zur Abgasbehandlung
EP3829750A1 (de) * 2018-08-03 2021-06-09 RS Rittel GmbH Düsenlanze, verbrennungsanlage und verfahren zur abgasbehandlung

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2547084A (en) * 1950-04-15 1951-04-03 West Disinfecting Co Spraying device
FR1239405A (fr) * 1959-07-16 1960-08-26 Perfectionnements aux gicleurs
US3110444A (en) * 1960-12-06 1963-11-12 J S & W R Eakins Inc Spray drying process and apparatus
FR1428682A (fr) * 1964-03-10 1966-02-18 Ici Ltd Procédé et appareil de pulvérisation de solides particulaires et de liquides
JPS5117145B2 (no) * 1971-09-10 1976-05-31

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE79081T1 (de) 1984-11-08
FI73149B (fi) 1987-05-29
DK157332B (da) 1989-12-18
ATE29974T1 (de) 1987-10-15
SE8106637L (sv) 1983-05-10
FI823845A0 (fi) 1982-11-09
FI73149C (fi) 1987-09-10
NO823705L (no) 1983-05-10
NO158567B (no) 1988-06-27
EP0079081A2 (en) 1983-05-18
DK157332C (da) 1990-05-14
DE3277403D1 (en) 1987-11-05
SE449057B (sv) 1987-04-06
CA1207821A (en) 1986-07-15
EP0079081A3 (en) 1984-05-30
DK496482A (da) 1983-05-10
NO158567C (no) 1988-10-05

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