EP0078787A1 - Electromechanical counter for continuous numerical adding or substracting - Google Patents

Electromechanical counter for continuous numerical adding or substracting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078787A1
EP0078787A1 EP82890151A EP82890151A EP0078787A1 EP 0078787 A1 EP0078787 A1 EP 0078787A1 EP 82890151 A EP82890151 A EP 82890151A EP 82890151 A EP82890151 A EP 82890151A EP 0078787 A1 EP0078787 A1 EP 0078787A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
coil
armature
permanent magnet
counter
counter according
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EP82890151A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0078787B1 (en
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Werner Miklik
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Anton Mattig KG
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Anton Mattig KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00—Design features of general application
    • G06M1/08—Design features of general application for actuating the drive
    • G06M1/10—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by electric or magnetic means
    • G06M1/102—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by electric or magnetic means by magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G06M1/104—Design features of general application for actuating the drive by electric or magnetic means by magnetic or electromagnetic means electromagnets, clicks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M1/00—Design features of general application
    • G06M1/04—Design features of general application for driving the stage of lowest order
    • G06M1/041—Design features of general application for driving the stage of lowest order for drum-type indicating means
    • G06M1/044—Design features of general application for driving the stage of lowest order for drum-type indicating means with escapements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromechanical counter for the continuous numerical addition or subtraction of electrical impulses, consisting of one or more series-connected numerical rollers, each of which can be driven individually by the previous one, the initial numerical roller carrying a gear wheel, to which alternately those in the end region of an electromagnetic switch armature Attack arranged projections and thereby gradually turn the initial digit roll.
  • Electromechanical counters are known to be built and operated on the basis and technology of a relay.
  • a sink wrapped around a soft iron core is used for this.
  • the coil through which the electric current flows generates a magnetic field which attracts an iron plate articulated in the immediate vicinity of the soft iron core.
  • a corresponding mechanism is connected to this plate, which converts the pivoting movement of the plate into a rotary movement of the numerical roller. After the current flow in the coil has ceased, the mechanism is returned to its rest position by a spring which has been tensioned by the pivoting movement of the plate.
  • the magnetization of the iron causes a remanence after the current in the excitation coil of the magnet system has ceased, which has a disturbing effect in that the response values of the counter relay are shifted.
  • the response point in the following switching process is achieved by a significantly lower current flow, since the induced magnetic field builds up on the remanent field.
  • This residual magnetism can be so strong that the magnetic armature can no longer fall off exactly, or it even sticks to the magnetic core. In any case, considerable effort is required to compensate for these disadvantages, if one does not want to further worsen the electrical efficiency by further enlarging the effective air gap.
  • stepper motor It is also known to drive counters with stepper motors, the latching positions of the permanent magnetic rotor for the mechanical positioning of the digits roll towards it.
  • stepper motor requires a not inconsiderable effort for the motor itself, since, due to its functional principle, it has to be manufactured very precisely and also has to be coupled to the dial roller mechanism by means of a gear mechanism.
  • electrical control of the stepper motor requires precise single-phase or multi-phase pulse sequences, which can often only be achieved by complex electronic special circuits.
  • this control electronics also consumes electrical energy, the relatively good efficiency of a stepper motor is often deteriorated.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a drive for an electromechanical roller counter which avoids the disadvantages of the known drives and is to be much simpler in construction compared to these.
  • the intended drive should have a high switching speed and a high electrical efficiency.
  • the invention solves this problem in a simple manner in that the switch armature is non-positively connected to an electrical coil which is arranged in the force field with the same pole opposite permanent magnet systems and experiences a deflection when electrical current flows through from one to the other magnet system.
  • the position of the switching point of the dial roller with respect to the path is insignificant, so that larger tolerances can be permitted.
  • you are designing the armature counter relay on it must pay attention to the switching point or the point of the greatest power output in the already short area just before the end stop, there is a relatively large way available in the magnetodynamic drive according to the invention, which is fully utilized due to the linear force distribution for advancing the counter can.
  • the geometry of the coil can also be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the universal electrical adaptability of the coil to existing power sources represents a significant advantage.
  • the force that a current-carrying coil generates in the magnetic field depends solely on the induction (B) of the magnetic field in the air gap, the length of the conductor (1) or the number of turns and the current (I) flowing through the coil.
  • FIG. 1 shows the object according to the invention with a pivotably mounted switching armature and FIG. 2 with a switching armature designed as a slide.
  • the electromechanical counter designed according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 consists of several digit rolls 2, 3 sitting on a shaft 1, each of which has corresponding ones
  • Driving gears can be driven by the preceding numerical roller.
  • the initial digit roller 3 carries a gear wheel 4, in the tooth gaps alternately the tooth-shaped ends 5, 6 of a U-shaped switch armature 7, which is horizontal.
  • Axis 8 is pivotable, intervene. This alternating engagement of the tooth ends 5, 6 in the tooth gaps of the gear wheel 4 results in a step-by-step advance of the digit roller 3 in the direction of the arrow 9.
  • the switch armature 7 carries on the side facing away from the tooth ends 5, 6 on an arm 10 an electrical, wire-wound coil 11, which has the shape of a cylindrical disc on the outside and lies in a common plane with the axis 8.
  • the coil 11 is arranged in the magnetic field of two permanent magnets 12, 13 and, depending on the direction of the electrical current flowing through it, is either attracted or repelled by the magnet 12 or the magnet 13. This movement of the coil 11 in the magnetic field of the magnets 12, 13 is transmitted to the switch armature 7 for the purpose of advancing the digit rolls 2, 3.
  • the switching driving the gear wheel Anchor 15 is designed as a slide, on which the coil 11 is attached directly or via a non-positive mechanism. It is mounted with low friction in a corresponding guide and can be returned to the respective starting position by a spring 14 acting on it.
  • the coil 11 itself is in the effective air gap between two permanent magnets 12, 13 arranged with the same poles to one another. In principle, a single magnet would also be sufficient, but the efficiency increases many times over when using two magnet systems,
  • the required restoring force can also be obtained via a change in direction of the coil current instead of via a mechanical spring.
  • the counter can be advanced by the chronological sequence of a positive and negative pulse. It is not important whether the two pulses follow one another directly or act on the counter at any time interval. Because of these properties, a bistable mode of operation of the counter can also be achieved, the counter being incremented by a number irrespective of the direction of movement of the coil 11 if positive and negative pulses are present alternately for actuation. It follows that only a current direction inverse with respect to the current direction of the previous pulse can effect a counting process.
  • This operating mode can, for example, enable the evaluation of information from logic circuits and machine controls to be carried out more economically.
  • Operation of the counter according to the invention with alternating current can also be implemented, which appears to be particularly advantageous when the system is to be operated in the vicinity of its mechanical cut-off frequency.
  • a counter is available which is optimal for use in battery-powered devices such as Heat meters, as well as suitable for operation from solar batteries.

Abstract

1. Electromechanical counting unit for continuous numerical addition or subtraction of electrical impulses, consisting of one or several successively arranged number rolls (2, 3), of which each individual one can be driven by the preceding one, wherein the starter number roll (3) carries a gear wheel (4) against which alternately engage projections (5, 6) arranged in the end region of a switching armature (7) connected to an electrically operated coil (11) in the force field of a permanent magnet system (12, 13) and thereby displace the starter number roll (3) into stepwise rotation, characterised in that the coil (11) is arranged in the effective air gap between similar pole oppositely lying permanent magnet systems (12, 13) coaxially in their force field, that the coil (11) on electrical current flowing through it undergoes a displacement in the axial direction of the permanent magnet system from the one magnet system to the other, and that the coil (11) and the permanent magnet systems (12, 13) are constructed in the shape of discs.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektromechanisches Zählwerk zum fortlaufenden numerischen Addieren oder Subtrahieren von elektrischen Impulsen, bestehend aus einer oder mehreren hintereinandergeschalteten Ziffernrollen, von welchen jede einzeln von der vorhergehenden antreibbar ist, wobei die Anfangsziffernrolle ein Gangrad trägt,an welches abwechselnd die im Endbereich eines elektromagnetischen Schaltankers angeordneten Vorsprünge angreifen und dadurch die Anfangsziffernrolle schrittweise in Drehung versetzen.The invention relates to an electromechanical counter for the continuous numerical addition or subtraction of electrical impulses, consisting of one or more series-connected numerical rollers, each of which can be driven individually by the previous one, the initial numerical roller carrying a gear wheel, to which alternately those in the end region of an electromagnetic switch armature Attack arranged projections and thereby gradually turn the initial digit roll.

Elektromechanische Zählwerke werden bekannterweise auf der Basis und Technologie eines Relais gebaut und betrieben. Dazu wird eine um einen Weicheisenkern gewickelte Spüle verwendet. Die vom elektrischen Strom durchflossene Spule erzeugt ein Magnetfeld, welches ein in unmittelbarer Nähe vom Weicheisenkern angelenktes Eisenplättchen anzieht. Mit diesem Plättchen verbunden ist eine entsprechende Mechanik, welche die Schwenkbewegung des Plättchens in eine Drehbewegung der Ziffernrolle umsetzt. Nach dem Aufhören des Stromflußes in der Spule wird der Mechanismus durch eine Feder, welche durch die Schwenkbewegung des Plättchens gespannt worden ist, wieder in seine Ruhelage rückgebracht.Electromechanical counters are known to be built and operated on the basis and technology of a relay. A sink wrapped around a soft iron core is used for this. The coil through which the electric current flows generates a magnetic field which attracts an iron plate articulated in the immediate vicinity of the soft iron core. A corresponding mechanism is connected to this plate, which converts the pivoting movement of the plate into a rotary movement of the numerical roller. After the current flow in the coil has ceased, the mechanism is returned to its rest position by a spring which has been tensioned by the pivoting movement of the plate.

Diese bekannten Zählrelais erfordern einen hohen mechanischen Aufwand für eine reibungsarme und präzise Lagerung aller bewegten Teile wie: Stoßklinken, Rollanker, Magnetanker, sowie etwaiger Umlenkhebelmechanismen. Weiters ist durch den Trägheitswiderstand all dieser Metallteile die Zählfrequenz begrenzt, sodaß diese erforderlichenfalls nur durch verstärkte Rückzugsfedern und damit verbundener höherer Erregerleistung noch erhöht werden kann. Das hat jedoch zur Folge, daß der Zähler mit einem Vielfachen der Energie betrieben werden muß als zur eigentlichen Fortschaltung erforderlich wäre. Zur Erhöhung der Zählfolge, d.h. zur Erzielung kürzerer Anzugs- und Abfallzeiten ist eine höhere Beschleunigung der bewegten Massen notwendig, die nur durch Erhöhung der wirkenden Kräfte erreicht werden kann. Erschwerend wirkt sich dabei die Tatsache aus, daß die Kraft, mit der der Magnetanker zum Spulenkern oder in die Spule gezogen wird, eine Funktion des magnetischen Luftspaltes darstellt, d.h., die Anzugskraft wird bei gleichbleibender Spulenerregung umso kleiner, je größer der magnetisch wirksame Luftspalt wird und erreicht umgekehrt ein Maximum, wenn der Luftspalt null wird.These known counting relays require a high level of mechanical effort for low-friction and precise storage of all moving parts such as: pawls, roll anchors, magnetic anchors, and any deflection lever mechanisms. Furthermore, the counting frequency is limited by the inertia resistance of all these metal parts, so that if necessary, this can only be increased by increased return springs and the associated higher excitation power. However, this has the consequence that the counter must be operated with a multiple of the energy than would be necessary for the actual advancement. To increase the counting sequence, i.e. To achieve shorter pull-in and fall times, a higher acceleration of the moving masses is necessary, which can only be achieved by increasing the acting forces. This is made more difficult by the fact that the force with which the magnet armature is pulled towards the coil core or into the coil represents a function of the magnetic air gap, ie the greater the magnetically effective air gap, the smaller the attraction force with constant coil excitation and conversely reaches a maximum when the air gap becomes zero.

Im konkreten Fall ergibt sich ein relativ langsames Ansteigen der Kraft auf Grund des Abstandes, den der Magnetanker durch die Hinbewegung zum Kern laufend verringert.In the specific case, there is a relatively slow increase in the force due to the distance that the magnet armature continuously reduces due to the movement towards the core.

Nach dem dynamischen Grundgesetz
F (Kraft) = m (Masse) . a (Beschleunigung)
ist, da die Masse konstant bleibt, die Beschleunigung nur von der Kraft (F) abhängig.According to the dynamic constitution
F (force) = m (mass). a (acceleration)
Since the mass remains constant, the acceleration only depends on the force (F).

Danach gilt: a = k . F, wenn man (k) als Konstante für den Reziprokwert der Masse einsetzt. Da die Kraft (F) in der Anfangsphase des Ankeranzuges ein Minimum ist, ist auch die Beschleunigung (a) zum selben Zeitpunkt gering. Da aber auch die Geschwindigkeit (v) zur Beschleunigung (a) proportional ist (v= a . t), wird sie erst allmählich mit größer werdender Kraft zunehmen. Das bedeutet, daß sich auch der Wirkungsgrad (η) des Zählwerkes

Figure imgb0001
umgekehrt proportional zum Luftspalt ändert, also in der Anfangsphase des Ankeranzuges sehr schlecht ist. Da aber die größte Anzugskraft in der Endphase der Ankerbewegung auftritt, zu einer Zeit also, zu der der Schaltvorgang der Ziffernrolle schon beendet ist, wird die nunmehr umgesetzte Energie wieder nicht nutzbringend verwendet, sondern zusammen mit der kinetischen Energie des Ankers an seinem Endanschlag in Wärme umgesetzt oder zur Deformation des Materials verwendet, was einen-schlechten Wirkungsgrad ergibt.Then: a = k. F if one uses (k) as a constant for the reciprocal of the mass. Since the force (F) is a minimum in the initial phase of the anchor suit, so is the Be acceleration (a) low at the same time. But since the speed (v) is also proportional to the acceleration (a) (v = a. T), it will only gradually increase with increasing force. This means that the efficiency (η) of the counter
Figure imgb0001
 changes inversely proportional to the air gap, i.e. is very bad in the initial phase of the anchor suit. However, since the greatest pulling force occurs in the end phase of the armature movement, i.e. at a time when the switching process of the numerical roller has already ended, the energy now converted is not used again, but together with the kinetic energy of the armature at its end stop in heat implemented or used to deform the material, which results in a poor efficiency.

Die Magnetisierung des Eisens bewirkt nach dem Aufhören des Stromes in der Erregerspule des Magnetsystems eine Remanenz, die sich insoferne störend bemerkbar macht, als dadurch die Ansprechwerte des Zählrelais verschoben werden. So wird der Ansprechpunkt im folgenden Schaltvorgang durch einen wesentlich geringeren Stromfluß erreicht, da sichdas induzierte Magnetfeld auf das remanente Feld aufbaut. Dieser Restmagnetismus kann so stark sein, daß ein exaktes Abfallen des Magnetankers nicht mehr gewährleistet ist, oder dieser sogar am Magnetkern kleben bleibt. In jedem Fall ist ein erheblicher Aufwand erforderliche um diese Nachteile zu kompensieren, falls man nicht durch eine weitere Vergrößerung des wirksamen Luftspaltes den elektrischen Wirkungsgrad noch mehr verschlechtern möchte.The magnetization of the iron causes a remanence after the current in the excitation coil of the magnet system has ceased, which has a disturbing effect in that the response values of the counter relay are shifted. The response point in the following switching process is achieved by a significantly lower current flow, since the induced magnetic field builds up on the remanent field. This residual magnetism can be so strong that the magnetic armature can no longer fall off exactly, or it even sticks to the magnetic core. In any case, considerable effort is required to compensate for these disadvantages, if one does not want to further worsen the electrical efficiency by further enlarging the effective air gap.

Es ist ferner bekannt, Zählwerke mit Schrittmotoren anzutreiben, wobei man die Raststellungen des permanentmagnetischen Rotors für die mechanische Positionierung der Ziffernrollen heranzient. Die Anwendung eines Schrittmotors bedingt jedoch einen nicht unerheblichen Aufwand für den Motor selbst, da dieser, bedingt durch sein Funktionsprinzip, sehr präzise gefertigt sein und außerdem mittels eines Zahnradgetriebes an das Ziffernrollenwerk angekoppelt werden muß. Anderseits erfordert die elektrische Ansteuerung des Schrittmotors genaue ein- oder mehrphasige Impulsfolgen, die oft nur durch aufwendige elektronische Spezialschaltungen realisiert werden können. Da aber auch diese Ansteuerelekttronik elektrische Energie verbraucht, wird oft der relativ gute Wirkungsgrad eines Schrittmotors dadurch wieder verschlechtert.It is also known to drive counters with stepper motors, the latching positions of the permanent magnetic rotor for the mechanical positioning of the digits roll towards it. However, the use of a stepper motor requires a not inconsiderable effort for the motor itself, since, due to its functional principle, it has to be manufactured very precisely and also has to be coupled to the dial roller mechanism by means of a gear mechanism. On the other hand, the electrical control of the stepper motor requires precise single-phase or multi-phase pulse sequences, which can often only be achieved by complex electronic special circuits. However, since this control electronics also consumes electrical energy, the relatively good efficiency of a stepper motor is often deteriorated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Antrieb für ein elektromechanisches Rollen - Zählwerk zu schaffen, der die Nachteile der bekannten Antriebe vermeidet und gegenüber diesen in seinem Aufbau wesentlich einfacher sein soll. Insbesondere soll der angestrebte Antrieb eine hohe Schaltfolgegeschwindigkeit und einen hohen elektrischen Wirkungsgrad haben. Ferner besteht das Bedürfnis, die Ansteuerung des Zählwerkes mittels einfacher Stromimpulse zu ermöglichen, die keine elektronische Aufbereitung erfordern, wobei eine magnetische Remanenz und ein Klebenbleiben des magnetisch angezogenen Teiles vermieden sein soll.The invention is based on the object of providing a drive for an electromechanical roller counter which avoids the disadvantages of the known drives and is to be much simpler in construction compared to these. In particular, the intended drive should have a high switching speed and a high electrical efficiency. Furthermore, there is a need to enable the counter to be controlled by means of simple current pulses which do not require electronic preparation, with magnetic remanence and sticking of the magnetically attracted part being avoided.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabenstellung in einfacher Weise dadurch, daß der Schaltanker kraftschlüssig mit einer elektrischen Spule verbunden ist, die im Kraftfeld gleichpolig zueinander gegenüberliegender Permanentmagnetsysteme angeordnet ist und beim Hindurchfließen elektrischen Stromes von dem einen zum anderen Magnetsystem eine Ablenkung erfährt.The invention solves this problem in a simple manner in that the switch armature is non-positively connected to an electrical coil which is arranged in the force field with the same pole opposite permanent magnet systems and experiences a deflection when electrical current flows through from one to the other magnet system.

Da die Kraft, die die Spule auf den Schaltanker überträgt, über dem gesamten Auslenkungsbereich aufgrund der Spulengeometrie annähernd gleich ist, ist die Lage des Schaltpunktes der Ziffernrolle bezüglich des Weges unbedeutend, sodaß größere Toleranzen zugelassen werden können. Während man bei der Konstruktion des Magnetankerzählrelais darauf achten muß, den Schaltpunkt bzw, den Punkt der größten Leistungsabgabe in den an sich schon kurzen Bereich knapp vor dem Endanschlag zu legen, steht beim erfindungsgemäßen magnetodynamischen Antrieb ein relativ großer Weg zur Verfügung, der infolge der linearen Kraftverteilung zur Weiterschaltung des Zählers voll ausgenützt werden kann. Die Spule kann auch in ihrer Geometrie den jeweiligen Erfordernissen angepaßt werden. Einen wesentlichen Vorteil stellt allerdings die universelle elektrische Anpassungsmöglichkeit der Spule an bereits vorhandene Stromquellen dar. Es können daher teure Anpassungs- und Interfaceeinrichtungen entfallen, was wesentlich zur Verbilligung eines Systems beiträgt. Dadurch, daß die erfindungsgemäße Spule keinen Eisenkern enthält, ist die Induktion (B) auch nicht von einer sich mit der Feldstärke (H) ändernden relativen Permeabilität (Urel) abhängig, wie die Gleichung zeigt. B=Urel . U . H . Dabei stellt (Uo) die,absolute Permeabilität des leeren Raumes dar.Since the force that the coil transmits to the switch armature is approximately the same over the entire deflection range due to the coil geometry, the position of the switching point of the dial roller with respect to the path is insignificant, so that larger tolerances can be permitted. While you are designing the armature counter relay on it must pay attention to the switching point or the point of the greatest power output in the already short area just before the end stop, there is a relatively large way available in the magnetodynamic drive according to the invention, which is fully utilized due to the linear force distribution for advancing the counter can. The geometry of the coil can also be adapted to the respective requirements. However, the universal electrical adaptability of the coil to existing power sources represents a significant advantage. Expensive adaptation and interface devices can therefore be dispensed with, which contributes significantly to making a system cheaper. Because the coil according to the invention does not contain an iron core, the induction (B) is also not dependent on a relative permeability (U rel ) which changes with the field strength (H), as the equation shows. B = U rel . U. H . (U o ) represents the absolute permeability of the empty space.

Die.Kraft, die eine stromdurchflossene Spule im Magnetfeld erzeugt, hängt alleine von der Induktion (B) des Magnetfeldes im Luftspalt , der Länge des Leiters (1) bzw. der Windungszahl und dem durch die Spule fließenden Strom (I) ab.

Figure imgb0002
The force that a current-carrying coil generates in the magnetic field depends solely on the induction (B) of the magnetic field in the air gap, the length of the conductor (1) or the number of turns and the current (I) flowing through the coil.
Figure imgb0002

Das bedeutet, daß die Kraft (F) bei einer gegebenen Induktion (B) nur von der Amperewindungszahl abhängt. Bleibt dieses Produkt konstant, so kann Strom und Windungszahl jeweils in Abhängigkeit voneinander beliebig verändert werden (geringe Windungszahl - hoher Strom, hohe Windungszahl - geringer Strom). Dies gestattet, auch für gewisse Anwendungsfälle, eine Spule zu wählen, die eine minimale Selbstinduktion aufweist. Dadurch kann die Dämpfung auf ein für jedes System optimales Maß gebracht werden, was eine Beeinflussung auch der Schaltfolgegeschwindigkeit zuläßt.This means that the force (F) for a given induction (B) depends only on the number of ampere turns. If this product remains constant, the current and number of turns can be changed depending on each other (low number of turns - high current, high number of turns - low current). This allows, even for certain applications, to choose a coil that has minimal self-induction. As a result, the damping can be brought to an optimum level for each system, which also allows the switching sequence speed to be influenced.

In der Zeichnung ist die Erfindung an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher veranschaulicht. Es zeigen Fig. 1 den erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstand mit einem schwenkbar gelagerten und Fig. 2 mit einem als Schieber ausgebildeten Schaltanker.In the drawing, the invention is illustrated in more detail using exemplary embodiments. 1 shows the object according to the invention with a pivotably mounted switching armature and FIG. 2 with a switching armature designed as a slide.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete elektromechanische Zählwerk besteht aus mehreren auf einer Welle 1 sitzenden Ziffernrollen 2,3, von welchen jede über entsprechendeThe electromechanical counter designed according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 consists of several digit rolls 2, 3 sitting on a shaft 1, each of which has corresponding ones

Triebzahnräder von der vorhergehenden Ziffernrolle antreibbar ist. Die Anfangsziffernrolle 3 trägt ein Gangrad 4, in dessen Zahnlücken abwechselnd die zahnförmigen Enden 5,6 eines U-förmigen Schaltankers 7, der um eine waagrechte. Achse 8 schwenkbar ist, eingreifen. Durch diesen abwechselnden Eingriff der Zahnenden 5,6 in die Zahnlücken des Gangrades 4 erfolgt ein schrittweises Fortschalten der Ziffernrolle 3 in die Richtung des Pfeiles 9.Driving gears can be driven by the preceding numerical roller. The initial digit roller 3 carries a gear wheel 4, in the tooth gaps alternately the tooth-shaped ends 5, 6 of a U-shaped switch armature 7, which is horizontal. Axis 8 is pivotable, intervene. This alternating engagement of the tooth ends 5, 6 in the tooth gaps of the gear wheel 4 results in a step-by-step advance of the digit roller 3 in the direction of the arrow 9.

Erfindungsgemäß trägt der Schaltanker 7 an der den Zahnenden 5,6 abgewendeten Seite an einem Arm 10 eine elektrische, drahtgewickelte Spule 11, die äußerlich die Form einer zylindrischen Scheibe hat und mit der Achse 8 in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegt. Die Spule 11 ist im Magnetfeld zweier permanenter Magnete 12,13 angeordnet und wird je nach der Richtung des sie durchfließenden elektrischen Stromes entweder von dem Magnet 12 oder vom Magnet 13 angezogen bzw. abgestossen. Diese Bewegung der Spule 11 im Magnetfeld der Magnete 12,13 wird auf den Schaltanker 7 zwecks Fortschaltung der Ziffernrollen 2,3 übertragen.According to the invention, the switch armature 7 carries on the side facing away from the tooth ends 5, 6 on an arm 10 an electrical, wire-wound coil 11, which has the shape of a cylindrical disc on the outside and lies in a common plane with the axis 8. The coil 11 is arranged in the magnetic field of two permanent magnets 12, 13 and, depending on the direction of the electrical current flowing through it, is either attracted or repelled by the magnet 12 or the magnet 13. This movement of the coil 11 in the magnetic field of the magnets 12, 13 is transmitted to the switch armature 7 for the purpose of advancing the digit rolls 2, 3.

Damit die Spule 11. nach Beendigung des Stromflusses in ihre Ausgangslage zurückkehren kann, greift eine Feder 14 am Schaltanker 7 an,So that the coil 11 can return to its starting position after the current flow has ended, a spring 14 acts on the armature 7,

In Fig. 2 wurde die Drehbewegung des Ankers 7 durch eine Linearbewegung ersetzt, Der das Gangrad antreibende Schaltanker 15 ist als Schieber ausgebildet, an welchem direkt oder über eine kraftschlüssige Mechanik die Spule 11 befestigt ist. Er ist in einer entsprechenden Führung reibungsarm gelagert, und kann durch eine an ihn angreifende Feder 14 in die jeweilige Ausgangslage rückgeführt werden. Die Spule 11 selbst liegt wiederum im wirksamen Luftspalt zweier gleichpolig zueinander angeordneter Permanentmag - nete 12,13. Prinzipiell würde auch ein einziger Magnet ausreichen, der Wirkungsgrad erhöht sich aber bei Verwendung von zwei Magnetsystemen um ein Vielfaches,In Fig. 2, the rotary movement of the armature 7 has been replaced by a linear movement, the switching driving the gear wheel Anchor 15 is designed as a slide, on which the coil 11 is attached directly or via a non-positive mechanism. It is mounted with low friction in a corresponding guide and can be returned to the respective starting position by a spring 14 acting on it. The coil 11 itself is in the effective air gap between two permanent magnets 12, 13 arranged with the same poles to one another. In principle, a single magnet would also be sufficient, but the efficiency increases many times over when using two magnet systems,

Da die Bewegungsrichtung der Spule 11 von der Richtung des sie durchfließenden Stromes abhängig ist, kann die erforderliche Rückstellkraft statt über eine mechanische Feder auch über eine Richtungsänderung des Spulenstromes erhalten werden. Beispielsweise kann die Fortschaltung des Zählwerkes durch die zeitliche Folge eines positiven und negativen Impulses erfolgen. Dabei ist es nicht wesentlich, ob die beiden Impulse unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgen oder in zeitlich beliebigem Abstand auf den Zähler wirken. Aufgrund'dieser Eigenschaften ist auch eine bistabile Arbeitsweise des Zählers zu erreichen, wobei unabhängig von der Bewegungsrichtung der Spule 11 eine Weiterschaltung des Zählers um eine Zahl erfolgt, wenn zur Ansteuerung abwechselnd positive und negative Impulse vorliegen. Daraus folgt, daß nur eine in bezug auf die Stromrichtung des vorangegangenen Impulses inverse Stromrichtung einen Zählvorgang bewirken kann. Diese Betriebsart kann beispielsweise die Auswertung von Informationen aus logischen Schaltkreisen sowie auch aus Maschinensteuerungen wirtschaftlicher ermöglichen. Auch kann ein Betrieb des erfindungsgemäßen Zählers mit Wechselstrom realisiert werden, was besonders dann vorteilhaft erscheint, wenn das System in der Nähe seiner mechanischen Grenzfrequenz betrieben werden soll.Since the direction of movement of the coil 11 depends on the direction of the current flowing through it, the required restoring force can also be obtained via a change in direction of the coil current instead of via a mechanical spring. For example, the counter can be advanced by the chronological sequence of a positive and negative pulse. It is not important whether the two pulses follow one another directly or act on the counter at any time interval. Because of these properties, a bistable mode of operation of the counter can also be achieved, the counter being incremented by a number irrespective of the direction of movement of the coil 11 if positive and negative pulses are present alternately for actuation. It follows that only a current direction inverse with respect to the current direction of the previous pulse can effect a counting process. This operating mode can, for example, enable the evaluation of information from logic circuits and machine controls to be carried out more economically. Operation of the counter according to the invention with alternating current can also be implemented, which appears to be particularly advantageous when the system is to be operated in the vicinity of its mechanical cut-off frequency.

Au fgrund des äußerst geringen Energiebedarfes des erfindungsgemäßen Zählerantriebssystems steht hiemit ein Zählwerk zur Verfügung, das sich optimal für den Einsatz in batteriegespeisten Geräten wie z.B. Wärmemengenzählern, sowie für den Betrieb aus Solarbatterien eignet.Due to the extremely low energy requirement of the counter drive system according to the invention, a counter is available which is optimal for use in battery-powered devices such as Heat meters, as well as suitable for operation from solar batteries.

Claims (6)

1. Elektromechanisches Zählwerk zum fortlaufenden numerischenAddieren oder Subtrahieren von elektrischen Impulsen, bestehend aus einer oder mehreren hintereinandergeschalteten Ziffernrollen, von welchen jede einzeln von der vorhergehenden antreibbar ist, wobei die Anfangsziffernrolle ein Gangrad trägt, an welches abwechselnd die im Endbereich eines elektromagnetischen Schaltankers angeordneten Vorsprünge angreifen und dadurch die Anfangsziffernrolle schrittweise in Drehung versetzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schaltanker (7;15) kraftschlüssig mit einer elektrischen Spule (11) verbunden ist, die im Kraftfeld gleichpolig zueinander gegenüberliegender Permanentmagnetsysteme (12,13) angeordnet ist.und beim Hindurchfließen elektrischen Stromes von dem einen zum anderen Magnetsystem eine Ablenkung erfährt.1.Electro-mechanical counter for the continuous numerical addition or subtraction of electrical impulses, consisting of one or more series-connected numerical rollers, each of which can be driven individually from the previous one, the initial number roller carrying a gear wheel which is alternately engaged by the projections arranged in the end region of an electromagnetic switch armature and thereby gradually set the initial digit roller in rotation, characterized in that the switch armature (7; 15) is non-positively connected to an electrical coil (11) which is arranged in the force field of opposing permanent magnet systems (12, 13) Current from one to the other magnet system experiences a deflection. 2. Zählwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Spule (11) und Schaltanker (7;15) umfassenden Antriebssystem mechanisch im Gleichgewicht befindet.2. Counter according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil (11) and armature (7; 15) comprehensive drive system is mechanically balanced. 3. Zählwerk nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spule (11) die Form einer innen hohlen zylindrischen Scheibe hat.3. Counter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coil (11) has the shape of an internally hollow cylindrical disc. 4. Zählwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spule selbst integrierter Bestandteil eines Schaltankers ist.4. Counter according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coil itself is an integral part of a switch armature. 5. Zählwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spule (11) nach Auslenkung durch die elektromotorische Kraft in die Ausgangslage durch eine am Schaltanker (7;15) angreifende Feder (14) rückführbar ist.5. Counter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coil (11) after deflection by the electromotive force in the starting position by a switch armature (7; 15) engaging spring (14) can be returned. 6. Zählwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gezeichnet, daß die Spule (11) in die Ausgangslage durch einen Steuerstrom mit umgekehrter Polarität rückführbar ist,6. Counter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the coil (11) can be returned to the starting position by a control current with reversed polarity,
EP19820890151 1981-10-29 1982-10-21 Electromechanical counter for continuous numerical adding or substracting Expired EP0078787B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT463281A AT377110B (en) 1981-10-29 1981-10-29 ELECTROMECHANICAL COUNTER
AT4632/81 1981-10-29

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EP0078787A1 true EP0078787A1 (en) 1983-05-11
EP0078787B1 EP0078787B1 (en) 1986-04-30

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EP (1) EP0078787B1 (en)
AT (1) AT377110B (en)
DE (2) DE3270887D1 (en)
DK (1) DK156854C (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0196581A2 (en) * 1985-04-01 1986-10-08 J. Hengstler GmbH & Co. KG Pulse counter in the form of an electro-mechanical counter with an oscillating coil drive
EP0271037A2 (en) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-15 Ing. Fritz Kübler Zählerfabrik GmbH Pulse counter
EP0418645A2 (en) * 1989-09-16 1991-03-27 Ing. Fritz Kübler Zählerfabrik GmbH Electromechanical counter mechanism
DE19942412C1 (en) * 1999-09-06 2001-02-15 Toralf Heidenreich Profiled cylindrical measuring instrument for reading the fitting length of a door security lock locking cylinder has a cross-sectional profile to suit a locking cylinder casing and reading elements with a linear scale gradation.
US8245704B2 (en) 1997-06-10 2012-08-21 Glaxo Group Limited Dispenser with doses' counter

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3705962A1 (en) * 1987-02-25 1988-09-08 Hengstler Gmbh MECHANICAL ROLL COUNTER

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DE1032952B (en) * 1953-03-21 1958-06-26 Elmeg Arrangement for counting electrical impulses
DE1935158A1 (en) * 1968-07-09 1970-01-22 Suisse Horlogerie Process for driving the gear mechanism of an electronic clock and electronic clock for carrying out this process
FR2152387A1 (en) * 1971-09-10 1973-04-27 Arnoux Daniel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB980191A (en) * 1959-12-29 1965-01-13 Counting Instr Ltd Differential electric counter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1032952B (en) * 1953-03-21 1958-06-26 Elmeg Arrangement for counting electrical impulses
DE1084961B (en) * 1953-03-21 1960-07-07 Elmeg Arrangement for counting electrical impulses using one or more moving coil systems
DE1935158A1 (en) * 1968-07-09 1970-01-22 Suisse Horlogerie Process for driving the gear mechanism of an electronic clock and electronic clock for carrying out this process
FR2152387A1 (en) * 1971-09-10 1973-04-27 Arnoux Daniel

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0196581A2 (en) * 1985-04-01 1986-10-08 J. Hengstler GmbH & Co. KG Pulse counter in the form of an electro-mechanical counter with an oscillating coil drive
EP0196581A3 (en) * 1985-04-01 1988-09-28 J. Hengstler K.G. Pulse counter in the form of an electro-mechanical counter with a vibrating-coil drive
EP0271037A2 (en) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-15 Ing. Fritz Kübler Zählerfabrik GmbH Pulse counter
DE3642081A1 (en) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-23 Kuebler Fritz Zaehlerfab PULSE COUNTER
EP0271037A3 (en) * 1986-12-10 1989-07-26 Ing. Fritz Kübler Zählerfabrik GmbH Pulse counter
EP0418645A2 (en) * 1989-09-16 1991-03-27 Ing. Fritz Kübler Zählerfabrik GmbH Electromechanical counter mechanism
US5103468A (en) * 1989-09-16 1992-04-07 Ing. Fritz Kubler Zahlerfabrik Gmbh Electromechanical counting device with unintentional count prevention structure
EP0418645A3 (en) * 1989-09-16 1993-01-27 Ing. Fritz Kuebler Zaehlerfabrik Gmbh Electromechanical counter mechanism
US8245704B2 (en) 1997-06-10 2012-08-21 Glaxo Group Limited Dispenser with doses' counter
DE19942412C1 (en) * 1999-09-06 2001-02-15 Toralf Heidenreich Profiled cylindrical measuring instrument for reading the fitting length of a door security lock locking cylinder has a cross-sectional profile to suit a locking cylinder casing and reading elements with a linear scale gradation.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK156854B (en) 1989-10-09
AT377110B (en) 1985-02-11
DK156854C (en) 1990-03-05
ATA463281A (en) 1984-06-15
DE3270887D1 (en) 1986-06-05
DE8230263U1 (en) 1983-04-21
DK463482A (en) 1983-04-30
EP0078787B1 (en) 1986-04-30

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