EP0078719B1 - Interrupteur à autoexpansion et à aimant permanent - Google Patents

Interrupteur à autoexpansion et à aimant permanent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078719B1
EP0078719B1 EP19820401779 EP82401779A EP0078719B1 EP 0078719 B1 EP0078719 B1 EP 0078719B1 EP 19820401779 EP19820401779 EP 19820401779 EP 82401779 A EP82401779 A EP 82401779A EP 0078719 B1 EP0078719 B1 EP 0078719B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
shaped
permanent magnet
magnet
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820401779
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0078719A1 (fr
Inventor
Georges Bernard
Pierre Leclercq
Serge Olive
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0078719A1 publication Critical patent/EP0078719A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0078719B1 publication Critical patent/EP0078719B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the document FR-A-2 480 028 relates to a switch of the kind mentioned comprising either a permanent magnet having on the front face a blind orifice, or an annular permanent magnet polarized radially.
  • the permanent magnet with blind recess does not allow a double blowing of the arc which limits the performances of this switch to a cut of the currents lower than approximately 10000 Amperes.
  • the annular magnet allows gas to escape through the central duct and a double blowing of the arc, but the performance of this switch has been found to be relatively limited to a value close to that of the permanent magnet with blind orifice.
  • the present invention starts from the observation that the annular permanent magnet does not always provide effective rotation blowing of the root of the arc, the latter tending to stagnate on the contacts.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to allow the production of a permanent magnet arc blowing switch having performances comparable to those of arc blowing coil switches.
  • the switch according to the invention is characterized in that said magnet is axially polarized to generate in the area, adjacent to the associated annular electrode, on the one hand a radial magnetic field oriented in the central part in one direction and in the external part in the opposite direction, and on the other hand an axial magnetic field at the cusp points separating said central and external parts, and that the annular electrode opposite to said associated electrode is arranged so that the arc extends between said annular electrodes in said central part of the magnetic field, said switch comprising means for transferring outwards from said front face said cusps and avoiding any displacement of the arc towards said cusps.
  • the magnetic field generated by an axially polarized annular permanent magnet is shown in axial section in FIG. 1 and it can be seen that the lines of force close symmetrically inside and outside the permanent magnet.
  • the force lines are centripetal in the central part of the permanent magnet and centrifugal towards the outside and an area with axial force lines separates the centrifugal and centripetal force lines.
  • the cusp corresponding to the axial force lines is arranged substantially in the middle of the pole face of the permanent magnet and it is understood that the arc tends to move towards this zone with magnetic blowing in zero rotation. According to the present invention, the cusp is moved outward from the pole face in an area inaccessible to the arc.
  • the displacement of the turning point towards the outside of the permanent magnet is carried out by a yoke in the form of a tubular ferrule extending in the orifice of the annular magnet .
  • the tubular yoke distorts the magnetic spectrum by moving the cusp outward from the permanent magnet. It will appear from the following description that the presence of the magnetic yoke creates a second magnetic field zone with a significant axial component in line with the end face of the yoke, but in this zone the pneumatic blowing is maximum and the extinction of the arc is made quickly.
  • the external diameter of the permanent magnet is significantly enlarged, so as to move the turning point away from the internal orifice of the magnet.
  • the contact opposite to the permanent magnet is advantageously of tubular shape to constitute a second gas exhaust duct and a double blowing of the arc, the diameter of the tubular part corresponding substantially to the diameter of the internal orifice of the permanent annular magnet. It is clear that the opposite contact can also include a permanent annular blowing magnet, the assembly being in this case entirely symmetrical.
  • a permanent magnet 10 of annular shape is axially polarized, the polar face, for example of north polarity, being covered with an annular contact electrode 12.
  • an annular electrode 14 formed by the front face of a tubular contact piece 16.
  • the diameter of the tubular piece 16 is substantially equivalent to the diameter of the internal orifice 18 of the permanent magnet 10 disposed coaxially with the tubular piece 16.
  • the lines of force are schematically represented in FIG. 1 and include centripetal radial lines 20 and centrifugal radial lines 22 in the intermediate zone between the electrodes 12, 14.
  • centripetal radial lines 20 and centrifugal 22 are separated symmetrically by an area of axial lines 2.4 corresponding to a cusp 26 of the pole face of the permanent magnet 10.
  • the assembly is symmetrical and the cusp '26 or more e xactively the cusps 26 are arranged on a circle equidistant from the internal and external circles of the annular magnet 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows an improved switch using the basic elements shown in Figure 1, which can be recognized, in particular the permanent annular magnet 10, the electrode 12 covering the front face of the annular magnet 10, the part tubular 16 with its front face 14 opposite the annular face 12.
  • the tubular part 16 is slidably mounted to come either into contact with the annular electrode 12 in the closed position of the switch, or in a spacing position, shown on the right side of Figure 2, in the open position.
  • the permanent magnet assembly 10, annular electrodes 12, 14, is housed inside a chamber 30, constituted for example by a cylindrical envelope 32, itself housed in an enclosure 34, filled with a gas with rigidity high dielectric, in particular of sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the movable tubular part 16 crosses the bottom of the chamber 30 and communicates through a lateral orifice 36 with the enclosure 34, so as to create a gas exhaust duct from the chamber 30 to the enclosure 34.
  • the annular electrode 12, associated with the permanent magnet 10 is electrically connected to a cylindrical conductor 38 externally surrounding the annular permanent magnet 10 and connected to a support and current supply tube 40 passing through the bottom of the chamber 30 and communicating by an orifice 42 with the enclosure 34. It is easy to see that the tubular support 40 defines a second conduit 44 for exhausting gases from the chamber 30 to the enclosure 34, through the magnet 10 and the annular electrode 12.
  • the support assembly 40, permanent magnet 10 and associated annular electrode 12 is mounted fixed, the arc being drawn between the electrodes 12, 14 when sliding down the tubular part 16.
  • the arc s extends into the chamber 30 and in a manner known per se causes by heating an increase in the pressure in this chamber 30 and an escape of the gases through the exhaust conduits 36, 44 in the movable contact 16 and in the assembly constituting the fixed contact, in this case the annular electrode 12 and the support 40.
  • the permanent magnet is axially polarized, for example making a north pole face appear opposite the opposite annular electrode 14 carried by the tubular part 16.
  • a magnetic yoke 46 has a cylindrical ferrule 48 extending in the orifice 18 of the permanent magnet 10 while being attached to the internal periphery of this magnet 10 and by being flush with the front face of the magnet 10.
  • the yoke 46 further comprises an annular disc 50 connecting to the internal ferrule 48 and attached to the polar posterior face of the permanent magnet 10.
  • the yoke 46 modifies the magnetic spectrum of the permanent magnet 10, represented on the right part of FIG. 2, by creating an asymmetry and an offset towards the outside of the permanent magnet 10 of the cusp 52.
  • the centrifugal force lines 54 bypass the permanent magnet from the outside while the centripetal force lines 56 are concentrated towards the end of the ferrule 48.
  • FIG. 3 In Figure 3 are shown only the elements of the switch arranged inside the chamber 30, and we recognize the movable part 16 with the annular front surface 14 disposed in front of the fixed part with support 40.
  • the annular permanent magnet with axial polarization represented by the reference 58, is a magnet similar to that bearing the reference 10 in FIG. 2, but with a significantly increased external diameter.
  • An associated annular electrode 60 covers the pole face of the magnet 58 while being electrically connected to the support 40 by conductive parts 62 surrounding the permanent magnet 58 externally.
  • the gases compressed by heating in the chamber 30 can escape through the exhaust duct 44 passing through the central hole of the annular magnet 58 and by the duct formed by the tubular part 16.
  • the permanent magnet 58 does not have a yoke and the magnetic field is entirely symmetrical, in particular the turning point 64.
  • the increase in the external diameter of the annular magnet 58 makes it possible to move the turning point 64 away from the annular electrode 14 , so as to avoid, in the manner described above, any displacement of the arc towards this cusp point 64. It is unnecessary to describe the operation of this variant embodiment which is exactly identical to that described in relation to the switch represented in FIG. 2. It is clear that the increase in the external diameter of the permanent magnet 58 can be combined with the action of a cylinder head for channeling the magnetic flux or any other means of modifying ication of the magnetic arc blowing spectrum.
  • the offset towards the outside of the cusp point 64 is particularly visible by comparison with the device illustrated in FIG. 1. Good results have been obtained by increasing the diameter of the circle formed by the cusp points 64 to a substantially double value the diameter of the annular electrode 14.
  • the wall of the tubular part 16 is advantageously small in the two variants described above, so as to present an annular electrode 14 of small width exactly positioning the arc.
  • the diameter of this annular electrode can of course be slightly different, in particular less than the diameter of the orifice formed in the annular permanent magnet 10, 58, in particular when the blowing effect through the tubular part 16 can be reduced.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP19820401779 1981-10-26 1982-09-29 Interrupteur à autoexpansion et à aimant permanent Expired EP0078719B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8120201 1981-10-26
FR8120201A FR2515418A1 (fr) 1981-10-26 1981-10-26 Interrupteur a autoexpansion et a aimant permanent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0078719A1 EP0078719A1 (fr) 1983-05-11
EP0078719B1 true EP0078719B1 (fr) 1985-08-28

Family

ID=9263463

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820401779 Expired EP0078719B1 (fr) 1981-10-26 1982-09-29 Interrupteur à autoexpansion et à aimant permanent

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0078719B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5882425A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3265864D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2515418A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
YU (1) YU44170B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3750482T2 (de) * 1986-06-06 1995-05-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Schaltvorrichtung.
FR2617633B1 (fr) * 1987-07-02 1989-11-17 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur a arc tournant et a expansion
FR2824182A1 (fr) * 2001-04-26 2002-10-31 Alstom Disjoncteur a arc tournant a aimant permanent
WO2011104902A1 (ja) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 三菱電機株式会社 電流開閉器

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE505540A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1950-11-10
DE967984C (de) * 1951-02-27 1958-01-02 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Schaltkontakt mit magnetischer Beblasung
FR2254871A1 (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-07-11 Merlin Gerin Circuit interrupter with arc suppression - uses gas-producing insulation and magnets to rotate arc
FR2478866A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-09-25 Merlin Gerin Interrupteur a courant alternatif a arc tournant
JPS5923605B2 (ja) * 1980-03-28 1984-06-04 日新電機株式会社 ガスしや断器
FR2480028A1 (fr) * 1980-04-04 1981-10-09 Merlin Gerin Interrupteur a arc tournant par action d'un aimant permanent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU44170B (en) 1990-02-28
DE3265864D1 (en) 1985-10-03
JPS5882425A (ja) 1983-05-18
FR2515418A1 (fr) 1983-04-29
YU238682A (en) 1984-12-31
JPH0311494B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-02-18
FR2515418B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1983-12-02
EP0078719A1 (fr) 1983-05-11

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