EP0078068A2 - Gaserzeuger - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0078068A2
EP0078068A2 EP82201046A EP82201046A EP0078068A2 EP 0078068 A2 EP0078068 A2 EP 0078068A2 EP 82201046 A EP82201046 A EP 82201046A EP 82201046 A EP82201046 A EP 82201046A EP 0078068 A2 EP0078068 A2 EP 0078068A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
tank
bell
generator according
gas generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP82201046A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0078068A3 (de
Inventor
Willy Evrard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0078068A2 publication Critical patent/EP0078068A2/de
Publication of EP0078068A3 publication Critical patent/EP0078068A3/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements to apparatuses used for the production of a gaseous fuel and more particularly to apparatuses, known as gasifiers, which have as their object the production of lean gas; the gas produced by these devices can be used in different applications, one of them, and not the least interesting being the supply of engines both stationary (for example driving generator sets) and mobile (for example mounted on vehicles ).
  • gas generating devices intended to power engines has been well known for a long time; the fuels used are various: charcoal, peat, lignite, coal (preferably lean coal), coke ...
  • the gas obtained is normally the product of incomplete combustion of carbon in an air stream which crosses a layer thick fuel; this gas - called gas in air - contains mainly nitrogen and carbon monoxide, and incidentally carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and possibly a small amount of ethane.
  • Conventional gas generators basically consist of a fuel hopper-store, at least part of which interior is frustoconical, closed at the bottom by a grid; a system for introducing combustion air into the gasifier - possibly by suction - and a system for treating the gas obtained complete the installation.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in gas generating apparatus and its main object is a gas production system free of its impurities by acting for this on the level of combustion and on the level of treatment of the gas produced.
  • This improved system ensures the production of a gas intended to supply the engine, under very economical conditions, without giving rise to any clogging either at the level of the hearth, or at the level of the filtering elements; it operates in self-regulation in conjunction with the gas flow required for the operation of the engine in service.
  • the improved gasifier object of the present invention, which comprises in series a fuel hopper-magazine, a hearth supplied with air, means for treating the gas produced and means for supplying a gas engine, is characterized in that the gas production system comprises, between the store and the hearth, an area of decreasing section whose walls are heated by the hearth and possibly by the heat of the nozzles and in that the gas treatment system comprises series, at least one lamellar filtration device, a washing device, and a centrifugation device.
  • the lower end of the zone located between the fuel store and the hearth is of the same shape, but of smaller cross section at the upper end of the zone constituting the hearth, and orifices are provided in the interval separating the walls of the two zones, to allow the passage of heat emanating from the hearth.
  • the high temperature intermediate zone presents ideal conditions for the dry pyrolysis of certain fuel components, before their arrival in the furnace; in addition, the high temperature walls on which certain residues of pyrolysis are deposited destroy these residues and in particular the tars.
  • the undesirable elements are thus transformed into C0 2 , CH 4 , H 2 ..., and their contact thereafter with the incandescent products located downstream further transforms these gases into useful products, by
  • This first aspect of the device of the invention provides an interesting improvement to the manufacture of a clean gas, while eliminating residues which are always bulky when they stagnate in the apparatus and in particular at the bottom of the hopper and along the walls. fireplace.
  • the device of the invention is characterized in that the treatment system for purifying the gas produced comprises a sealed tank, partially filled with water, a pipe for bringing the gas into said tank, pipe, the section of which preferably constitutes the end at the outlet of the gas is of substantially cylindrical shape and of substantially vertical direction, the outlet orifice being directed upwards, a bell of substantially vertical longitudinal axis disposed above the upper orifice of said supply pipe, the internal cross section of said bell being greater than the external cross section said pipe, said bell being provided at the periphery of its base, means for the flotation of the bell on the surface of the water contained in the tank, said tank being further provided with means for the emptying and introduction of water as well as, at its upper part, gas extraction means.
  • the gas treatment system comprises a device for keeping the water in the tank at a constant level; this device can for example be constituted by a pipe of which an orifice is located inside the tank, at the height of the desired water level and whose other orifice is outside the tank, at a level below the level d desired water in the tank.
  • the lower surface of the flotation means of the bell intended to come into contact with the water contained in the tank is flat; It does not, however, depart from the invention for this contact surface to be provided with protuberances such as, for example, concentric annular beads of diameters greater than that of the gas supply pipe.
  • the bell is provided, at the part of its base furthest from its longitudinal axis, with water retaining means, such as, for example, an annular edge located at near and above the flotation surface of the bell.
  • the water retaining means are arranged at a sufficient distance from the surface of the water to ensure contact between the water current retained by said means and falling back into the tank, and the gas laden with impurities and water which rises in the direction of said means for retaining water.
  • the gas treatment system may also include, at the outlet of the tank, means for mechanical purification of the gas, for example by centrifugation, sudden deviation of the current, etc.
  • the extraction of the gases outside the tank is carried out using a fan ensuring a vacuum in the part of the tank located above the surface of the water .
  • the gas treatment system can be equipped with means for returning the treated gas to the tank which would not be directly sent to the engine supply device.
  • the means for returning the gases comprise a valve the closing or opening movement of which is ensured by the variations in the vacuum prevailing in the upper part of the tank.
  • the system is preferably equipped with means for guiding the bell to permanently ensure the position of the latter above and around the upper end of the gas supply pipe in the tank.
  • the vessel constituting the treatment system can be composed of two coaxial enclosures, that is to say an interior enclosure, preferably of circular cross section, containing the gas supply pipe and the floating bell, and an enclosure said exterior in which the gas already partially purified extracted from the interior enclosure is projected and reprocessed mechanically before being sent to the gas engine, the two enclosures being in communication with their lower parts filled with water; it should be noted that under these conditions, the fan bringing the interior enclosure into depression can advantageously put the external enclosure under pressure.
  • the improved gasifier gas treatment system thus combines the effects of a lamellar filtration (when the gas leaving the supply line is forced, by the bell, to immerse in water following the surface - preferably striated - flotation), washing (by passing over the water retaining device located at the extreme periphery of the bell) and centrifugation (for example by passing through a cyclone located outside the tank); it thus ensures a remarkably thorough purification of the gas.
  • the system in question also has the advantages of being impregnable, since the main treatment area only has movable walls, in this case the surface of the water and the flotation surface of the bell; the regeneration of the process water charged with dust and other elements extracted from the gas is done simply by draining; finally the system is self-adjusting thanks to the bell which, either in the event of an exaggerated descent due to the lack of process water, closes the gas supply pipe, or in the event of excess water supply and insufficient overflow device, lifts up then its floats enter the water, which increases the pressure drop in the gas circuit and can cause the engine supply to stop.
  • the system allows easy adjustment of the engine supply thanks to the possibilities of gas recycling and the general scuplesse of its operation.
  • the present invention also relates to improvements to the gasifier supply systems itself.
  • one of these improvements consists in giving the hopper-magazine supplying fuels, an internal square or rectangular cross section, the corners of which are provided with internal reinforcements with vertical axes.
  • another improvement consists in providing the air supply orifices for the gasifier with means ensuring in combination the heating of this air and the protection against flames which may exist at the injection level.
  • air according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, these means can be constituted by a grid, preferably removable, of any design through which the air must pass.
  • the store hopper (A) has at its base the zone (B) of the nozzle holders (C) where the ignition of the fuel takes place; below the hearth (D) is arranged an ashtray (E) at the base of which the gases produced are extracted;
  • a pipe (F) brings these gases from the production device to the treatment device comprising, in the case of FIG. I, a cyclone (G), a pre-cooling system (H), a water trap ( J) and finally improved equipment (K) for filtration and washing, surmounted by a suction section (L); the purified gases are sent via a line (M) to the engine to be supplied.
  • Figure II shows in more detail the "gas production" part; there are (1) the feed store hopper and at its base an area (2) of decreasing section, called intermediate and located above the hearth (3); the lower orifice (4) of the zone (2) is of the same shape, but with a smaller perimeter than the upper orifice of the hearth, so that there remains between the two contours, a space (5).
  • the feyer (3; is equipped with air injectors (6) and (7) or nozzles ensuring combustion at this location.
  • the gas production system also has an area of first decreasing section (9) then flared (10) through which the gases are extracted to be sent to the purification system. via a pipe (11).
  • Figure III shows a cross section of the store hopper (1); we can see the corners (12) recessed inside to reduce the risk of clogging of the store.
  • Figure IV shows in detail, not to scale, the main gas treatment section; there is the sealed tank (13) partially filled with water (14), up to a level (15) kept constant by a device (16) for discharging the overflow; a gas supply pipe (17) opens above the water level (15); above the gas outlet orifice is disposed a bell (18) with a longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the section (19) of the pipe situated at the end on the outlet side of the gases; the base of the bell is provided with a flotation ring (20) whose surface in contact with water comprises annular beads (21); an edge (22) also annular surrounds the lower part of the bell, a short distance above the level (15).
  • the tank is also equipped with means (23) for draining and (24) filling with water, as well as a pipe (25) for the outlet of the gas.
  • the gas outlet pipe (25) is connected to a fan (26) which is followed by a pipe (27) sending the gas to the engine; this pipe is provided with a deflection (28) allowing gas to be returned to the tank, access to this deflection being authorized or prevented by a valve (29), the opening of which is controlled in connection with the supply requirements of the motor.
  • the tank consists of two coaxial enclosures (13) and (32), in communication with their lower parts.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
EP82201046A 1981-08-25 1982-08-20 Gaserzeuger Ceased EP0078068A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE6047508 1981-08-25
BE6/47508A BE890080A (fr) 1981-08-25 1981-08-25 Perfectionnements aux gazogenes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0078068A2 true EP0078068A2 (de) 1983-05-04
EP0078068A3 EP0078068A3 (de) 1983-08-10

Family

ID=3874900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82201046A Ceased EP0078068A3 (de) 1981-08-25 1982-08-20 Gaserzeuger

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4484930A (de)
EP (1) EP0078068A3 (de)
BE (1) BE890080A (de)
BR (1) BR8204953A (de)
ZA (1) ZA826133B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112375591A (zh) * 2020-11-19 2021-02-19 石平 一种秸秆焚烧用气化炉

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104930547A (zh) * 2015-06-05 2015-09-23 汉中永利环保科技有限责任公司 一种环保节能的反排式生物质气化炉

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US316520A (en) * 1885-04-28 James bowes
US23048A (en) * 1859-02-22 Improved treadle-stand
US1497098A (en) * 1924-06-10 Method ok introducing a steam jet to a wateb-oas-oenmator fuel bed
USRE23048E (en) 1948-11-09 ent office
US184049A (en) * 1876-11-07 Improvement in automatic heat-regulators for gas-machines
US764922A (en) * 1903-09-03 1904-07-12 Frank Everett Davis Dust-trap and ventilator.
US925415A (en) * 1908-08-28 1909-06-15 Gustaf Akerlund Gas-producer.
US1013368A (en) * 1911-03-06 1912-01-02 Allen A Blomfeldt Air-conditioning device.
BE358778A (de) * 1928-03-10
GB364926A (en) * 1931-03-06 1932-01-14 Power Gas Ltd Improvements in or relating to dust removal means for water gas plants
FR829808A (fr) * 1937-03-09 1938-07-07 Perfectionnements aux appareils pour la production de gaz pauvres, notamment pour moteurs de véhicules automobiles
FR871779A (fr) * 1940-12-31 1942-05-09 Filtre à niveau variable et à débit constant
FR875671A (fr) * 1941-09-30 1942-09-30 Perfectionnements aux gazogènes à bois
FR891845A (fr) * 1942-12-11 1944-03-21 Perfectionnements aux gazogènes à bois
FR897696A (fr) * 1943-03-22 1945-03-28 Gazogène
FR1122221A (fr) * 1954-04-30 1956-09-04 Gazogène
US3239999A (en) * 1963-04-29 1966-03-15 Ed A Jones Flue gas scrubbing apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112375591A (zh) * 2020-11-19 2021-02-19 石平 一种秸秆焚烧用气化炉
CN112375591B (zh) * 2020-11-19 2022-10-18 石平 一种秸秆焚烧用气化炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8204953A (pt) 1983-08-02
BE890080A (fr) 1982-02-25
EP0078068A3 (de) 1983-08-10
US4484930A (en) 1984-11-27
ZA826133B (en) 1983-07-27

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