EP0077486A1 - A method of reflecting high-frequency microwaves - Google Patents
A method of reflecting high-frequency microwaves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0077486A1 EP0077486A1 EP82109136A EP82109136A EP0077486A1 EP 0077486 A1 EP0077486 A1 EP 0077486A1 EP 82109136 A EP82109136 A EP 82109136A EP 82109136 A EP82109136 A EP 82109136A EP 0077486 A1 EP0077486 A1 EP 0077486A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- frequency microwaves
- metal layer
- nickel
- reflecting high
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound [B].CNC RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] ZGDWHDKHJKZZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/12—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
- D01F11/127—Metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
- H01Q15/142—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface
Definitions
- carbon fibers as reinforcing fibers for the production of fiber composite materials, especially with epoxy resins or polyimide resins, these fiber composite materials being used, for example, in aircraft construction.
- These carbon fibers also have the property of reflecting microwaves, but this effect is limited to frequencies up to 10 GHz. At frequencies above 10 GHz, the microwave reflection drops sharply, so that the conventional carbon fiber fabrics are unsatisfactory in the interesting range of 70 GHz and above. Since a low loss of reflection is required for these short-wave radar beams, metal mesh or metal sheets were previously required. Although these materials show the desired good values, they will be eliminated in the future for weight reasons.
- the object of the invention was to provide a method which uses materials which are suitable for reflection of high-frequency microwaves at low weights.
- Carbon fibers are known to those skilled in the art and can be made from various starting materials, e.g. made from cellulose derivatives, polyacrylonitrile fibers, special pitch types or bitumen.
- metallized carbon fibers to be used according to the invention do not show satisfactory microwave reflection above 10 GHz.
- the electrical conductivity is improved by the metallization. Depending on the metal layer thickness and quality, this can provide additional protection from electrostatic charging up to lightning protection.
- the metallization can be carried out in a known manner, for example by the processes described in DE-PS 2 743 768 or in DE-OS 30 25 307.
- a carbon filament yarn fabric is activated for 10 seconds in a solution of 0.01 g / 1 butadiene palladium chloride, dried and then for 5 minutes in a metallizing bath containing 30 g / 1 nickel chloride. 6H 2 0, 10 g / 1 citric acid and 3 g / 1 dimethylamine borane and has pH 8.5, nickel-plated.
- the carbon filament yarn fabric has absorbed 30.8 g nickel / m 2 and has a resistance per square of 0.2 ohm.
- the nickel-plated carbon filament yarn fabric is positioned in the microwave transmitter at 90 °.
- the reflection loss R is measured in db (decibels).
- the high reflection of high-frequency microwaves above 10 GHz additionally increases the protection of objects against the penetration of microwave radiation.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Es ist bekannt, Kohlenstoffasern als Verstärkungsfasern zur Herstellung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen, vor allem mit Epoxidharzen oder Polyimidharzen zu verwenden, wobei diese Faserverbundwerkstoffe beispielsweise in Flugzeugbau Verwendung finden. Diese Kohlenstoffasern zeigen darüber hinaus die Eigenschaft, daß sie Mikrowellen reflektieren, jedoch ist dieser Effekt auf Frequenzen bis zu 10 GHz beschränkt. Bei Frequenzen oberhalb 10 GHz fällt die Mikrowellenreflexion stark ab, so daß im interesanten Bereich von 70 GHz und darüber die herkömmlichen Kohlenstofffasergewebe unbefriedigend sind. Da bei diesen kurzwelligen Radarstrahlen ein niedriger Reflexionsverlust verlangt wird, war man bisher auf Metallgewebe oder Metallbleche angewiesen. Diese Werkstoffe zeigen zwar die gewünscht guten Werte, scheiden jedoch in Zukunft aus Gewichtsgründen aus.It is known to use carbon fibers as reinforcing fibers for the production of fiber composite materials, especially with epoxy resins or polyimide resins, these fiber composite materials being used, for example, in aircraft construction. These carbon fibers also have the property of reflecting microwaves, but this effect is limited to frequencies up to 10 GHz. At frequencies above 10 GHz, the microwave reflection drops sharply, so that the conventional carbon fiber fabrics are unsatisfactory in the interesting range of 70 GHz and above. Since a low loss of reflection is required for these short-wave radar beams, metal mesh or metal sheets were previously required. Although these materials show the desired good values, they will be eliminated in the future for weight reasons.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es, ein Verfahren bereit zu stellen, das Materialien verwendet, die bei niedrigen Gewichten zu Reflexion hochfrequenter Mikrowellen geeignet sind.The object of the invention was to provide a method which uses materials which are suitable for reflection of high-frequency microwaves at low weights.
überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß man dies mit metallisierten Kohlenstoff-Fäden und -Fasern oder daraus gefertigten Flächengebilden erreicht.Surprisingly, it has been found that this can be achieved with metallized carbon threads and fibers or flat structures made therefrom.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein Verfahren zur Reflexion hochfrequenter Mikrowellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man in den Strahlengang metallisierte Kohlenstoff-Fäden oder -Fasern oder daraus gefertigte textile Flächengebilde bringt. Die metallisierten Kohlenstoff-Fäden und -Fasern bzw. daraus gefertigte Flächengebilde können als solche oder auch in Form als Verstärkungsfasern in Faserverbundwerkstoffen eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugte Metalle sind Nickel,Kobalt, Kupfer, Gold und Silber bzw. Legierungen dieser Metalle untereinander oder mit Eisen, wobei Nickel und Kobalt sowie Kobalt-Nickel-Kombinationen bevorzugt sind. Die Dicke der Metallschicht liegt zwischen 0,05 und 10 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 und 1 µm. Auch können verschiedene Schichten chemisch oder elektrochemisch aufeinander in beliebiger Reihenfolge abgeschieden werden, so z.B. nach der Verkupferung zum Oxidationsschutz eine Vernikkelung.The invention therefore relates to a method for reflecting high-frequency microwaves, characterized in that carbon fibers or fibers or metallized textile fabrics made therefrom are brought into the beam path. The metallized carbon threads and fibers or fabric made therefrom can be used as such or in the form of reinforcing fibers in fiber composite materials. Preferred metals are nickel, cobalt, copper, gold and silver or alloys of these metals with one another or with iron, nickel and cobalt and cobalt-nickel combinations being preferred. The thickness of the metal layer is between 0.05 and 10 μm, preferably between 0.1 and 1 μm. Different layers can also be deposited chemically or electrochemically on each other in any order, e.g. after copper plating to protect against oxidation.
Kohlenstoffasern sind dem Fachmann bekannt und können aus verschiedenen Ausgangsmaterialien hergestellt sein, z.B. aus Cellulosederivaten, Polyacrylnitrilfasern, speziellen Pechsorten oder Bitumen.Carbon fibers are known to those skilled in the art and can be made from various starting materials, e.g. made from cellulose derivatives, polyacrylonitrile fibers, special pitch types or bitumen.
Im Vergleich zu den erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenen metallisierten Kohlenstoffasern zeigen andere metallisierte Fasern, beispielsweise synthetische und native Fasern aus organischen Polymeren keine befriedigende Mikrowellenreflexion oberhalb 10 GHz.In comparison to the metallized carbon fibers to be used according to the invention, other metallized fibers, for example synthetic and native fibers made from organic polymers, do not show satisfactory microwave reflection above 10 GHz.
Für die metallisierten Kohlenstoffasergewebe ist es ferner von Vorteil, daß durch die Metallisierung die elektrische Leitfähigkeit verbessert wird. Dadurch kann je nach Metallschichtdicke und Qualität ein zusätzlicher Schutz vor elektrostatischer Aufladung bis hin zum Blitzschutz erreicht werden.For the metallized carbon fiber fabrics, it is also advantageous that the electrical conductivity is improved by the metallization. Depending on the metal layer thickness and quality, this can provide additional protection from electrostatic charging up to lightning protection.
Die Metallisierung kann in bekannter Weise durchgeführt werden, beispielsweise nach den in DE-PS 2 743 768 oder in DE-OS 30 25 307 geschilderten Verfahren.The metallization can be carried out in a known manner, for example by the processes described in DE-PS 2 743 768 or in DE-OS 30 25 307.
Ein Kohlenstoff-Filamentgarngewebe wird 10 Sek. in eine Lösung von 0,01 g/1 Butadienpalladiumchlorid aktiviert, getrocknet und anschließend 5 Min. in einem Metallisierungsbad, daß 30 g/1 Nickelchlorid . 6H20, 10 g/1 Zitronensäure und 3 g/1 Dimethylaminboran enthält und pH 8,5 hat, vernickelt. Das Kohlenstoff-Filamentgarngewebe hat 30,8 g Nickel/m2 aufgenommen und besitzt einen Widerstand pro Quadrat von 0,2 Ohm.A carbon filament yarn fabric is activated for 10 seconds in a solution of 0.01 g / 1 butadiene palladium chloride, dried and then for 5 minutes in a metallizing bath containing 30 g / 1 nickel chloride. 6H 2 0, 10 g / 1 citric acid and 3 g / 1 dimethylamine borane and has pH 8.5, nickel-plated. The carbon filament yarn fabric has absorbed 30.8 g nickel / m 2 and has a resistance per square of 0.2 ohm.
Das vernickelte Kohlenstoff-Filamentgarngewebe wird zum Mikrowellensender in 90° in Position gebracht. Der Reflexionsverlust R wird in db (Dezibel) gemessen.
Durch die hohe Reflexion von hochfrequenten Mikrowellen oberhalb 10 GHz wird zusätzlich ein erhöhter Schutz von Objekten gegenüber Eindringen der Mikrowellenstrahlung erzielt.The high reflection of high-frequency microwaves above 10 GHz additionally increases the protection of objects against the penetration of microwave radiation.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19813141118 DE3141118A1 (en) | 1981-10-16 | 1981-10-16 | METHOD FOR REFLECTING HIGH-FREQUENCY MICROWAVES |
| DE3141118 | 1981-10-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0077486A1 true EP0077486A1 (en) | 1983-04-27 |
Family
ID=6144243
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82109136A Withdrawn EP0077486A1 (en) | 1981-10-16 | 1982-10-04 | A method of reflecting high-frequency microwaves |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0077486A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5879303A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3141118A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3436063A1 (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-04-10 | Autoflug Gmbh, 2084 Rellingen | STACKED ARRANGEMENT TO IMPROVE RADAR REFLECTION |
| GB2226704A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1990-07-04 | Corrocoat Limited | Deflection of radiation by particulate matter |
| GB2256529A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1992-12-09 | Marconi Electronic Devices | Antenna arrangements |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62166603A (en) * | 1986-01-20 | 1987-07-23 | Toray Ind Inc | Antenna structure body |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2015652B1 (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1971-08-05 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Gmbh | Chaff made from a conductive coated fiber |
| DE2818523A1 (en) * | 1977-05-10 | 1978-11-16 | Toray Industries | POROESE FIBER CARBON MATERIAL |
| EP0010711A1 (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-05-14 | Bayer Ag | Use of a metallised fabric as a microwave reflector |
-
1981
- 1981-10-16 DE DE19813141118 patent/DE3141118A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1982
- 1982-10-04 EP EP82109136A patent/EP0077486A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-10-15 JP JP18009082A patent/JPS5879303A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2015652B1 (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1971-08-05 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Gmbh | Chaff made from a conductive coated fiber |
| DE2818523A1 (en) * | 1977-05-10 | 1978-11-16 | Toray Industries | POROESE FIBER CARBON MATERIAL |
| EP0010711A1 (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-05-14 | Bayer Ag | Use of a metallised fabric as a microwave reflector |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3436063A1 (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-04-10 | Autoflug Gmbh, 2084 Rellingen | STACKED ARRANGEMENT TO IMPROVE RADAR REFLECTION |
| GB2226704A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1990-07-04 | Corrocoat Limited | Deflection of radiation by particulate matter |
| GB2256529A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1992-12-09 | Marconi Electronic Devices | Antenna arrangements |
| GB2256529B (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1995-08-16 | Marconi Electronic Devices | Antenna arrangements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5879303A (en) | 1983-05-13 |
| DE3141118A1 (en) | 1983-04-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19821004 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 19830506 |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: EBNETH, HAROLD, DR. Inventor name: GIESECKE, HENNING, DR. Inventor name: WOLF, GERHARD DIETER, DR. Inventor name: FITZKY, HANS GEORG, DR. |