EP0077438A2 - Von Luft angetriebener Kreisel - Google Patents

Von Luft angetriebener Kreisel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0077438A2
EP0077438A2 EP82106598A EP82106598A EP0077438A2 EP 0077438 A2 EP0077438 A2 EP 0077438A2 EP 82106598 A EP82106598 A EP 82106598A EP 82106598 A EP82106598 A EP 82106598A EP 0077438 A2 EP0077438 A2 EP 0077438A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
vanes
recited
axial
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82106598A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0077438A3 (en
Inventor
Lee Spector
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0077438A2 publication Critical patent/EP0077438A2/de
Publication of EP0077438A3 publication Critical patent/EP0077438A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H1/00—Tops
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F9/00—Games not otherwise provided for
    • A63F9/16—Spinning-top games

Definitions

  • the air flow is utilized in one of two ways.
  • One technique directs an air flow against some form of structure or surface incorporated on the top so that, in reaction to the force, the top rotates.
  • An example of this technique is U. S. Patent No. 3,372,511 which discloses a top wherein rotation is imparted by an exterior tangential air flow which impinges upon peripherally located vanes.
  • This structure comprises an impact turbine.
  • the second technique directs an axial air flow introduced through a tube to a radial direction and then a substantially tangential direction through the use of spiral air passages within the top.
  • the air flow is directed from an axial direction abruptly to a radial direction by means of openings in the wall of a vertical entrance barrel into generally horizontal air passages.
  • the air passages extend from a substantially radial inner section to a substantially tangential outer section. Examples of this type of top are disclosed in U. S. Patent Nos. 561,944 and 1,349,226. These structures are both reaction turbines and Hero's turbines.
  • the first technique limits the rotational acceleration of the top in that the acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied to the top, i.e., the flow of air against a structure or surface on the top and most of the energy in the air flow is wasted.
  • the second technique limits the air volume which enters the air passages by the size of the openings in the entrance barrel wall, thereby reducing the turbine effect created by the curved air passages.
  • These tops are characterized by very poor internal air flow efficiency. These tops basically rely on the jet principle of air exiting tangentially from ports at the periphery of the top to impart rotation.
  • a top with increased efficiency would require less exertion by a person delivering air through a tube to [the top to achieve sufficient rotational velocity for.the top to] remain spinning for a [long] period of time.
  • top which produces a whistling sound when sufficient rotational velocity is achieved. Additionally, it is desirable to produce a top capable of rotating on axial points, either above or below the main body of the top. In this manner, the top may be inverted and yet remain rotating. Also, it is desirable to produce a top which is inexpensive to build.
  • a top comprising a turbine chamber wherein downwardly axially introduced air is gradually directed radially and then tangentially to discharge through ports along the periphery of the top.
  • the top comprises an upper section bonded to a lower section, thereby creating a turbine chamber between the sections.
  • the upper section includes an axial entrance barrel forming an axial passage for temporarily receiving an air delivery tube for delivery of air to the turbine chamber. It also has an upper wall which slopes downwardly and radially outwardly from the bottom of the entrance barrel, preferably forming a wall that becomes increasingly horizontal as the radial distance between the upper wall and the axis of the top increases.
  • the lower section comprises a lower wall which extends radially at the periphery and preferably has a raised central region for smoothly deflecting downwardly axially introduced air to a radial direction.
  • the turbine chamber comprises a plurality of vertical turbine vanes between the upper and lower walls and integral with one of the walls.
  • the turbine vanes have a substantially radial inner end adjacent the axial passage and extend in a spiral path to the periphery so that at the periphery the vanes have a major tangential component and only a minor radial component.
  • the vanes divide the chamber into air passages which are in communication with the axial passage and with air discharge ports around the periphery.
  • the top further comprises means for forming an axial point below the lower wall.
  • Embodiments include a bottom wall extending from the periphery of the lower wall downwardly and radially inwardly to form an axial point and an axial rod extending below and attached to the lower wall.
  • F IG. 1 is an isometric view of a game apparatus incorporating a top 10 constructed according to the principles of this invention.
  • the game apparatus has an arena 11 in which one or more rotating tops can move laterally. Typically, two or more tops rotate on the playing surface 12 of the arena and may contact each other. Such a collision creates the possibility that one of the tops may be ejected from the arena over a low wall 13 at the perimeter of the playing surface or impact against one of the air delivery tube supports 14, hereinafter described in greater detail. Either of these events can cause one of the tops to be knocked over and cease rotating. In such a game, the winning top is the one that remains rotating in the arena the longest time.
  • a particularly preferred top for use in this game is powered by an air turbine.
  • the top is assembled from three injection molded plastic parts shown in the side exploded view of FIG. 3 with portions cut away in cross-section.
  • the upper section 16 of the top includes an upwardly extending generally cylindrical entrance barrel 17 which forms an axial passage 18 for temporarily receiving an air delivery tube 19.
  • the diameter of the entrance barrel is such that an ordinary drinking straw may be used as the air delivery tube.
  • An upper wall 21 extends from the lower end of the entrance barrel downwardly and radially outwardly to the circular periphery of the top.
  • the upper wall has a slope that gradually becomes more horizontal as the radial distance between the axis of the top and the wall increases.
  • the top also has a lower section 22 which includes a generally circular lower wall 23.
  • the lower wall has a raised central area 24 wherein the wall slopes downwardly and radially outwardly from its apex to an outer generally flat horizontal area 26 which extends to the periphery.
  • peripheral means the cylindrical region of the top which is at the greatest radial distance from the axis of the top and comprises the outer perimeters of the upper and lower walls, the outer ends of the turbine vanes, and the air discharge ports.
  • the upper and lower sections are joined so as to form a turbine chamber 27 therebetween.
  • the means for joining the two sections are eight turbine vanes 28 as shown in a bottom view of the upper section in FIG. 4, although as few as two may be used.
  • the vanes are of uniform thickness and extend from the upper wall to, or almost to, the lower wall.
  • the vanes are made with uniform thickness for maximizing the cross-section of air passages 32 between adjacent vanes for minimizing pressure drop and maximizing air flow and rotational velocity.
  • the vanes are integral with the upper wall.
  • Each of the turbine vanes has an inner end 29 near the axial passage 18 that extends from the top of the entrance barrel to the lower wall.
  • the inner ends of the vanes have a principally radial direction.
  • the vanes extend from their inner ends in a spiral pattern to the outer ends 31 at the periphery.
  • the outer ends have a substantial tangential component.
  • the outer ends are not, however, exactly tangential.
  • a substantial tangential component means a horizontal direction in which the tangential component is greater than the radial component.
  • the vanes subdivide the turbine chamber into air passages 32 between adjacent vanes.
  • the air passages are continuous with the axial passage 18 and, like the vanes, the direction of the air passages adjacent to the axial passage is principally radial.
  • the air passages extend between adjacent vanes to the periphery of the top where they are continuous with air discharge ports 33.
  • the direction of the air discharge ports is, like the outer ends of the vanes, substantially tangential. It has been found that higher rotational velocity can be achieved if the air passages adjacent to the discharge ports have a minor radial component in addition to a major tangential component as compared with entirely tangential passages.
  • the vertical height of the vanes decrease as the radial distance from the axis to the vanes increases. Near the periphery, the vanes extend to the flat area 26 of the lower wall and form a means for attachment thereto. Attachment may be by plastic cement, solvent glue, ultrasonic welding, or the like.
  • the upper section includes eight studs 34 extending downwardly from the bottom of the vanes.
  • the lower wall engages the studs by means of an alignment channel 36 in the lower wall.
  • the studs and alignment channel are located such that when they are engaged, the upper and lower sections are coaxial.
  • Assembly of the upper and lower section is further facilitated by means of a short axial rod 37 extending below the lower wall and integral with the lower wall.
  • the rod is of sufficient thickness and stiffness so as to act as a handle during the assembly of the upper and lower sections.
  • the upper section is inverted in a fixture on a wheel.
  • a lower section is gripped by the rod 37, dipped onto an annular glue source, and set onto the upper section so that : the studs fit into the channel.
  • the wheel gradually rotates for setting of the glue before the next assembly step.
  • the vanes do not extend all the way to the lower wall. This leaves a gap 38 below the vanes and adjacent to the raised central region of the lower wall. The height of the gap decreases as the radial distance between the inner ends of the vanes and the gap increases until the vanes contact the lower wall at a location approximately midway between the axial passage and the periphery of the top.
  • the gap is incidental to manufacture of the top.
  • the lower wall is curved in its central region and flat nearer the periphery.
  • the vanes are flat in the same region that the lower wall is flat for bonding.
  • the inner portions of the vanes are generally conical to provide clearance from the curved portion of the lower wall. This permits assembly without interference. This geometry is less costly than making the inner ends of the vanes with curvature matching that of the lower wall and avoids mismatches that could lead to assembly problems.
  • Air pressure in the passages on each side of the narrow resultant gap is substantially equal so that little, if any, air leakage occurs. No effect on rotational velocity of the top due to such gaps has been detected.
  • the inner ends of adjacent turbine vanes are at different radial distances to the axis of the top. Half of the inner ends of the vanes are adjacent the axial passage.
  • the inner ends of these vanes give support in addition to that given by the entrance barrel to an air delivery tube which is temporarily introduced to the axial passage during delivery of air to the top.
  • the inner ends of the other vanes are at a greater radial distance from the axis. This minimizes obstruction near the axial passage to the air flow as it is being directed from an axial direction to a radial direction.
  • the top generates initial rotational acceleration by a combination of two mechanisms. As the air flow is directed through the air passages, the air produces a reactive force against the entire length and width of the vane. Furthermore, the top utilizes the jet principle of air exiting tangentially from ports at the periphery of the top to accelerate rotation. Both techniques are enhanced by an internal increase in effeciency of air flow within the air passages.
  • Loss of efficiency occurs due to abrupt changes in the direction of the air flow.
  • transition of air flow from axial to radial can be obtained while minimizing the loss of momentum of the air flow due to abrupt directional changes.
  • Efficiency can be further increased by maximizing the volume of air entering the turbine chamber since energy transferred to the top depends on the mass of air flowing through it. It is also desirable to maximize velocity of air within the air passages and at the exit ports. This occurs as both the height and width of the air passages gradually decrease toward the periphery, thereby gradually reducing the cross-section of the air passages.
  • the relatively large inlets to the air passages and small cross-section of the air passages at the discharge ports provide smooth acceleration of air. By having both the height and width of the passages converging, pressure drop can be minimized while still maximizing exit velocity of the air.
  • the initial rotational acceleration is also dependent upon the mass of the top.
  • the acceleration can be maximized by minimizing the mass of the top, hence the use of plastic for constructing the top.
  • the initial rotational acceleration is maximized. This has the advantage of allowing a person, by blowing air into the top through a tube, to accelerate the top to sufficient rotational velocity to enable the top to remain rotating for a long period of time while minimizing the person's effort, i.e., it requires fewer and less strenuous puffs to achieve the desired rotational velocity.
  • the top also includes a means for forming an axial point which supports the top while rotating.
  • the preferred embodiment of this invention utilizes a bottom wall 39 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the bottom wall slopes upwardly and radially outwardly from the axial point to the perimeter of the lower wall, thus forming a first cone which extends to a location between the axis and the periphery of the top and there extending in a second cone, having a greater horizontal component than the first cone, to the periphery.
  • the bottom wall engages the lower section at the perimeter of the lower wall (which, in this embodiment, could also be considered an intermediate section) by means of a first short cylindrical wall 41 extending upwardly at the periphery of the bottom wall and a second short cylindrical wall 42 extending downwardly from the lower wall.
  • the outside diameter of the second cylindrical wall is approximately equal-to the inside diameter of the first cylindrical wall so-that the first cylindrical wall can fit tightly over the second cylindrical wall, so that the two pieces are coaxial.
  • the pieces may be permanently attached by means of plastic cement, solvent glue, ultrasonic welding, or the like. Such assembly can be at a subsequent station on the rotating wheel. Automatic assembly can also be used.
  • the first cylindrical wall includes two outwardly extending bumps 43.
  • the bumps provide greater reaction to contact between the rotating top and a stationary object or another rotating top than a top without the bumps.
  • the bumps are symmetrically located to maintain balance of the top and are gently rounded for minimizing discomfort when a person grasps a rapidly spinning top. This is not a minor consideration since the effective design of the turbine gives very high rotational velocities. Speeds as high as 25,000 RPM have been measured and grasping a top with non-smooth bumps at such speed can be rather painful.
  • the bottom wall When the bottom wall is attached to the lower section, there is a space between the bottom wall and the lower wall which serves as a whistling chamber 44. As shown in FIG. 5, the bottom wall comprises a pair of openings 46 which induce resonant pressure variations in the whistle chamber during rotation of the top, thereby causing the top to emit a whistling sound. By varying the locations of the holes, the top can be made to whistle at different velocities.
  • the description given is of one preferred embodiment of a top constructed according to principles of the invention.
  • the upper and lower sections may be molded so that the turbine vanes are integral with the lower section, instead of the upper section.
  • the studs would extend upwardly from the upper side of the vanes and engage an alignment channel in the upper wall.
  • the studs may engage corresponding alignment holes or slots in the upper or lower wall instead of an alignment channel.
  • the use of a channel instead of holes or slots is to increase the flexibility of molding parameters.
  • the molding of a section that incorporates holes or slots may be subject to stress of distortion from molding "sinks" more than a molding that incorporates a uniform symmetrical channel.
  • Tops made according to the principles of this invention are particularly suited to a game apparatus, as briefly described above.
  • a top is situated directly below a vertical cylindrical hole 48 in the upper end of an air delivery tube support 14 that overhangs the playing surface 12 of the arena 11 so that the axial point of the top is located in a dimple 50 on the playing surface of the arena, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows the arena with two air delivery tube supports attached. The supports are removable and two additional supports may be attached to the pedestals 53.
  • the hole in the upper end of the support is of large enough diameter to allow the passage of an air delivery tube through the hole and into the entrance barrel of the top.
  • the air delivery tube has a bellows 51 which serves two functions.
  • the bellows is of greater diameter than the hole in the upper end of the support.
  • the bellows thus acts as a stop for the air delivery tube so that the air delivery tube may extend below the hole in the support and engage the entrance barrel and turbine chamber of the top without making contact with the lower wall of the top.
  • the bellows further provides a means for bending the air delivery tube away from the center of the playing surface to facilitate access to several tubes by a group of players.
  • Rotation of the top is initiated by a player blowing into the air delivery tube re plural puffs. Once sufficient rotational velocity has been achieved, the player withdraws the air delivery tube from the top and the holder and the tops are free to acquire lateral momentum.
  • the playing surface is slightly concave so that the tops tend to migrate toward the center of the playing surface.
  • the playing surface has four spiral ridges 52 extending from a location near the periphery to a location between the periphery and the center of the playing surface.
  • the ridges have two functions. First, the ridges direct slowly laterally moving tops toward the center, yet will allow a rapidly laterally moving top to ride over the ridge without knocking the top down. Secondly, the ridges tend to divide the playing surface into sections. The tops then are caused to rotate within their own sections until the ridges and the slope of the playing surface causes the tops to migrate toward the center. When the tops migrate to the central area, there is a possibility of contact between the tops.
  • the bumps on the periphery of the top provide substantial reaction to contact between the tops.
  • One or more of the tops may be knocked down or deflected over the arena wall due to such contact.
  • the bumps provide that contact between a rotating top and a stationary object such as the air delivery tube supports may cause the top to be knocked down or ejected from the playing surface.
  • the wall of the arena is at a sufficiently low height that the periphery of the top may overhang the arena wall and contact such an air delivery tube support.
  • the height of the wall is such that a rapidly moving top impacting against the wall will be ejected from the arena, but that a slowly moving top impacting against the wall will be deflected back into the arena.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate another embodiment of a top constructed according to the principles of this invention.
  • the top comprises an upper section and a lower section with a turbine chamber therebetween.
  • the upper section 116 of the top includes an upwardly extending generally cylindrical entrance barrel 117 which forms an axial passage 118 for temporarily receiving an air delivery tube 19.
  • An upper wall 121 extends from the lower end of the entrance barrel downwardly and radially outwardly to the circular periphery of the top.
  • the upper wall comprises a slope that gradually becomes more horizontal as the radial distance between the axis of the top and the wall increases.
  • the lower section 122 includes a generally circular lower wall 123.
  • the lower wall has a raised central area 124 in which the wall slopes downwardly and radially outwardly from its apex to an outer generally flat horizontal area 126 which extends to the periphery.
  • the upper and lower sections are joined so as to form a turbine chamber 127 therebetween.
  • the means for joining the two sections are eight turbine vanes 128.
  • the vanes are of uniform thickness and extend from the upper wall to, or almost to, the lower wall.
  • Each of the turbine vanes has an inner end near the axial passage 118 that extends from the upper wall substantially to the lower wall.
  • the inner ends of the vanes have a substantially radial direction.
  • the vanes extend from their inner ends in a spiral pattern to the outer ends at the periphery.
  • the outer ends have a substantial tangential component, but the outer ends are not, however, exactly tangential.
  • the vanes subdivide the turbine chamber into air passages 132 between adjacent vanes.
  • the air passages are continuous with the axial passage 118 and, like the vanes, the direction of the air passages adjacent to the axial passage is substantially radial.
  • the air passages extend between adjacent vanes to the periphery of the top where they are continuous with air discharge ports 133.
  • the direction of the air discharge ports is substantially tangential.
  • the inner ends of adjacent turbine vanes are at different radial distances to the axis of the top. Half of the inner ends of the vanes are adjacent to the axial passage.
  • the inner ends of these vanes give support, in addition to that given by the entrance barrel, to an air delivery tube which is temporarily introduced to the axial passage during delivery of the air to the top.
  • the inner ends of the other vanes are at a greater radial distance from the axis. This minimizes obstruction near the axial passage to air flow as it is being directed from an axial direction to a radial direction.
  • the means for forming an axial point in this embodiment is an axial rod 45.
  • the axial rod extends below the lower section and is attached thereto.
  • the rod as shown in cross-section in FIG. 6, can also extend upward from the lower wall, through the turbine chamber and entrance barrel, thereby forming an axial point above the upper section.
  • An axial rod extending upwardly from the lower wall through the turbine chamber and entrance barrel may also be incorporated in an embodiment which utilizes a bottom wall for forming an axial point below the lower wall.
  • the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, has the advantage of enabling the top to remain rotating while inverted. This may be accomplished by introducing an air delivery tube to the axial chamber such that the axial rod extending through the turbine chamber and entrance barrel is inserted in the air delivery tube.
  • the top is inverted and stabilized by the air delivery tube. Air is delivered to the top through the air delivery tube upwardly through the axial passage and into the air passages, thereby imparting rotation to the top. The top can then be flipped off of the air delivery tube onto a horizontal surface wherein rotation will continue. This feature can provide additional amusement to one playing a game which incorporates these tops or simply to anyone playing with the tops.
  • An alternate whistle arrangement as shown in cross-section in FIG. 7, may be employed.
  • This comprises a pair of horizontal circular plates 47 inside the entrance barrel and integral with the entrance barrel.
  • the plates have central openings 48 so that air flowing through the openings while the top is rotating produces a whistling sound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
EP82106598A 1981-10-19 1982-07-21 Air-driven toy spinning top Withdrawn EP0077438A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31269981A 1981-10-19 1981-10-19
US312699 1981-10-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0077438A2 true EP0077438A2 (de) 1983-04-27
EP0077438A3 EP0077438A3 (en) 1983-08-31

Family

ID=23212616

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82106598A Withdrawn EP0077438A3 (en) 1981-10-19 1982-07-21 Air-driven toy spinning top

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0077438A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS5867276A (de)
AU (1) AU8630482A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4772241A (en) * 1987-07-22 1988-09-20 Mattel, Inc. Toy top with impeller-driven flywheel
EP2108416A1 (de) * 2008-04-08 2009-10-14 Tomy Company, Ltd. Spielvorrichtung für Spielzeugkreisel
US7874892B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2011-01-25 Mattel, Inc. Fluid driven vehicle playset
WO2013168961A1 (ko) * 2012-05-08 2013-11-14 Choi Sin-Kyu 팽이
KR101423672B1 (ko) * 2012-05-08 2014-07-25 최신규 팽이
USD838316S1 (en) * 2016-06-01 2019-01-15 Tomy Company, Ltd. Playing surface for spinning toy top
USD859531S1 (en) * 2017-06-20 2019-09-10 Tomy Company, Ltd. Playing surface for spinning top toy

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007322022A (ja) * 2006-05-30 2007-12-13 Denso Corp 圧縮機装置および冷媒循環装置
CN100374686C (zh) * 2006-08-14 2008-03-12 吴法森 聚能脉冲式蒸汽轮机
JP2012040333A (ja) * 2010-08-18 2012-03-01 Kensuke Otsubo 風力回転コマ用の羽根

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US561944A (en) * 1896-06-09 Spinning-top
US1349226A (en) * 1920-01-08 1920-08-10 Herman C Sauter Spinning-top
US2639546A (en) * 1949-05-17 1953-05-26 Shockey Glen Dee Spinning top with bead chain swivel
US2879623A (en) * 1956-10-15 1959-03-31 Proll Gustave Molded plastic reed plate
US3452470A (en) * 1967-04-27 1969-07-01 Robert C Wohlstrom Breakaway spinning top

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US561944A (en) * 1896-06-09 Spinning-top
US1349226A (en) * 1920-01-08 1920-08-10 Herman C Sauter Spinning-top
US2639546A (en) * 1949-05-17 1953-05-26 Shockey Glen Dee Spinning top with bead chain swivel
US2879623A (en) * 1956-10-15 1959-03-31 Proll Gustave Molded plastic reed plate
US3452470A (en) * 1967-04-27 1969-07-01 Robert C Wohlstrom Breakaway spinning top

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4772241A (en) * 1987-07-22 1988-09-20 Mattel, Inc. Toy top with impeller-driven flywheel
US7874892B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2011-01-25 Mattel, Inc. Fluid driven vehicle playset
EP2108416A1 (de) * 2008-04-08 2009-10-14 Tomy Company, Ltd. Spielvorrichtung für Spielzeugkreisel
US8066543B2 (en) 2008-04-08 2011-11-29 Tomy Company, Ltd. Toy top playing apparatus
CN104114247A (zh) * 2012-05-08 2014-10-22 崔信奎 陀螺
KR101423672B1 (ko) * 2012-05-08 2014-07-25 최신규 팽이
WO2013168961A1 (ko) * 2012-05-08 2013-11-14 Choi Sin-Kyu 팽이
JP2015509766A (ja) * 2012-05-08 2015-04-02 チェ シンギュＣＨＯＩ， Ｓｈｉｎ−Ｋｙｕ コマ
CN104114247B (zh) * 2012-05-08 2016-02-03 崔信奎 陀螺
US9616351B2 (en) 2012-05-08 2017-04-11 Shin-Kyu Choi Top
US10137380B2 (en) 2012-05-08 2018-11-27 Shin-Kyu Choi Top
USD838316S1 (en) * 2016-06-01 2019-01-15 Tomy Company, Ltd. Playing surface for spinning toy top
USD859531S1 (en) * 2017-06-20 2019-09-10 Tomy Company, Ltd. Playing surface for spinning top toy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5867276A (ja) 1983-04-21
EP0077438A3 (en) 1983-08-31
AU8630482A (en) 1983-04-28

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