EP0076027B1 - Nach pulvermetallurgischem Verfahren hergestellte Formkörper - Google Patents

Nach pulvermetallurgischem Verfahren hergestellte Formkörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0076027B1
EP0076027B1 EP82304064A EP82304064A EP0076027B1 EP 0076027 B1 EP0076027 B1 EP 0076027B1 EP 82304064 A EP82304064 A EP 82304064A EP 82304064 A EP82304064 A EP 82304064A EP 0076027 B1 EP0076027 B1 EP 0076027B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vanadium
carbon
max
article
martensitic structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82304064A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0076027A3 (en
EP0076027A2 (de
Inventor
Walter T. Haswell
William Stasko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crucible Materials Corp
Original Assignee
Crucible Materials Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Crucible Materials Corp filed Critical Crucible Materials Corp
Priority to AT82304064T priority Critical patent/ATE23567T1/de
Publication of EP0076027A2 publication Critical patent/EP0076027A2/de
Publication of EP0076027A3 publication Critical patent/EP0076027A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0076027B1 publication Critical patent/EP0076027B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use

Definitions

  • This invention relates to powder metallurgy articles.
  • tool steels such as in the manufacture of hot working rolls and tooling used in rolling hot metal
  • the tooling is subjected to conditions of extreme wear as a result of contact with the workpiece, thermal shock, as a result of being subjected to high temperatures when in contact with the hot workpiece and then rapid cooling when out of contact with the workpiece, and high compressive stresses, as a result of the roll separating forces encountered during rolling.
  • thermal shock as a result of being subjected to high temperatures when in contact with the hot workpiece and then rapid cooling when out of contact with the workpiece, and high compressive stresses, as a result of the roll separating forces encountered during rolling.
  • tool steels from which workrolls and other similar hot work tooling are made be characterised by good wear resistance, toughness, strength and resistance to thermal fatigue and shock.
  • An additional object of the invention is to provide for cold work tooling requirements by having a combination of high toughness and excellent wear resistance for critically demanding applications, such as slitter knives and shear blades.
  • the present invention provides a powder metallurgy formed from compacted prealloyed powder, in which the powder is of an alloy having the composition, in weight percent:-
  • a tool steel powder metallurgy article particularly adapted for the manufacture of hot work rolls and tooling, wherein the carbon content is controlled in relation to vanadium so that there is sufficient carbon to combine with vanadium to form vanadium carbides, which provide the required wear resistance.
  • the alloy is heat treated by austenitising and air cooling or oil quenching during which cooling a fully martensitic structure is obtained.
  • tool steels in accordance with the invention are characterised by excellent wear resistance because of the vanadium carbide content; good toughness because of the absence of excess carbon in the matrix over that required to ensure a fully martensitic structure; strength, because of the strengthening effect of the martensite; and resistance to thermal fatigue and shock, resulting from the absence of carbon in the matrix other than that needed to form martensite.
  • the alloy would be processed by powder metallurgy techniques in the conventional manner and would be characterised by a fully martensitic structure with no carbon in the steel matrix in excess of carbon necessary to combine with vanadium to form vanadium carbide and to ensure a fully martensitic structure.
  • the hardness may be at least 50 R . for hot working applications; lower hardnesses may be provided for cold work tooling requirements.
  • vanadium carbide content of the alloy powder metallurgy processing is required to ensure a fine, even carbide distribution necessary for toughness and grindability.
  • powder metallurgy article as used herein is used to designate a compacted prealloyed particle charge which has been formed by a combination of heat and pressure to a coherent mass having a density in final form, in excess of 99% of theoretical density; this includes intermediate products, such as billets, blooms, rod and bar and the like, as well as final products, such as tool steel articles including rolls, punches, dies, wear plates, slitter knives, shear blades and the like, which articles may be fabricated from intermediate product forms from the initial prealloy particle charge.
  • the particle charge may be produced by conventional gas atomisation.
  • MC-type vanadium carbides refers to the carbide characterised by the face-centred cubic crystal structure with M representing the carbide-forming element essentially vanadium this also includes M Q C 3 -type vanadium carbides and includes the partial replacement of vanadium by other carbide forming elements such as iron, molybdenum, chromium and of carbon by nitrogen to encompass what are termed carbonitrides.
  • the powder metallurgy article of this invention is defined herein as containing all MC-type and M 4 C 3 vanadium carbides, it is understood that other types of carbides, such as M 6 C, M 2 C and M 23 C 6 carbides, may also be present in minor amounts, but are not significant from the standpoint of achieving the objects of the invention specifically from the standpoint of wear resistance.
  • compositions were prepared by powder metallurgical technology and microstructural studies were conducted on heat treated specimens to determine the compositional balance with respect to vanadium and carbon which is required to develop a fully martensitic structure.
  • Table I A summary of the relation between the microstructural observations and compositions is shown in Table I.
  • the 1.78 carbon-8.80 vanadium alloy in accordance with the invention exhibited a C-notch impact strength value of 100 joules (74 ft-Ibs) at an HRC of 49.5 which demonstrates a drastic improvement in toughness at a hardness level comparable to the hardnesses of the conventional alloys set forth in Table II.
  • Table IV shows the C-notch impact results, as well as hardness (Rockwell C scale); for a conventional powder metallurgy produced tool steel with a nominal composition, in weight percent, carbon 2.4, manganese .45, silicon .89, chromium 5.25, vanadium 9.85, molybdenum 1.25 and balance iron.
  • the distinguishing feature between this composition and the above-reported CPM 9V composition is that with this latter conventional composition there is excess carbon present in the matrix which is intended for strengthening.
  • Table VI compares, after heat treatment, the wear resistance of the CPM 9V material of the invention with conventional high alloy hot work tool steels of conventional cast and wrought production. As may be seen from Table VI the CPM 9V material of the invention shows drastically improved wear resistance over the AISI H13, AISI H19 and AISI H21 steels even in instances wherein the hardness of the CPM 9V material is significantly lower than that of the conventional steels.
  • the cross-cylinder wear test was used. In this test, a cylindrical specimen of 15.9 mm (5/8 in) diameter of the respective cold work or warm-work tool material and a cylindrical specimen of 12.7 mm (1/2 in) diameter of tungsten carbide (with 6% cobalt binder) are positioned perpendicularly to one another. A 6.8 kg (fifteen-pound) load is applied through weight on a lever arm. Then the tungsten carbide cylinder specimen is rotated at a speed of 667 revolutions per minute. No lubrication is applied. As the test progresses, a wear spot develops on the specimen of the tool material.
  • the extent of wear is determined by measuring the depth of the wear spot on the specimen and converting it into wear volume by aid of a relationship specifically derived for this purpose.
  • the wear resistance, or the reciprocal of the wear rate is then computed according to the following formula:
  • thermal fatigue properties of the steel of the invention when compared with conventional powder metallurgy produced cold work tool steels and conventional cast and wrought steels of this type are shown in Table VII; in this Table, the steel of the invention, CPM 9V, is compared with a conventional powder metallurgy produced tool steel containing 2.46% carbon and 9.75% vanadium and a conventional cast and wrought steel of this type, which is identified as AISI H13.
  • the thermal fatigue resistance of the CPM 9V material of the invention is drastically greater than that of both of the other conventional steels tested, including the 2.46 carbon-9.75 vanadium material which is a powder metallurgy produced steel designed for cold or warm work tooling.
  • the thermal fatigue test involves the use of an electrically heated lead pot, a hot water quenching bath and a solenoid valve operated, pneumatic-operated mechanical transfer for transferring the specimens between the lead pot and the bath. Specimens are transferred into the lead bath for a 4-second heating period. They are then transferred quickly to a position above the water bath wherein they are quenched for 2 seconds at a water bath temperature of 82°C (180°F). This cycle is repeated at a rate of 3 cycles per minute. Each specimen during each cycle is dried above the lead pot for a period of 5 seconds. Including transfer time each cycle takes approximately 20 seconds.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Pulvermetallurgischer Gegenstand, gebildet aus gepreßtem, vorlegiertem Pulver, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Pulver aus einer Legierung mit der folgenden Zusammensetzung, in Gewichtsprozenten, besteht:
Mangan : 0,2 bis 1,5
Silizium : 2 max
Chrom : 1,5 bis 6
Molybdän : 0,50 bis 6
Schwefel : 0,30 max
Vanadium : 7 bis 10, gegebenenfalls teilweise ersetzt durch bis zu 5% Wolfram und bis zu 5% Niob
Kohlenstoff 0,25 min, 0,40 max, plus 0,16x% Vanadium plus die stöchiometrische Menge, die erforderlich ist, das eventuell vorhandene Wolfram und Niob auszugleichen
Kobalt : bis zu 5
Rest Eisen, Spurenelemente und die bei der Stahlherstellung üblichen Verunreinigungen,

und daß der Gegenstand eine vollständig martensitische Struktur aufweist, ohne Kohlenstoff in der Stahlmatrix zusätzlich zu demjenigen Kohlenstoff, der erforderlich ist, um sich mit dem Vanadium und dem gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Wolfram und Niob zu Vanadium-Wolfram- und Niobkarbiden zu verbinden und die vollständige martensitische Struktur zu gewährleisten.
2. Pulvermetallurgischer Gegenstand nach Anspruch 1, der weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß das Pulver aus einer Legierung besteht der Zusammensetzung, in Gewichtsprozent 0,2 bis 1,5 Mangan, 2 max Silizium, 1,5 bis 6 Chrom, 0,50 bis 6 Molybdän, 0,30 max Schwefel, 7 bis 10 Vanadium, 0,25% min, 0,40% max+0,16+% Vanadium, Kohlenstoff, Rest Eisen, Spulenelemente und die bei der Stahlherstellung üblichen Verunreinigungen, wobei der Gegenstand durch eine vollständig martensitische Struktur gekennzeichnet ist ohne Kohlenstoff in der Stahlmatrix zusätzlich zu demjenigen Kohlenstoff, der erforderlich ist, um sich mit dem vorhandenen Vanadium zu Vanadiumkarbid zu verbinden und die vollständig martensitische Struktur zu gewährleisten.
3. Pulvermetallurgischer Gegenstand nach Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, ferner dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er die Gestalt einer Arbeitswalze aufweist.
4. Pulvermetallurgischer Gegenstand nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner gekennzeichnet durch eine Härte von wenigstens 50 Re nach dem Abschrecken von der Austenitisierungstemperatur.
EP82304064A 1981-09-28 1982-08-02 Nach pulvermetallurgischem Verfahren hergestellte Formkörper Expired EP0076027B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82304064T ATE23567T1 (de) 1981-09-28 1982-08-02 Nach pulvermetallurgischem verfahren hergestellte formkoerper.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30604081A 1981-09-28 1981-09-28
US306040 1981-09-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076027A2 EP0076027A2 (de) 1983-04-06
EP0076027A3 EP0076027A3 (en) 1984-02-22
EP0076027B1 true EP0076027B1 (de) 1986-11-12

Family

ID=23183484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82304064A Expired EP0076027B1 (de) 1981-09-28 1982-08-02 Nach pulvermetallurgischem Verfahren hergestellte Formkörper

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0076027B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5858255A (de)
KR (1) KR840001456A (de)
AT (1) ATE23567T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1191039A (de)
DE (1) DE3274261D1 (de)
DK (1) DK158795C (de)
ES (1) ES8305424A1 (de)
IN (1) IN158518B (de)
MX (1) MX159525A (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6029450A (ja) * 1983-07-26 1985-02-14 Kanto Tokushu Seikou Kk 冷間工具鋼
JPS6362845A (ja) * 1986-09-03 1988-03-19 Daido Steel Co Ltd 焼結工具鋼
US5830287A (en) * 1997-04-09 1998-11-03 Crucible Materials Corporation Wear resistant, powder metallurgy cold work tool steel articles having high impact toughness and a method for producing the same
FR2767725B1 (fr) * 1997-09-01 1999-10-08 Jean Claude Werquin Cylindre de travail composite pour le laminage a chaud & a froid en acier rapide a haut carbone et haut vanadium et son procede de fabrication par coulee centrifuge
NL1016811C2 (nl) 2000-12-06 2002-06-13 Skf Ab Wentellager omvattende een met poedermetallurgietechniek verkregen onderdeel.
US7288157B2 (en) * 2005-05-09 2007-10-30 Crucible Materials Corp. Corrosion and wear resistant alloy
EP2933345A1 (de) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-21 Uddeholms AB Kaltverarbeiteter Werkzeugstahl
CN113003576A (zh) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-22 邵阳学院 一种碳化钒铌纳米片及其制备方法与应用

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3150444A (en) * 1962-04-26 1964-09-29 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method of producing alloy steel
JPS52141406A (en) * 1976-05-21 1977-11-25 Kobe Steel Ltd Tool steel containing nitrogen made by powder metallurgy
US4249945A (en) * 1978-09-20 1981-02-10 Crucible Inc. Powder-metallurgy steel article with high vanadium-carbide content

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES513486A0 (es) 1983-04-01
EP0076027A3 (en) 1984-02-22
DK158795B (da) 1990-07-16
JPH0140904B2 (de) 1989-09-01
ES8305424A1 (es) 1983-04-01
DK231882A (da) 1983-03-29
IN158518B (de) 1986-11-29
ATE23567T1 (de) 1986-11-15
JPS5858255A (ja) 1983-04-06
MX159525A (es) 1989-06-27
DK158795C (da) 1990-12-24
KR840001456A (ko) 1984-05-07
CA1191039A (en) 1985-07-30
EP0076027A2 (de) 1983-04-06
DE3274261D1 (en) 1987-01-02

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