EP0076025A1 - Vantail de porte résistant au feu - Google Patents

Vantail de porte résistant au feu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0076025A1
EP0076025A1 EP82303922A EP82303922A EP0076025A1 EP 0076025 A1 EP0076025 A1 EP 0076025A1 EP 82303922 A EP82303922 A EP 82303922A EP 82303922 A EP82303922 A EP 82303922A EP 0076025 A1 EP0076025 A1 EP 0076025A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
door leaf
membrane
panels
core
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82303922A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eric Reginald Maizey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HI-SPAN Ltd
Original Assignee
HI-SPAN Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HI-SPAN Ltd filed Critical HI-SPAN Ltd
Publication of EP0076025A1 publication Critical patent/EP0076025A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B2003/7019—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of corrugated type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B2003/7028—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of cementituous type, e.g. concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B2003/703—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels containing a metallic layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fire-resistant door assemblies and in particular to door assemblies for use in closing openings in marine bulkheads.
  • the construction and properties of such door assemblies is governed, in the case of United Kingdom registered ships, by Merchant Shipping Regulations issued by the United Kingdom Department of Trade.
  • a door which is intended to be used to close-off openings in "A" Class Divisions is, in general, required to be subjected to a standard fire test.
  • the door leaf and frame are installed in a steel bulkhead, insulated on its unexposed side with material of the same standard as that which the door is intended to achieve, and when the division is exposed to a standard fire test the door must prevent the passage of smoke and flame to the end of the test; and the average temperature on the unexposed side of the division must not increase by more than a stated amount above the initial temperature, nor must the temperature at any point rise more than a similarly stated amount above the initial temperature within the test time.
  • test time is sixty minutes.
  • test time is thirty minutes.
  • the temperature limits are 139 degrees centigrade average temperature rise above the initial temperature, and 180 degrees centigrade maximum rise above the initial temperature at any one point, within the applicable test times.
  • the door leaf comprises a heat-resistant core of, for example, Vermiculite, sandwiched between two steel panels.
  • the core is fairly thick in comparison with the two panels. If a fire occurs on one side of the door, the Vermiculite core cuts down the rate of heat transfer from one steel panel to the other.
  • the core relatively easily damaged, is also protected in use by the stronger and more resilient outer panels, which can be painted and to which door furniture such as locks, latches and hinges can be secured.
  • a fire-resistant door leaf embodying the invention also comprises a core sandwiched between two panels, but the core in this case is the main leaf-stiffening membrane, and the panels between which it is sandwiched constitute the main heat-resisting medium.
  • the core has a much higher flexural rigidity than either of the outer panels, whilst the panels each have a much lower thermal conductivity than the core.
  • the core membrane will be much thinner than either of the outer panels.
  • the door leaf Because only one of the relatively heavy membranes is used, rather than two, the door leaf will be less heavy than a similarly-sized and similarly-rated conventional leaf. It will also be less expensive, and the money saved can be used to furnish the door leaf with, for example, stainless steel fittings and/or peripheral capping channels which are less prone to rust and are thus particularly advantageous in a marine environment.
  • the heat-resistant outer panels can be selected from modern materials such as fibre-reinforced cement, although more conventional materials might equally well be used in some circumstances. Such panels can be self-coloured without necessarily needing painting, thus saving future maintenance costs. Other advantages will become apparent to those skilled in this specialist field.
  • the core membrane may advantageously be corrugated, with corrugations running from side to side or from top to bottom of the door leaf. This will increase the flexural rigidity of the door whilst enabling a relatively thin and lightweight membrane to be used.
  • An air gap may deliberately be created between the panels of heat-resistant material, so that the panels are separated by the air gap as well as by the core membrane, and the air gap forms part of the core region of the door leaf.
  • the core membrane will be much thinner than either of the outer panels in normal cases, the thickness of the core region (including the air gap) need not necessarily be less than a panel thickness, and may advantageously be at least equal to a panel thickness. Because air is a good heat insulator, the presence of an air gap at the core region increases the fire-resistant properties of the door leaf yet farther and gives added protection to the relatively high-thermal-conductivity core membrane.
  • One especially advantageous door leaf construction em-bodying the invention uses fibre-reinforced cement panels each of which has an outer skin of higher density than the rest of the panel.
  • Such panels are currently available commercially, and lend themselves ideally to the construction of a door leaf embodying the invention.
  • the outer skin protects the rest of the panel from impact, and door furniture such as locks, latches and bolts can be screwed direct to it without necessarily having to be screwed through to the core membrane.
  • a capping channel extends around the periphery of the door leaf, it may advantageously be made of material which is compatible with the core membrane so that it can be heat-welded through to the core membrane. This will increase the flexural rigidity of the door still farther, will protect the panel edges, and can do away with any need to bond the panels to the membrane itself.
  • the membrane may be of tray form, with tray walls formed around any two opposite edges or around all four edges of the membrane. This could provide the advantageous air gap between the heat-resistant panels of the door leaf without necessarily having to corrugate the membrane. It could also have a capping channel heat-welded to it around the entire periphery of the leaf, in the case where a four-wall tray was used, whereas an unwalled corrugated membrane could normally only be welded to the capping channel along two of the membrane's opposite edges.
  • the corrugations are advantageously straight-walled rather than curve- walled in form, and the acute angle between the wall and the base is preferably within the range 30 degrees to 90 degrees. Angles outside the limits of this range will be less resistant to buckling.
  • an especially advantageous range of angle is between 45 degrees and 90 degrees to give optimum strength to the corrugated membrane.
  • the corrugations preferably run across the door leaf, i.e. from side to side rather than from top to bottom, since the leaf is then flexurally more rigid in the directions in which it is most likely to be subject to bending forces in use.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are drawn to a larger scale than Figures 1 and 2, and they are each sections along the line B-B of Figure 2.
  • the door leaf comprises a corrugated mild steel folded plate sandwiched between two fibre-reinforced cement panels and bounded by a stainless steel peripheral capping channel.
  • the steel membrane, referenced 11 has corrugations extending across the width of the door leaf.
  • the corrugations are straight-walled, and the reflex angle between the wall and base of each corrugation is 135 degrees; so that the acute angle defined between each wall and base is 45 degrees in this particular embodiment.
  • the fibre-reinforced cement panels each have the same reference 12 and are each glued to respective channel base portions of the corrugated steel plate membrane 11.
  • Each panel 12 is of uniform density for the greater part of its thickness, but each exhibits a hard skin region of much higher density on its outward-facing surface.
  • the skin region is referenced 12a in each case.
  • the capping channel 13 is U-shaped in cross-section. It extends around the periphery of the composite rectangular panel-core membrane-panel "sandwich", and it is corner-mitred and welded into a rectangular framework. It is made, in this particular embodiment, of stainless steel.
  • the opposite top and bottom edges of the core membrane 11 are turned over at 90 degrees to the general plane of the membrane, so that they constitute flanges abutting the adjacent inner face of the capping channel 13. Holes are formed in the channel 13 at points spaced along its length where it abuts the membrane- edge flanges just referred to. The membrane-edges are then spot-welded to the capping channel 13 through these holes, and the welds later ground flat against the outer face of the channel.
  • an air gap 14 is created between the two fibre-reinforced cement panels 12.
  • the core membrane is folded from mild steel plate 1.6 mm thick.
  • Each of the panels has an overall thickness of 15 mm and the hard outer-facing skin of each panel is 2 mm thick.
  • the door leaf overall is 2440 mm high x 1200 mm wide.
  • the construction of the door frame surrounding the leaf is not of the essence of the invention, and can readily be settled by those skilled in this field. Essentially, however, as shown in Figures 3 and 4 the frame uprights 15 are steel Z-rails which are bolted direct to the steel bulkhead 16 in which the door opening is formed.
  • the latch and hinge construction is similarly not of the essence of the invention, and can readily be settled by the skilled reader, but it is clear from Figure 3 that one of the hinge plates 17 is welded to a reinforcing plate 18 on the door leaf whilst the other hinge plate, not shown, is welded to the door frame upright 15; and the reinforcing plate 18 is L-shaped and is welded inside the capping channel 13 and to the core membrane 11 at each of the three hinge points along the relevant edge of the door leaf.
  • a U-shaped spine 19 sits in the air gap between the two heat-resistant panels 12 and is welded to the membrane 11 along the length of the spine.
  • the spine 19 extends almost the full length of the door leaf.
  • the fibre-reinforced panels illustrated and referenced 12 have an average density of 1.1 tonnes per cubic metre to within plus or minus 15 per cent.
  • the greater thickness of the panel has a density of 0.8 tonnes per cubic metre, whilst the 2 mm-thick skins have densities of 1.6 tonnes per cubic metre, again all to within plus or minus 15 per cent.
  • These panels are pre-manufactured as rigid skinned boards and are currently available under the trade mark VELMAC in the United Kingdom from Tarmac Industrial Holdings Limited, of Ettingshall, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.
  • the panels 12 are glued to the core membrane by an adhesive manufactured in the United Kingdom by Joseph Crossfield and Sons Limited, of Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom and known as Claysil No 1 Adhesive.
  • the panels 12 are relatively light in weight but their hard outer skins have high impact resistance and are hard enough for door furniture to be screwed direct to them. They are waterproof and rot-proof, they cut down noise transmission, and they are self-coloured although they can be painted if desired.
  • the door leaf illustrated passes an A60 standard fire test and is some 20 per cent lighter in weight than a similarly-sized and similarly-rated A60 door of conventional steel outer panel - heat-resistant core construction.
  • the fibre-reinforced cement could be sprayed onto each side of the corrugated core membrane 11 and then left to set into a rigid panel. The 'air gap 14 would then not be present, but if the material were sprayed thick enough the necessary fire-resistant qualities could still be achieved.
  • One form of fibre-reinforced cement (or GRC as it is usually called) which could be sprayed in this manner is currently marketed in the United Kingdom by Thyssen (Great Britain) Limited of Bynea, Llanelli, Dyfed, United Kingdom.
  • the three hinges which hang the door on its frame could consist of two plain hinges and one self-closing hinge. One of these hinges could be replaced by a dog bolt and still conform to Regulations. There are three latches spaced along the non-hinged edge of the door, each latch opposite a respective hinge.
  • FIGs 5A to 5E show diagrammatically various forms the corrugated core membrane 11 might take.
  • the corrugations are straight-walled and are regularly spaced from one another.
  • Figure 5B they are relatively widely spaced. In each of these two cases the corrugations are angular in form.
  • successive corrugations may be right-angled and again may be regularly spaced (Figure 5C) or relatively widely spaced (Figure 5D) to define in either case a series of "top hat” sections along or across the membrane 11.
  • the membrane may have to be made of steel, but in any door leaf embodying the invention the materials will be chosen according to the degree of fire resistance required.
  • the tray-form membrane of Figure 6 has upturned walls along its two opposite longitudinal edges, and "top hat” reinforcing channels running across it at each of three spaced positions where the hinges will be installed down one door edge.
  • Figure 7 shows a similar arrangement in which the stiffening reinforcing sections are localised around the three hinge regions, and around a single latch region on the opposite edge of the membrane, and in which the membrane this time has walls along each of its four edges.
  • Figure 8 is a section through one of the reinforced hinge regions of the completed door leaf using the Figure 7 membrane.
  • the localised reinforcing sections are each screwed through the floor of the tray-form membrane to one of the outer heat-resisting panels.
  • the non-screwed end of the reinforcing section may be welded, glued, riveted or otherwise secured to the upturned wall of the tray-form membrane.
  • it could simply be left to bear unsecured against the underside of the inturned wall of the membrane if the membrane and reinforcing section were each sufficiently rigid.
  • two tray-form membranes could be secured back to back. Each could be folded up around an outer panel of heat-resistant material, and when two such membrane-and-panel assemblies were secured back to back, the door leaf assembly of membrane and outer panels would be completed. If the heat-resistant panels were in the form of pre-manufactured rigid boards, they could be left unglued within the membranes, and be kept in place by the folded-over tray walls.
  • a capping channel could still be fitted around the four edges of the assembled back to back panels and membranes if desired.
  • Figure 9 shows a door leaf assembly in which the heat-resistant outer panels are rigid boards and are separated by individual core membrane elements glued and/or screwed into position on the inward-facing surfaces of the panels.
  • a capping channel of stainless steel is glued and/or screwed to the boards or is alternatively welded up around the boards as a framework without being secured to them.
  • the core region contains an air gap as well as containing individual core elements, and the individual elements together constitute the required leaf-stiffening membrane.
  • Figures 10, 11 and 12 illustrate various ways in which the channel may be secured in position.
  • the channel is through-welded to the walls of a tray-form membrane.
  • the walls of the channel are screwed to the heat-resistant boards which are themselves separated by a continuous corrugated membrane or a series of individual core elements which together constitute a membrane. In each of these two cases there is an air gap between the outer panels and the air gap forms part of the core region.
  • the core region consists solely of a relatively stiff membrane faced on each of its opposite sides with heat-resistant material and with a capping channel welded up around the four edges of the resulting door leaf assembly.
  • the capping channel is not secured to the membrane, nor is it secured to the heat-resistant outer panels. Its corners are mitred and welded to hold the panels and the membrane in place inside it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
EP82303922A 1981-07-24 1982-07-23 Vantail de porte résistant au feu Withdrawn EP0076025A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8122922 1981-07-24
GB8122922 1981-07-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0076025A1 true EP0076025A1 (fr) 1983-04-06

Family

ID=10523481

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82303922A Withdrawn EP0076025A1 (fr) 1981-07-24 1982-07-23 Vantail de porte résistant au feu

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0076025A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8731182A (fr)
WO (1) WO1983000355A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2654129A1 (fr) * 1989-11-03 1991-05-10 Electricite De France Panneau en materiau composite resistant au feu et aux impacts, etanche et acoustiquement absorbant.
EP1154117A3 (fr) * 2000-05-11 2002-10-02 Huurre Group Oy Procèdè de construction d'une porte
WO2012056117A1 (fr) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 BAUMERT TECHNOLOGIES (Société par Actions Simplifiée Unipersonnelle) Porte étanche et coupe feu
EP2537563A1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-26 Rf-Technologies nv Obturateur d'évacuation de fumée
CN103352617A (zh) * 2013-06-30 2013-10-16 天长市远洋船舶设备有限公司 一种钢质快开闭水密防火门
CN105971467A (zh) * 2016-07-08 2016-09-28 南京溧水振兴船舶附件有限公司 一种快开闭保温耐压水密门
CN112407145A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-02-26 江西朝阳机械有限公司 一种隔声防火门

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102817540B (zh) * 2012-08-12 2014-09-03 阴继庞 一种压型钢板混凝土组合结构防护密闭门
GB2523144B (en) * 2014-02-14 2018-02-28 Nanya Plastics Corp Door structure meeting enhanced security performance requirements
CN111119704A (zh) * 2020-01-03 2020-05-08 河南五方合创建筑设计有限公司 一种薄型轻量化节能被动窗和型材

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190923022A (en) * 1909-10-08 1909-12-31 Fireproof Doors Ltd Improvements in Fireproof Doors and Partitions.
GB191109822A (en) * 1911-04-22 1912-02-08 William Ernest Cato Liebert Improvements in and relating to Fire Proof Doors and the like.
GB191314114A (en) * 1913-06-18 1913-12-24 James Augustus Wheeler Improvements in Fireproof Doors.
US2196781A (en) * 1939-04-13 1940-04-09 Felix H Saino Fire wall, bulkhead, and panel
GB728984A (en) * 1952-02-15 1955-04-27 Mannesmann Ag Improvements in or relating to a door for employment upon air-raid shelters
BE830581A (fr) * 1974-07-29 1975-10-16 Porte ou portail coulissant metallique calorifuge ou resistant au feu
FR2380407A1 (fr) * 1977-02-11 1978-09-08 Jungbluth Otto Porte resistante au feu

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190923022A (en) * 1909-10-08 1909-12-31 Fireproof Doors Ltd Improvements in Fireproof Doors and Partitions.
GB191109822A (en) * 1911-04-22 1912-02-08 William Ernest Cato Liebert Improvements in and relating to Fire Proof Doors and the like.
GB191314114A (en) * 1913-06-18 1913-12-24 James Augustus Wheeler Improvements in Fireproof Doors.
US2196781A (en) * 1939-04-13 1940-04-09 Felix H Saino Fire wall, bulkhead, and panel
GB728984A (en) * 1952-02-15 1955-04-27 Mannesmann Ag Improvements in or relating to a door for employment upon air-raid shelters
BE830581A (fr) * 1974-07-29 1975-10-16 Porte ou portail coulissant metallique calorifuge ou resistant au feu
FR2380407A1 (fr) * 1977-02-11 1978-09-08 Jungbluth Otto Porte resistante au feu

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2654129A1 (fr) * 1989-11-03 1991-05-10 Electricite De France Panneau en materiau composite resistant au feu et aux impacts, etanche et acoustiquement absorbant.
EP1154117A3 (fr) * 2000-05-11 2002-10-02 Huurre Group Oy Procèdè de construction d'une porte
WO2012056117A1 (fr) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 BAUMERT TECHNOLOGIES (Société par Actions Simplifiée Unipersonnelle) Porte étanche et coupe feu
CN103189588A (zh) * 2010-10-27 2013-07-03 博脉特（有限公司） 防水门及其防火层
RU2563213C2 (ru) * 2010-10-27 2015-09-20 БОМЕР (Сосьете пар аксьон самплифье униперсонель) Непроницаемая для текучей среды огнестойкая дверь
US9359810B2 (en) 2010-10-27 2016-06-07 Baumert Technologies Fluidtight fire door
CN103189588B (zh) * 2010-10-27 2016-07-06 博脉特（有限公司） 防水防火门
EP2537563A1 (fr) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-26 Rf-Technologies nv Obturateur d'évacuation de fumée
CN103352617A (zh) * 2013-06-30 2013-10-16 天长市远洋船舶设备有限公司 一种钢质快开闭水密防火门
CN105971467A (zh) * 2016-07-08 2016-09-28 南京溧水振兴船舶附件有限公司 一种快开闭保温耐压水密门
CN112407145A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-02-26 江西朝阳机械有限公司 一种隔声防火门

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8731182A (en) 1983-03-17
WO1983000355A1 (fr) 1983-02-03

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Inventor name: MAIZEY, ERIC REGINALD