EP0073441B1 - Permanent mould, especially chill mould - Google Patents

Permanent mould, especially chill mould Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073441B1
EP0073441B1 EP82107688A EP82107688A EP0073441B1 EP 0073441 B1 EP0073441 B1 EP 0073441B1 EP 82107688 A EP82107688 A EP 82107688A EP 82107688 A EP82107688 A EP 82107688A EP 0073441 B1 EP0073441 B1 EP 0073441B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
permanent
feeder
chill
casting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82107688A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0073441A1 (en
Inventor
Ivo Dipl.-Ing. Henych
Erwin Fischer
Eduard Rogg
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Georg Fischer AG
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Georg Fischer AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Georg Fischer AG filed Critical Georg Fischer AG
Priority to AT82107688T priority Critical patent/ATE13393T1/en
Publication of EP0073441A1 publication Critical patent/EP0073441A1/en
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Publication of EP0073441B1 publication Critical patent/EP0073441B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088—Feeder heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent mold known per se, in particular a metallic mold, which has at least one opening for receiving a feeder insert.
  • the seal feed of the castings made of metals and alloys, which have a volume deficit during solidification, must be ensured by the feeder.
  • the feeders must be the last, i.e. solidify only after the casting has solidified in order to ensure the sealing feed. For this reason, so-called lost heads are used in steel mill chillers, Feeder used.
  • Cover plates which contain feeder inserts, are used, as described in DE-PS No. 2622891. These cover plates form the upper part of the mold during casting. After the casting process has been completed, before the casting has completely solidified, these cover plates with the casting are removed from the mold. This frees the mold for the next casting process before the casting solidifies.
  • the figure shows a cross section through a permanent mold, in particular a metallic mold.
  • a feeder insert 2 is inserted into an opening provided in the upper part of the mold.
  • a crushing core 4 is arranged between the feeder insert 2 and the mold interior 5.
  • a cavity 3 between the feeder insert 2 and the surrounding mold wall 1 a is provided by a recess in the mold wall 1. This recess is open towards the mold interior 5 and serves to receive the liquid metal penetrating from the mold interior 5.
  • Cavities in the upper part of the mold or groove-like passages between the crusher core and the feeder insert or in the crusher core serve to fill the cavity 3 with the liquid metal.
  • the condition for unpacking the casting before the feeders solidify is that they have a firm connection to the casting.
  • This results from controlled spring formation i.e. a thin sleeve made of cast material is formed around the feeder insert 2.
  • the required gap size is determined by the fluidity of the cast material and can be between 0.5 and 10, preferably between 0.5 and 5 mm.
  • Another criterion is the easy removal of the bushing without the risk of breaking into the casting by tapping it simultaneously with the feeder. Due to the sleeve made of cast metal surrounding the feeder insert or part of the feeder insert, it is firmly connected to the casting and the outflow is thereby prevented.
  • the adaptation of the casting speed to the heat transfer between the mold and the casting takes place in such a way that the solidification zone follows the casting zone approximately in the saturation length of the feeder. This allows the volume of the feeder to be kept to a minimum.
  • the required feeder module can be determined using the following formula:
  • the dwell time of the casting in the mold can be significantly reduced by precisely coordinating the setting times. It makes it easier to unpack the castings by ejecting them instead of lifting them out of the mold.

Abstract

1. Permanent mould, in particular a metallic chill mould, which has at least one aperture for receiving a feeder insert, characterised in that between the feeder insert (2) and the chill mould wall (1a) surrounding this, there is provided a cavity (3) open towards the chill mould interior (5) for receiving the melt.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine an sich bekannte Dauerform, insbesondere eine metallische Kokille, welche mindestens eine Öffnung für die Aufnahme eines Speisereinsatzes aufweist.The present invention relates to a permanent mold known per se, in particular a metallic mold, which has at least one opening for receiving a feeder insert.

Die Dichtspeisung der Abgüsse aus Metallen und Legierungen, welche ein Volumendefizit während der Erstarrung aufweisen, muss durch den Speiser gewährleistet werden. Die Speiser müssen als letzte, d.h. erst nach der Erstarrung des Gussstückes erstarren, um die Dichtspeisung zu gewährleisten. Aus diesem Grunde werden bei Stahlwerkkokillen sogenannte verlorene Köpfe oder beim Stahlguss u.a. Speiser verwendet.The seal feed of the castings made of metals and alloys, which have a volume deficit during solidification, must be ensured by the feeder. The feeders must be the last, i.e. solidify only after the casting has solidified in order to ensure the sealing feed. For this reason, so-called lost heads are used in steel mill chillers, Feeder used.

Beim Formkokillenguss können z.B. Deckplatten, welche Speisereinsätze beinhalten, verwendet werden, wie dies in der DE-PS Nr. 2622891 beschrieben ist. Diese Deckplatten bilden während des Giessens das Oberteil der Kokille. Nach abgeschlossenem Giessvorgang, noch bevor das Gussstück vollständing erstarrt ist, werden diese Deckplatten mit dem Gussstück aus der Kokille entnommen. Dadurch wird die Kokille noch vor dem Erstarren des Gussstückes frei für den nächsten Giessvorgang.For mold chill casting, e.g. Cover plates, which contain feeder inserts, are used, as described in DE-PS No. 2622891. These cover plates form the upper part of the mold during casting. After the casting process has been completed, before the casting has completely solidified, these cover plates with the casting are removed from the mold. This frees the mold for the next casting process before the casting solidifies.

Die beschriebenen Methoden weisen nachteilige Aspekte auf. Sie verlängern entweder die Belegungszeit der Kokille oder verursachen gewisse Schwierigkeiten beim Herausnehmen des Gussstückes, z.B. Ausfliessen des flüssig gebliebenen Speiserinhaltes durch Verschieben der Deckplatten.The methods described have disadvantageous aspects. They either extend the mold occupancy time or cause certain difficulties when removing the casting, e.g. Outflow of the liquid contents of the feeder by moving the cover plates.

Zudem sind die bekannten Methoden und Vorrichtungen unwirtschaftlich, insbesondere bei der Herstellung von kleinen Gussstücken.In addition, the known methods and devices are uneconomical, especially in the production of small castings.

Die Erfindung hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, eine Dauerform vorzuschlagen, bei der die Speisereinsätze mit dem Gussstück so verbunden sind, dass die Vorteile der oben genannten Deckplatte erhalten bleiben:

  • - Entnehmen des Gussstückes aus der Kokille vor dem vollständigen Erstarren des Speiserinhaltes,
  • - Vereinfachung des Auspackens ohne Gefahr, dass der flüssige Speiserinhalt ausfliesst,
  • - durch gesteuerte Giessgeschwindigkeit die Erstarrung und das Giessen so lenken, dass die Speisergrösse minimalisiert wird, und
  • - Bestimmung des Verhältnisses zwischen Erstarrung des Speiserinhaltes und Erstarrung des Gussstückes, bei dem eine beinahe gleichzeitige Erstarrung erfolgt, womit das Auspacken aus der Kokille durch einfaches Ausstossen des Gussstükkes auch bei grösseren Abgüssen ermöglicht wird.
The invention has set itself the goal of proposing a permanent shape in which the feeder inserts are connected to the casting in such a way that the advantages of the above-mentioned cover plate are retained:
  • Removal of the casting from the mold before the food content completely solidifies,
  • - simplification of unpacking without the risk of the liquid food flowing out,
  • - control the solidification and the casting in such a way that the feeder size is minimized, and
  • - Determination of the relationship between solidification of the feed content and solidification of the casting, in which an almost simultaneous solidification takes place, which enables unpacking from the mold by simply ejecting the casting even with larger castings.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen gehen aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor.Further advantageous refinements emerge from the dependent claims.

Nachstehend wird in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below in conjunction with the drawing.

Die Figur zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Dauerform, insbesondere eine metallische Kokille.The figure shows a cross section through a permanent mold, in particular a metallic mold.

Ein Speisereinsatz 2 ist in eine dafür vorgesehene Öffnung im Oberteil der Kokille eingesetzt. Zwischen dem Speisereinsatz 2 und dem Kokilleninnenraum 5 ist ein Brechkern 4 angeordnet. Ein Hohlraum 3 zwischen Speisereinsatz 2 und der umgebenden Kokillenwand 1 a ist durch eine Ausnehmung in der Kokillenwand 1 vorgesehen. Diese Ausnehmung ist gegen den Kokilleninnenraum 5 offen und dient zur Aufnahme des aus dem Kokilleninnenraum 5 eindringenden flüssigen Metalles. Hohlräume im Kokillenoberteil oder rillenartige Durchgänge zwischen dem Brechkern und dem Speisereinsatz oder im Brechkern dienen zum Füllen des Hohlraumes 3 mit dem flüssigen Metall.A feeder insert 2 is inserted into an opening provided in the upper part of the mold. A crushing core 4 is arranged between the feeder insert 2 and the mold interior 5. A cavity 3 between the feeder insert 2 and the surrounding mold wall 1 a is provided by a recess in the mold wall 1. This recess is open towards the mold interior 5 and serves to receive the liquid metal penetrating from the mold interior 5. Cavities in the upper part of the mold or groove-like passages between the crusher core and the feeder insert or in the crusher core serve to fill the cavity 3 with the liquid metal.

Die Bedingung für das Auspacken des Abgusses noch vor der Erstarrung der Speiser ist, dass diese eine feste Verbindung mit dem Gussstück haben. Diese entsteht durch gesteuerte Federbildung, d.h. es wird eine dünne Büchse aus gegossenem Werkstoff um den Speisereinsatz 2 gebildet. Die erforderliche Spaltgrösse wird durch das Fliessvermögen des vergossenen Werkstoffes bestimmt und kann zwischen 0,5 und 10, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 5 mm liegen. Ein weiteres Kriterium ist die einfache Entfernbarkeit der Büchse ohne Einbruchsgefahr in das Gussstück durch Abklopfen gleichzeitig mit dem Speiser. Durch die den Speisereinsatz oder einen Teil des Speisereinsatzes umgebende Büchse aus gegossenem Metall wird dieser mit dem Gussstück fest verbunden und das Ausfliessen wird dadurch verhindert.The condition for unpacking the casting before the feeders solidify is that they have a firm connection to the casting. This results from controlled spring formation, i.e. a thin sleeve made of cast material is formed around the feeder insert 2. The required gap size is determined by the fluidity of the cast material and can be between 0.5 and 10, preferably between 0.5 and 5 mm. Another criterion is the easy removal of the bushing without the risk of breaking into the casting by tapping it simultaneously with the feeder. Due to the sleeve made of cast metal surrounding the feeder insert or part of the feeder insert, it is firmly connected to the casting and the outflow is thereby prevented.

Das in den Hohlraum zwischen Kokillenoberteil und Speisereinsatz eingedrungene Flüssigmetall erstarrt durch die Wirkung der Kokille beinahe schlagartig, und die feste Verbindung zwischen dem Gussstück und dem Speisereinsatz ist gebildet. Dann kann das Gussstück ohne Gefahr aus der Kokille herausgenommen werden.The liquid metal that has penetrated into the cavity between the upper part of the mold and the feed insert solidifies almost suddenly due to the effect of the mold, and the firm connection between the casting and the feed insert is formed. Then the casting can be removed from the mold without danger.

Die Anpassung der Giessgeschwindigkeit an die Wärmeübertragung zwischen der Form und dem Gussstück geschieht derart, dass die Erstarrungszone der Giesszone etwa in Sättigungslänge des Speisers folgt. Dadurch kann das Speiservolumen auf ein Minimum beschränkt werden.The adaptation of the casting speed to the heat transfer between the mold and the casting takes place in such a way that the solidification zone follows the casting zone approximately in the saturation length of the feeder. This allows the volume of the feeder to be kept to a minimum.

In diesem Fall wird das Lunkervolumen, welches durch den Speiserinhalt nachgefüllt werden soll, reduziert, und die Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit im Speiser und im Gussstück rückt in den Vordergrund. Zur Gewährleistung der Dichtspeisung kann das erforderliche Speisermodul nach folgender Formel bestimmt werden:

Figure imgb0001
In this case, the void volume that is to be refilled by the feeder content is reduced, and the solidification speed in the feeder and in the casting is brought to the fore. To ensure the seal supply, the required feeder module can be determined using the following formula:
Figure imgb0001

Durch genaue Abstimmung der Erstarrungszeiten lässt sich die Verweilzeit des Gussstückes in der Kokille wesentlich verkürzen. Es ermöglicht das vereinfachte Auspacken der Gussstücke durch Ausstossen statt Ausheben aus der Kokille.The dwell time of the casting in the mold can be significantly reduced by precisely coordinating the setting times. It makes it easier to unpack the castings by ejecting them instead of lifting them out of the mold.

Claims (7)

1. Permanent mould, in particular a metallic chill mould, which has at least one aperture for receiving a feeder insert, characterised in that between the feeder insert (2) and the chill mould wall (1a) surrounding this, there is provided a cavity (3) open towards the chill mould interior (5) for receiving the melt.
2. Permanent mould according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cavity (3) is formed in the chill mould wall (1 a) surrounding the feeder insert (2) along its circumference, as a recess open towards the chill mould interior (5).
3. Permanent mould according to Claim 2, characterised in that the recess in the chill mould wall (1a) runs continuously along its circumference.
4. Permanent mould according to Claim 3, characterised in that further recesses are provided in the chill mould wall (1a).
5. Permanent mould according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cavity (3) is directly connected to the feeder interior (6) by means of grooves.
6. Permanent mould according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cavity (3) is formed by one or several recesses in the feeder insert (2) and/or break core (4).
7. Permanent mould according to Claim 6, characterised in that the depth of the cavity (3) is adjusted within a range of 0.5 to 10 mm.
EP82107688A 1981-08-25 1982-08-23 Permanent mould, especially chill mould Expired EP0073441B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82107688T ATE13393T1 (en) 1981-08-25 1982-08-23 PERMANENT MOLD, ESPECIALLY A METALLIC MOLD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH546681 1981-08-25
CH5466/81 1981-08-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0073441A1 EP0073441A1 (en) 1983-03-09
EP0073441B1 true EP0073441B1 (en) 1985-05-22

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ID=4294080

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EP82107688A Expired EP0073441B1 (en) 1981-08-25 1982-08-23 Permanent mould, especially chill mould

Country Status (8)

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EP (1) EP0073441B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5841647A (en)
KR (1) KR840000918A (en)
AT (1) ATE13393T1 (en)
AU (1) AU553844B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8204949A (en)
CA (1) CA1196468A (en)
DE (1) DE3263758D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA831208B (en) * 1982-03-09 1983-11-30 Fischer Ag Georg Permanent metal mold with vertically arranged cavities
JPS61168532A (en) * 1984-08-23 1986-07-30 Sakai Chem Ind Co Ltd Production of fine crystal powder of barium ferrite
GB8512514D0 (en) * 1985-05-17 1985-06-19 Foseco Int Molten metal casting & feeder sleeves

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1369947A (en) * 1920-08-02 1921-03-01 Union Steel Casting Company Method of making sand molds
FR869518A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-02-04 Rudolf Rautenbach Process for the casting of molded metal parts
DE2309016A1 (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-08-29 Eduard Dr Ing Baur Feeder insert in casting mould - defines surrounding cavity which becomes filled with melt during pouring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8758482A (en) 1983-03-03
DE3263758D1 (en) 1985-06-27
EP0073441A1 (en) 1983-03-09
ATE13393T1 (en) 1985-06-15
AU553844B2 (en) 1986-07-31
KR840000918A (en) 1984-03-26
BR8204949A (en) 1983-08-02
JPS5841647A (en) 1983-03-10
CA1196468A (en) 1985-11-12

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