EP0073002A1 - Electromagnetic tripping device - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Latching-magnet releasing device which can be controlled by means of a coil and comprises a permanent magnet (3; 18; 123) for generating a magnetic flux which is carried through the limb sections of a yoke (1; 10; 70; 90; 120) and an armature (8; 34; 138), which causes the armature to be pulled against the force of a spring (2; 28; 140) towards the limb sections, one limb section being divided into at least two arms (1a, 1b; 1c; 1d; 50, 52; 124, 126) and a coil (6; 6a, 6b; 54, 56; 104; 130, 132) each being wound around at least one arm in such a manner that, when it is excited, opposite magnetic fluxes flow through the arms so that a flux reduction through the armature occurs in each current direction by magnetic saturation of one arm, characterised in that the yoke (1; 10; 70; 90, 120) and its limb sections is manufactured of one U- or V-shaped piece at which the permanent magnet (3; 18; 123) is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a holding magnet release which can be controlled by means of a coil and which can be used in particular in the case of residual current circuit breakers.

A controllable magnetic circuit has become known (DE-PS 949 502) which can be used as a blocking magnet release and which has two iron bodies arranged next to one another, each of which has a window through which a coil can be wound. The fact that the cross section in the window area is relatively small, there is always a reduction in the total flow when current flows in the coil, because the magnetic flux increases only slightly in one web due to saturation, whereas it is in the other web of the same yoke part greatly reduced or even reverse. For this purpose, reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing, in which the prior art is shown.

A similar blocking magnet release has also become known from DE-PS 10 78 227.

The problems with the known blocking magnet triggers are that the complexity of the details is very large because each blocking magnet trigger has at least two yoke parts (yoke plates) which have to be kept at a distance and connected by further, non-magnetic parts.

Triggers that are not referred to and act as blocking magnet triggers, but as so-called Ge _R enmagnetisierungsauslöser have become known for example from FR-PS 1 337 305 or DE-OS 24 30 288. These generally have a U-shaped magnet yoke, the leg ends of which are covered by a magnet armature, a permanent magnet being arranged on one of the legs or the transverse web, and the coil being arranged on the other leg.

The disadvantage of the known counter magnetization triggers is that they only trip in one current direction, therefore they have a longer response time and unequal sensitivity in both pulse current directions of a primary current in a converter to which the trigger is connected with a secondary winding.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a magnetic release of the type mentioned, which is simple in comparison to the known magnetic release and has higher sensitivity.

This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

According to the invention, a blocking magnet release is thus formed which has such a simple shape as was previously only possible with counter-magnetization releases, namely as a yoke only contains a one-piece part with two legs, which has all the contact surfaces for the armature.

A magnetic release, which is approximately U-shaped and one leg of which has two webs, has become known from DE-OS 2 830 438. However, this release does not act as a blocking magnet release because the magnet armature, which is attracted against the leg against the force of a spring, does not cover the entire yoke, but only the area or the web on which the coil is wound, whereas the other web serves as a shunt. This does not form a blocking magnet release.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Thus, according to the characterizing part of claim 2, at least one window is provided in one of the legs, through which two window webs extending transversely to the pole face of the leg are formed, around each of which a coil is wound. A further embodiment can go that two windows are provided in one of the legs, which are separated by a window web running parallel to the pole face, around which a coil is wound. According to the characterizing feature of claim 4, this window web can lie in the region of the connection point between the leg and the cross bar if the yoke has two legs and a cross bar connecting them to one another.

According to the characterizing part of claim 5, one leg can be slotted; this means that one coil can be applied to each of the webs thus created, which enables the plugging of prefabricated coils and therefore considerably simplifies production. This design also allows the use of coils with a large number of turns of thin wire, so that triggers with high impedance can be produced. It is essential for the correct functioning that the triggering (tearing off the armature) takes place by weakening the overall flow. Accordingly, the durability on the armature is generated at the pole point that carries the total flux, while the two webs, which can carry a different magnetic flux, only serve as bearing points. Decreases in a partial flow do not lead to tripping afterwards. In this respect, the advantages of the blocking magnet principle are realized in this embodiment of the invention. A corresponding arrangement of the force component (spring) on the armature is required to implement this embodiment of the invention.

Compared to the known state of the art, in which only one of the two webs of a yoke part was wound by a coil in the case of blocking magnet triggers, it is advantageous if each of the webs through which partial fluxes flow carries a coil for itself which, with its throughflow, leads to a change in flow in it Bridge leads.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the magnetic circuit according to the invention can be used as a blocking magnet release for a residual current circuit breaker, wherein low residual currents can be switched off, the polarity of which is not important.

The invention and further advantageous refinements and improvements of the invention are to be explained and described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which some exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown.

• Fig. 1 einen bekannten Sperrmagnetauslöser (DE-PS 949 502) in schematischer Darstellung
• Fig. 2 das Ersatzschaltbild des Sperrmagnetauslösers gemäß Figur 1,
• Fig.3 bis 5 drei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, in schematischer Darstellung
• Fig. 6 das Ersatzschaltbild zu den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß den Figuren 3 und 4,
• Fig. 7 das Ersatzschaltbild zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 5
• Fig. 8 eine Seitenansicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Magnetauslöser ähnlich dem der Figur 3
• Fig. 9 eine Seitenansicht auf den Magnetauslöser in Pfeilrichtung A gemäß Figur 8,
• Fig. 10 eine Aufsicht auf den Magnetauslöser gemäß Figur 8, in Pfeilrichtung B,
• Fig. 11 eine Aufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung des Magentjoches ähnlich der Aufsicht A der Figur 8, (mit Darstellung der \ Verengung nach Anspruch 6),
• Fig.12 und 13 zwei senkrecht zueinander liegende Ansichten einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Magnetjoches eines erfindungsgemäßen Auslösers, ähnlich dem der Figur 8,
• Fig. 14 eine Darstellung, aus der der Wickelsinn der Spulen ersichtlich ist,
• Fig.₁₅ und 16 je eine Ansicht ähnlich denen der Fig. 8 und 9 auf eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ähnlich der der Figur 5 und
• Fig. 17 eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ähnlich der der Figur 5, in einer Ansicht gem. den Figuren 8 oder 15,
• Fig.18 bis 20 drei senkrecht zueinander liegende Ansichten einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, ähnlich der der Figur 4, in einer Darstellung ähnlich den Figuren 8 bis 10, wobei Fig. 19 ein Schnitt gem. der Linie A-A aus Fig. 18 ist,
• Fig.21 bis 23 eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ähnlich der gem. Figur 4, in Ansichten ähnlich den Figuren 8 bis 10.

It showed

• Fig. 1 shows a known locking magnet release (DE-PS 949 502) in a schematic representation
• 2 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the blocking magnet release according to FIG. 1,
• 3 to 5 three embodiments of the invention, in a schematic representation
• 6 shows the equivalent circuit diagram for the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4,
• 7 shows the equivalent circuit diagram for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5
• 8 shows a side view of a magnetic release according to the invention similar to that of FIG. 3
• 9 shows a side view of the magnetic release in the direction of arrow A according to FIG. 8,
• 10 is a plan view of the magnetic release according to Figure 8, in the direction of arrow B,
• 11 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the Magentjoch similar to plan view A in FIG. 8 (showing the constriction according to claim 6),
• FIGS. 12 and 13 two views perpendicular to one another of a further embodiment of the magnetic yoke of a release according to the invention, similar to that of FIG. 8,
• Fig. 14 is an illustration from which the winding sense the coils can be seen
• ₁₅ and 16 are each a view similar to that of FIGS. 8 and 9 of an embodiment of the invention similar to that of FIGS. 5 and
• Fig. 17 shows a further embodiment of the invention similar to that of Figure 5, in a view acc. Figures 8 or 15,
• 18 to 20 three views perpendicular to each other of a further embodiment of the invention, similar to that of FIG. 4, in a representation similar to FIGS. 8 to 10, FIG. 19 being a section according to FIG. the line AA from FIG. 18,
• 21 to 23 a further embodiment of the invention similar to the gem. Figure 4, in views similar to Figures 8-10.

A known blocking magnet release is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (similar to DE-PS 949 502). This has two adjacent yokes 1 and 2 with a permanent magnet 3 located between them and two windows 4 and 5 in each yoke 1 and 2. A coil 6 is wound in the two windows. Between the two yokes 1 and 2 there is a shunt air gap 7. Above the webs 2a and 2b or la and 2b there is a magnet armature 8 which is pulled off against the holding force in the direction of arrow F during a triggering process.

FIG. 2 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of the arrangement according to FIG. 1. Here, the permanent magnet 3 as a "generator" and the webs la, lb, 2a, 2b as the hinged armature 8 are shown as magnetic resistors. The floodings generated by the coil 6 are shown as positive or negative voltage sources. Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in FIGS. 3 to 5. Thereby owns each magnetic circuit is only a yoke, which is designated by the reference number 1. This shows on the one hand the similarity of the three components 3 to 5 with each other, but on the other hand also shows that the configuration according to the invention has been considerably simplified compared to the known arrangement according to FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the yoke 2 can be eliminated. All three embodiments have a permanent magnet 3, two webs la, lb; only the embodiment according to FIG. 5 has two further webs 1c and 1d. The embodiment according to FIG. 3 has a window 4, which according to FIG. 5 has two windows 4a and 4b and FIG. 4 has a slot or a recess which is also designated by reference number 4 in order to clarify the similarity. The configurations acc. Figures 3 and 4 have a coil 6a and 6b around each web, whereas the configuration according to. Figure 5 has only one coil 6.

In the embodiment according to Figure 1 provides a shunt air gap 7; the shunts according to the explanations according to FIGS. 3 to 5 are formed in a manner known per se by parts of the yoke and therefore have the reference number 9 in order to represent the difference from FIG. 1.

The corresponding reference numbers are also entered in the two equivalent circuit diagrams in FIGS. 6 and 7.

• Durch den Permanentmagneten 3 wird ein Magnetfluß erzeugt, der in dem linken Zweig der Figur 2 sich aufteilt in die Magentflüsse durch die Stege 2a und 2b auf der linken Seite bzw. la und lb auf der rechten Seite. Aufgrund einer durch die Spule 6 erzeugten Durchflutung wird beispielsweise der Magnetfluß in dem Steg 2b erhöht und in dem Steg 2a erniedrigt, während er in dem Joch 1 im Steg la erhöht und im Steg lb erniedrigt wird. Infolge Sättigung wird die Erhöhung in den Stegen 2b bzw. la nicht so groß wie die Erniedrigung in den Stegen 2a und lb, wodurch insgesamt die auf den Anker wirkende magnetische Anzugskraft verkleinert wird, so daß der Anker aufgrund einer Feder in Pfeilrichtung F abgezogen werden kann.

The following must be carried out for the mode of operation of the three equivalent circuit diagrams in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7:

• A magnetic flux is generated by the permanent magnet 3, which is divided in the left branch of FIG. 2 into the magnetic fluxes through the webs 2a and 2b on the left side or la and lb on the right side. Due to a generated by the coil 6 Flooding, for example, the magnetic flux in the web 2b is increased and decreased in the web 2a, while it is increased in the yoke 1 in the web la and decreased in the web 1b. As a result of saturation, the increase in the webs 2b and la does not become as great as the decrease in the webs 2a and lb, as a result of which the magnetic attraction force acting on the armature is reduced overall, so that the armature can be pulled off in the direction of the arrow F due to a spring .

With the circuit diagram acc. 6, a magnetic flux in the same direction is generated in both webs 1a and 1b due to the permanent magnet 3. Due to the flooding generated by the coils 6a and 6b, the web la, for example, saturates, whereas the magnetic flux in the web lb is particularly greatly reduced and the magnetic flux direction can even be reversed. As a result, the sensitivity according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is greatly increased compared to that of FIGS. 1 and 2, although the effort is significantly reduced.

In FIG. 7, the permanent magnet 3 generates a magnetic flux in the same direction in the webs 1a to 1d. Two control flows are generated by the coil 6, which flow through the webs la and lb or lc and ld in opposite directions: through the webs la and lb according to the direction of the arrow Fl and the webs lc and ld according to the direction of the arrow F2. Assuming that the main flux generated by the permanent magnet 3 runs in the direction of the arrow F3, then the magnetic flux in the webs 1b and 1c increases, whereas the magnetic flux in the webs 1a and 1d decreases. As a result, the webs 1b and 1c became saturated, so that the pulling force on the gastric tanker 8 is reduced. The arrangement according to FIGS. 5 and 7 is also cheaper compared to the arrangement according to FIG. 1, because here too Compared to the known only a yoke is provided.

3, 4 and 5 only schematically represent the magnetic circuit or trigger, FIGS. 8 and the following each show a detailed embodiment.

The electromagnetic release according to FIG. 8 has a U-shaped yoke 10 with two legs 12 and 14 which are connected to one another by means of a crossbar 16. A permanent magnet 18 is attached to the outside of the leg 14. On the outside of the leg 14, a spring holder 20 is attached, which is bent. The spring holder 20 has an extension 22 which runs parallel to the outer web 16 and in which a recess 24 is arranged, through which the hook-shaped end 26 of a tension spring 28 extends. The two legs 12 and 14 end in pole faces 30 and 32, over which a magnetic armature 34 is placed, which continues beyond the leg 14 into an extension 36, in which a recess 38 is made, into which the hook-shaped other end 40 the spring 28 is suspended. The spring holder 20 is fork-shaped in its upper region, two fork ends 42 and 44 being formed, between which the extension 36 engages and is guided. The armature 34 has a taper 46 projecting toward the other leg, which lies on the pole face 30 of the leg 12.

The leg 12 has a window 48, so that two webs 50 and 52 are formed, around which a coil 54 and 56 is wound. The webs 50 and 52 are thus constrictions which correspond to the constrictions la and lb in FIG. Grooves 62 and 64 can further reduce these constrictions (see FIG. 11). By the permanent magnet 18 is in Yoke 10 generates a magnetic flux, which is divided into the two magnetic fluxes by the webs 50 and 52. Due to the flooding generated by the coils z. B. the magnetic flux in the web 52 increased and decreased in the web 50; the mode of operation has been shown in FIG. 3.

A further embodiment of a yoke is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. The yoke, which has the reference numeral 70, is in principle U-shaped with an Ouersteg 72 and a leg 74, on the outer surface similar to the leg 14 of the trigger gem. Figure 8 is a permanent magnet attached (not shown). The other leg 76 is arranged obliquely with respect to the orientation of the leg 74, so that it encloses an angle with the leg 74. Otherwise, the shape is similar to that of the yoke 10. of Figure 8. This creates a larger space for the coils.

FIG. 14 shows a winding to show the sense of winding for the two coils 54 and 56. The coil wire 80 is first inserted into the interior of the window 48 lying between the two window webs 52 and 54, looped around the window web 52 several times in the direction of arrow P, specifically here counter clockwise. Then the wire is threaded into the window 48 and clockwise acc. Arrow direction P1 also wrapped around the window web 54 several times. The number of turns is determined by the purpose and the desired sensitivity.

15 to 17 show further refinements of the invention. The trigger has a U-shaped magnetic yoke 90 with two legs 92 and 94 and a crossbar 96 connecting both legs together; the leg 94 corresponds to the leg 14, and accordingly the permanent magnet 18, the spring 28, the spring holder 20 and the support of the hinged armature 34 are also arranged there. The other leg 92 has two windows 100 and 102 which are separated from one another by a window web 98 which runs parallel to the pole face and through which a coil 104 is threaded through the web 98.

Instead of arranging the window web in the region of the leg in such a way that both windows lie in the leg, one can also arrange the window web 106 at the connection point between the leg 92 and the cross web 96, in such a way that one window 108 in the cross web 96 and the other window 110 in the leg 92 (Fig. 17).

Reference is now made to FIGS. 18 to 20. The magnetic release has a U-shaped yoke 120 with a leg 122, on the outside of which a permanent magnet 123 is arranged. On the side opposite the leg 122, the yoke 120 has two webs 124 and 126, so that a space 128 is formed between the two. A coil 130 and 132 is formed around each of the two webs 124 and 126. With their pole faces 134 and 136, the two webs 124 and 126 form bearing surfaces for the armature 138, which is under the action of a spring 140 which engages on an extension 142 projecting beyond the two webs 124 and 126. A magnetic flux is generated in the yoke 120 by the permanent magnet 124, which holds the armature on the pole face 144 of the leg 122 against the action of the spring 140. If a magnetic flux is generated due to a current flow through the coils 130 and 132, then the attraction force on the pole face 144 on the armature 138 becomes smaller than the pulling force of the spring 140, so that the armature folds in the direction of arrow G around the bearing surfaces 134 and 136 at the ends of the two webs 124 and 126.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 21 to 23. The arrangement of the parts is the same as that shown in FIGS. 18 to 20; only the geometric dimensions have changed.

In this embodiment, however, the two webs 124 and 126 which carry the two coils are pulled apart widely and the cross web 120 is shortened as much as possible, the armature being adapted accordingly. The Svstem is thus rotated relative to the according to the figures 18 to 20 in a rectangular housing 90 ^0th This allows larger coils to be accommodated, so that the sensitivity of the trigger can be increased.

Of course, the yoke can also have the shape of a V.

Claims (6)

1. Using a coil controllable magnetic release with a permanent magnet (3,18) for generating a magnetic flux which is guided over the legs of an approximately U-shaped, one-piece yoke (1,10.90,120) and a hinged armature (8,34) , whereby the hinged anchor is tightened against the force of a spring (28) on the legs (12, 14), characterized in that at least one leg (12, 14) in at least two webs (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d; 50, 52; 98,106, 124, 126), whereby one coil (5,54,56,104,130,132) is wound around at least one web in such a way that opposite flows occur in the webs, so that there is a flow reduction across the hinged anchor in each direction of flow sets and thus there is a blocking magnet release. 2. Holding magnet release according to AnsDruch 1, characterized in that at least one window (4,48) is provided in one of the legs, whereby two window webs (1a, 1b, 50,52) extending transversely to the pole face (30) of the leg are formed , around which a coil (6, 54, 56) is wound. 3. holding magnet release according to claim 1, characterized in that in one of the legs two windows (4a, 4b, 100; 102, 108, 110) are provided, which are separated by a window web (98, 106) running parallel to the pole face, around which a coil (6, 104) is wound. 4. holding magnet release according to claim 1, with a U-shaped yoke with two legs and a cross bar connecting them, characterized in that one window (108) is arranged in the cross bar (96) and the other window (110) is arranged in one leg (92). 5. Holding magnet release according to claim 1, characterized in that one leg is slotted so that two webs (124, 126) are formed, on each of which a coil (130, 132) is wound, and that the ends of the webs as bearing points (134, 136) serve for the anchor (138). 6. Holding magnet release according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the webs (50, 52) in the region within the coil have at least one constriction (62, 64).

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