EP0073002B1 - Electromagnetic tripping device - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Latching-magnet releasing device which can be controlled by means of a coil and comprises a permanent magnet (3; 18; 123) for generating a magnetic flux which is carried through the limb sections of a yoke (1; 10; 70; 90; 120) and an armature (8; 34; 138), which causes the armature to be pulled against the force of a spring (2; 28; 140) towards the limb sections, one limb section being divided into at least two arms (1a, 1b; 1c; 1d; 50, 52; 124, 126) and a coil (6; 6a, 6b; 54, 56; 104; 130, 132) each being wound around at least one arm in such a manner that, when it is excited, opposite magnetic fluxes flow through the arms so that a flux reduction through the armature occurs in each current direction by magnetic saturation of one arm, characterised in that the yoke (1; 10; 70; 90, 120) and its limb sections is manufactured of one U- or V-shaped piece at which the permanent magnet (3; 18; 123) is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a controllable by means of a coil blocking magnet trigger according to the preamble of claim 1, the z. B. is known from DEA2116473. Such blocking magnet triggers can be used in particular in the case of residual current protective shoulders.

A controllable magnetic circuit has become known (DE-C-949502) which can be used as a blocking magnet release and which has two iron bodies arranged next to one another, each of which has a window through which a coil can be wound. The fact that the cross section in the window area is relatively small, there is always a reduction in the total flow when current flows in the coil, because the magnetic flux increases only slightly in one web due to saturation, whereas it is in the other web of the same yoke part greatly reduced or even reverse. For this purpose, reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing, in which the prior art is shown.

A similar blocking magnet release has also become known from DE-C-1078227.

The problems with the known blocking magnet triggers are that the complexity of the details is very large because each blocking magnet trigger has at least two yoke parts (yoke plates) which have to be kept at a distance and connected by further, non-magnetic parts.

Triggers that are called and act as so-called counter magnetization triggers and not as a blocking magnet triggers have become known, for example, from FR-A-1 337 305 or DE-A-24 30 288. These generally have a U-shaped magnet yoke, the leg ends of which are covered by a magnet armature, a permanent magnet being arranged on one of the legs or the transverse web, and the coil being arranged on the other leg.

The disadvantage of the known counter magnetization triggers is essentially that they only trigger in one current direction, therefore they have a longer response time and unequal sensitivity in both pulse current directions of a primary current in a converter to which the trigger is connected with a secondary winding.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a blocking magnet release of the type mentioned, which is simple in comparison to the known blocking magnet releases and has higher sensitivity.

This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

According to the invention, a blocking magnet release is thus formed which has such a simple shape as was previously only possible with counter-magnetization releases, namely as a yoke only contains a one-piece part with two legs, which has all the contact surfaces for the armature.

A magnetic release, which is approximately U-shaped and one leg of which has two webs, has become known from DE-A-2 830 438. However, this release does not act as a blocking magnet release because the magnet armature, which is attracted against the leg against the force of a spring, does not cover the entire yoke, but only the area or the web on which the coil is wound, whereas the other web serves as a shunt. This does not form a blocking magnet release.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Thus, according to the characterizing part of claim 2, at least one window is provided in one of the leg parts, through which two webs are formed which run transversely to the pole face of the leg part and around which a coil is wound. A further embodiment can be that two windows are provided in one of the leg parts, which are separated by a window web running parallel to the pole face, around which a coil is wound. This window web can lie according to the characterizing feature of claim 4 in the area of the junction between the leg part and the cross bar if one window is arranged in one leg part and the other window in the cross bar connecting the leg parts of the U-shaped yoke.

According to the characterizing part of claim 5, one leg part can be slotted; this means that one coil can be applied to each of the webs thus created, which enables the plugging of prefabricated coils and therefore considerably simplifies production. This version also allows the use of coils with a large number of turns of thin wire, so that blocking magnet releases with high impedance can be produced. It is essential for the correct functioning that the triggering (tearing off the armature) takes place by weakening the overall flow. Accordingly, the durability on the armature is generated at the pole point that carries the total flux, while the two webs, which can carry a different magnetic flux, only serve as bearing points. Decreases in a partial flow do not lead to tripping afterwards. In this respect, the advantages of the blocking magnet principle are realized in this embodiment of the invention. A corresponding arrangement of the force component (spring) on the armature is required to implement this embodiment of the invention.

• Figuren 1 bis 3 drei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung in schematischer Darstellung,
• Figur 4 eine Seitenansicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Sperrmagnetauslöser ähnlich dem der Figur 1,
• Figur 5 eine Seitenansicht auf den Sperrmagnetauslöser in Pfeilrichtung A gemäß Fig. 4,
• Figur 6 eine Aufsicht auf den Sperrmagnetauslöser gemäß Fig. 4 in Pfeilrichtung B,
• Figur 7 eine Aufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung des Magentjoches ähnlich der Aufsicht in Pfeilrichtung A der Fig. 4,
• Figuren 8 und 9 zwei senkrecht zueinander liegende Ansichten einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Magnetjoches eines erfindungsgemäßen Sperrmagnetauslösers, ähnlich dem der Fig. 4,
• Figur 10 eine Darstellung, aus der der Wickelsinn der Spulen ersichtlich ist,
• Figuren 11 und 12 je eine Ansicht ähnlich denen der Fig. 4 und 5 auf eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung ähnlich der der Fig. 3,
• Figur 13 eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ähnlich der der Fig. 3, in einer Ansicht gemäß den Fig. 4 oder 11,
• Figuren 14 und 16 drei senkrecht zueinander liegende Ansichten einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, ähnlich der der Fig. 2, in einer Darstellung ähnlich der der Fig. 4 bis 6, wobei Fig. 15 ein Schnitt gemäß der Linie A-A aus Fig. 14 ist,
• Figuren 17 und 19 eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ähnlich der gemäß Fig. 2, in Ansichten ähnlich der der Fig. 4 bis 6.

Based on the drawing, in which some embodiments of the invention are shown, the invention and further advantageous refinements and improvements of the Er be explained and described in more detail. It shows

• FIGS. 1 to 3 show three exemplary embodiments of the invention in a schematic illustration,
• FIG. 4 shows a side view of a blocking magnet release according to the invention similar to that of FIG. 1,
• 5 shows a side view of the blocking magnet release in the direction of arrow A according to FIG. 4,
• 6 shows a plan view of the blocking magnet release according to FIG. 4 in the direction of arrow B,
• FIG. 7 shows a top view of a further embodiment of the Magentjoch similar to the top view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 4,
• FIGS. 8 and 9 show two views perpendicular to one another of a further embodiment of the magnetic yoke of a blocking magnet release according to the invention, similar to that of FIG. 4,
• FIG. 10 is an illustration from which the winding direction of the coils can be seen.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 each show a view similar to that of FIGS. 4 and 5 of an embodiment of the invention similar to that of FIG. 3,
• FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of the invention similar to that of FIG. 3, in a view according to FIGS. 4 or 11,
• FIGS. 14 and 16 three views perpendicular to one another of a further embodiment of the invention, similar to that of FIG. 2, in a representation similar to that of FIGS. 4 to 6, FIG. 15 being a section along the line AA from FIG. 14,
• FIGS. 17 and 19 show a further embodiment of the invention similar to that according to FIG. 2, in views similar to that of FIGS. 4 to 6.

1 shows a blocking magnet release according to the invention. This has a yoke 1 which is U-shaped with two legs 5 and 9. On one leg 9, namely on its outside, there is a permanent magnet 3; In the other leg 5, a window 4 is introduced, so that two webs 1a and 1b are formed, around which a coil 6a and 6b is wound. The window is delimited at the top by means of a cross piece 7 on which a pole face 7a is formed. The pole face 7a and the free end face of the leg 9 is covered by an anchor 8; the armature 8 is rotatably supported on the end face of the leg 9 and it is acted upon by a spring 2 in the clockwise direction (arrow direction U).

The arrangement according to FIG. 2 again has a yoke 1 which is U-shaped with two legs 9 and 5. The leg 5 has a window, but which is open towards the anchor 8. As a result, two webs 1a and 1b are formed, around which the coils 6a and 6b are wound. The armature 8 rotates around the free leg end of the web 1 a, counterclockwise due to the force of the spring 2 in the direction of the arrow U1. The individual elements of the two configurations according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are different; however, since the individual components have the same effect, the same reference numbers are used. This also applies to the embodiment according to FIG. 3. It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the leg 5 has two windows 4a and 4b lying one above the other, as a result of which a total of four webs 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d and a window web 1e are formed. The coil 6 is wound around this window web 1e. Otherwise, the arrangement according to FIG. 3 is similar to that according to FIG. 1.

• Durch den Permanentmagneten 3 wird ein Magnetfluß erzeugt, der sich im linken Schenkel 5 aufteilt in die Magnetflüsse durch die Stege 1a und 1b bzw. 1a, 1c und 1b, 1d. Die Magnetflüsse in diesen Schenkeln sind gleichsinnig. Aufgrund der von den Spulen 6a und 6b erzeugten Durchflutungen (Figur 1 und 2) gelangt beispielsweise der Steg 1a in die Sättigung, wogegen der Magnetfluß im Steg 1 b besonders stark reduziert wird, wobei sogar eine Umkehrung der Magnetflußrichtung eintreten kann. Demgemäß wird die Anzugskraft auf den Anker 8 verringert, so daß die Feder 2 den Anker in Pfeilrichtung U oder U₁ aufklappen kann.

The following must be carried out for the operation of the three arrangements:

• A magnetic flux is generated by the permanent magnet 3, which is divided in the left leg 5 into the magnetic fluxes through the webs 1a and 1b or 1a, 1c and 1b, 1d. The magnetic fluxes in these legs are in the same direction. Due to the flooding generated by the coils 6a and 6b (FIGS. 1 and 2), the web 1a, for example, saturates, whereas the magnetic flux in the web 1b is particularly greatly reduced, and the magnetic flux direction can even be reversed. Accordingly, the tightening force on the armature 8 is reduced, so that the spring 2 can open the armature in the direction of the arrow U or U ₁ .

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the permanent magnet 3 generates a magnetic flux in the same direction in the webs 1a to 1d. The coil 6 generates two control flows which each run in the opposite direction through the webs 1a, 1b and 1c, 1d. Assuming that the main flux generated by the permanent magnet 3 runs in the direction from the north pole to the south pole, then the magnetic flux in the webs 1a and 1d increases, whereas the magnetic flux in the webs 1b and 1c decreases. As a result, the webs 1a and 1d become saturated, so that the attraction force on the armature 8 is reduced.

While Figures 1, 2 and 3 represent the blocking magnet release only schematically, a detailed embodiment is shown in Figures 4 and following.

The blocking magnet release according to FIG. 4 has a U-shaped yoke 10 with two legs 12 and 14 which are connected to one another by means of a cross piece 16. A permanent magnet 18 is attached to the outside of the leg 14. On the outside of the leg 14, a spring holder 20 is attached, which is bent. The spring holder 20 has an extension 22 which runs parallel to the transverse web 16 and in which a recess 24 is arranged, through which a hook-shaped end 26 of a tension spring (spring 28) extends. The two legs 12 and 14 end in pole faces 30 and 32, over which an armature 34 is placed, which continues beyond the leg 14 into an extension 36, in which a recess 38 is made, into which the hook-shaped other end 40 the spring 28 is suspended. The spring holder 20 is fork-shaped in its upper region, two fork ends 42 and 44 being formed, between which the extension 36 engages and is guided. The armature 34 has one towards the other Leg-projecting taper 46, which rests on the pole face 30 of the leg 12.

The leg 12 has a window 48, so that two webs 50 and 52 are formed, around which a coil 54 and 56 is wound. The webs 50 and 52 are thus constrictions which correspond to the constrictions (webs 1a and 1b) in FIG. 1. Grooves 62 and 64 can further reduce the cross section of these narrow points (FIG. 7). A magnetic flux is generated in the yoke 10 by the permanent magnet 18 and is divided into the two magnetic fluxes by the webs 50 and 52. Due to the flooding generated by the coils z. B. the magnetic flux in the web 52 is increased and decreased in the web 50.

A further embodiment of a yoke is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. The yoke, which has the reference numeral 70, is in principle U-shaped with a cross piece 72 and a leg 74, on the outer surface of which, similarly to the leg 14 of the blocking magnet release according to FIG. 4, a permanent magnet is attached (not shown). The other leg 76 is arranged obliquely with respect to the orientation of the leg 74, so that it encloses an angle with the leg 74. Otherwise, the shape is similar to that of the yoke 10 according to FIG. 4. This creates a larger space for the coils.

FIG. 10 shows a representation of the direction of winding for the two coils 54 and 56. The coil wire 80 is first inserted into the interior of the window 48 between the two webs 50 and 52, looped around the web 52 several times in the direction of the arrow P, specifically in the opposite direction clockwise. The wire is then threaded into the window 48 and also wrapped several times around the web 50 in the clockwise direction in the direction of the arrow P1. The number of turns is determined by the desired sensitivity.

11 to 13 show further refinements of the invention. The blocking magnet release has a U-shaped yoke 90 with two legs 92 and 94 and a cross bar 96 connecting both legs; the leg 94 corresponds to the leg 14 in FIG. 4 and accordingly the permanent magnet 18, the spring 28, the spring holder 20 and the support of the armature 34 are also arranged there. The other leg 92 has two windows 100 and 102 which are separated from one another by a window web 98 which runs parallel to the pole face and through which a coil 104 is threaded so as to surround the window web 98.

Instead of arranging the window web in the region of the leg in such a way that both windows lie in the leg, the window web 106 can also be arranged at the junction between the leg 92 and the cross web 96, such that one window 108 in the cross web 96 and the other window 110 lie in the leg 92 (Figure 13).

Reference is now made to FIGS. 14 to 16. The blocking magnet release has a U-shaped yoke 120 with a leg 122, on the outside of which a permanent magnet 123 is arranged. On the side opposite the leg 122, the yoke 120 has two webs 124 and 126, so that a space 128 is formed between the two. A coil 130 and 132 is arranged around each of the two webs 124 and 126. With their pole faces, the two webs 124 and 126 form bearing points 134 and 136 for the armature 138, which is under the action of a spring 140 which acts on an extension 142 projecting beyond the two webs 124 and 126. The permanent magnet 123 generates a magnetic flux in the yoke 120, which holds the armature against the pole surface 144 of the leg 122 against the action of the spring 140. If a magnetic flux is generated due to a current flow through the coils 130 and 132, then the pulling force at the pole face 144 on the armature 138 becomes smaller than the pulling force of the spring 140, so that the armature in the arrow direction G around the bearing points 134 and 136 the ends of the two webs 124 and 126 folds.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 17 to 19. The basic structure of the arrangement is the same as that shown in FIGS. 14 to 16; only the geometric arrangement has been changed.

In this embodiment, the two webs 124 and 126, which carry the two coils, are pulled apart widely and the yoke 120 is shortened as much as possible, the armature being adapted accordingly. This allows larger coils to be accommodated, so that the sensitivity of the trigger can be increased.

Of course, the yoke can also have the shape of a V.

Claims (6)

1. Latching-magnet releasing device which can be controlled by means of a coil and comprises a permanent magnet (3 ; 18 ; 123) for generating a magnetic flux which is carried through the limb sections of a yoke (1 ; 10 ; 70 ; 90 ; 120) and an armature (8 ; 34 ; 138), which causes the armature to be pulled against the force of a spring (2 ; 28 ; 140) towards the limb sections, one limb section being divided into at least two arms (1a, 1b ; 1c ; 1d ; 50, 52 ; 124, 126) and a coil (6 ; 6a, 6b ; 54, 56 ; 104 ; 130, 132) each being wound around at least one arm in such a manner that, when it is excited, opposite magnetic fluxes flow through the arms so that a flux reduction through the armature occurs in each current direction by magnetic saturation of one arm, characterised in that the yoke (1 ; 10 ; 70 ; 90, 120) and its limb sections is manufactured of one U- or V-shaped piece at which the permanent magnet (3; 18; 123) is arranged.

2. Latching-magnet releasing device according to Claim 1, characterised in that in one of the limb sections at least one window (4; 48) is provided which forms two arms (1a, 1 b ; 50, 52) which extend transversely to the pole face (7a ; 30) of the limb sections and around which one coil each (6a, 6b ; 54, 56) is wound.

3. Latching-magnet releasing device according to Claim 1, characterised in that in one of the limb sections two windows (4a, 4b ; 100, 102) are provided which are separated by a window arm (1e ; 98) which extends parallel to the pole face and around which a coil (6 ; 104) is wound.

4. Latching-magnet releasing device according to Claim 3, characterised .in that one window (110) is arranged in a limb section (92) and the other window (108) is arranged in the transverse arm (96) joining the limb sections of the U-shaped yoke (90).

5. Latching-magnet releasing device according to Claim 1, characterised in that one limb section (122) is slotted so that two arms (124, 126) are formed onto which in each case one coil (130, 132) is wound and that the ends of the arms are used as support points (134, 136) for the armature (138).

6. Latching-magnet releasing device according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the arms (50, 52) have at least one constriction (grooves 62, 64) in the area inside the coil.

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