EP0070780A1 - Convertisseur d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique à moteur Stirling et générateur électrique intégré - Google Patents

Convertisseur d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique à moteur Stirling et générateur électrique intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0070780A1
EP0070780A1 EP82401341A EP82401341A EP0070780A1 EP 0070780 A1 EP0070780 A1 EP 0070780A1 EP 82401341 A EP82401341 A EP 82401341A EP 82401341 A EP82401341 A EP 82401341A EP 0070780 A1 EP0070780 A1 EP 0070780A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pistons
converter according
movement
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82401341A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Louis Boy-Marcotte
Gilbert M.I. Dahan
Michel Dancette
Marcel Pierre Le Nabour
Jean-François Georges Aime Pellerin
José Rivallin
Marcel Jannot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bertin Technologies SAS
Original Assignee
Bertin et Cie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bertin et Cie SA filed Critical Bertin et Cie SA
Publication of EP0070780A1 publication Critical patent/EP0070780A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/0435—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines the engine being of the free piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/30—Heat inputs using solar radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2280/00—Output delivery
    • F02G2280/10—Linear generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a converter of thermal energy into electrical energy with Stirling cycle with integrated electrical generator.
  • a Stirling engine combines a thermocompressor and one or more power pistons responsible for transforming the pressure variation produced by the thermocompressor into an alternating movement.
  • thermocompressor is produced by circuit 1, comprising in series: a cold exchanger 4, a regenerator 3, and a hot exchanger 2, looped over a cylinder in which moves a displacement piston 7.
  • the reciprocating movements of the displacement piston 7 only have the effect of transferring the working fluid, helium or air under a pressure of a few tens of bar, from a cylinder cavity in the other, passing through the exchangers of circuit 1. It follows that the working fluid undergoes successively overheating and cooling according to the direction of travel of this circuit 1, indicated by the arrows la and 1b.
  • These successive alternative thermal transformations at constant volume, induce pressure variations, hence the name of thermocompressor.
  • these pressure variations are transmitted to a mechanical system external to the enclosure, in which the displacing piston moves, by any mechanical connection such as a connecting rod-crank system. It is this connection which poses the sealing problem at the outlet of the shaft between the pressure vessel and the exterior.
  • the present invention solves the sealing problem mentioned above by producing a fully sealed group without mechanical connection to the outside, inside which the pressure variations induced by the movement of the displacing piston are applied directly to the face of one or more engine or power pistons: the displacer piston being entirely separated from the engine piston (s).
  • the mechanical power supplied by the driving piston is transformed directly, inside a single sealed enclosure, into electric power by means of a mechanical energy converter into electric energy.
  • this converter is produced by a conventional electric generator such as a rotary electric alternator, the rotor of which is connected to the power piston by a connecting rod-crank system for example.
  • this converter is materialized by a linear electric generator, the magnetic mobile of which is integral with the power piston which is directly subjected to the pressure variations induced by the movement of the displacing piston.
  • this linear electric generator is a linear alternator.
  • the coupled oscillations of the displacer and motor pistons are then maintained by a periodic force, of imposed pulsation, applied to the displacer piston.
  • the movements of the motor and displacer pistons are collinear inside a same cylindrical cavity.
  • the drive of the displacing piston is advantageously carried out by a linear electric motor, the mobile magnetic mass of which is integral with the displacing piston.
  • This arrangement eliminates the asymmetrical forces of conventional drive systems such as the rod-crank system origins of mechanical losses and significant sources of vibration: the movable members opposing only collinear forces to their movements.
  • the moving assembly of the linear motor constitutes a resonator system having a determined natural frequency.
  • the pulsation imposed on the displacing piston, by the frequency of the supply current of the linear motor, which may be variable, will preferably be chosen close to the natural frequency of the resonator system for its optimal operation.
  • the movements of the displacer and motor pistons take place in two separate cavities, communicating with each other by at least one conduit or channel having a minimum pressure drop.
  • the pressure variations induced by the movement of the displacing piston are applied to the face of at least one driving piston.
  • a privileged arrangement by the simplicity of its design, is provided by the combination of two motor pistons animated by opposing movements, in the same cylindrical cavity, from an equilibrium position for which the faces of the two pistons opposite determine a chamber in the vicinity of the center from which opens the conduit or conduits which transmit the pressure variations induced by the movement of the displacing piston.
  • This arrangement also has the advantage of achieving a perfectly balanced group.
  • the engine pistons constitute resonant mechanical systems having a specific natural oscillation frequency (50 HZ for example).
  • the working fluid itself which constitutes a pneumatic spring, the dimensioning of the machine being fixed so that the working fluid occupies an effective volume having a certain elasticity corresponding to a certain natural frequency of the motor piston that one wishes to achieve.
  • the rods of said pistons are connected to the fixed structure of the cavity by an elastic connection such as a mechanical, hydraulic or other spring.
  • an elastic connection such as a mechanical, hydraulic or other spring.
  • the power collected at the terminals of the linear alternator is maximum for a oscillation frequency of the displacing piston equal to the natural frequency of said motor pistons.
  • This resonant frequency will advantageously be substantially close to the natural frequency of longitudinal oscillation of the moving element of the linear motor.
  • These natural frequencies are advantageously adjustable by mechanical means which make it possible to modify from the outside of the enclosure the stiffness of these resonant mechanical systems such as a conventional tensioner system in the case of an elastic connection by spring or by modification of the volume occupied by the working fluid.
  • the drive of the displacing piston is carried out either by a linear or rotary electric motor.
  • the coupling between the engine and displacer pistons is generally carried out by mechanical or pneumatic means, so that the phase difference between the movement of the two pistons is imposed once and for all from the design of the machine.
  • the initial phase shift provided is such that the movements of the two pistons are in quadrature, the movement of the displacing piston then being in phase advance, in the case where it is desired to transmit maximum power.
  • this type of link realizing the coupling between the two pistons can deteriorate over time so that the engine is no longer adapted, after a certain number of operating hours, to its optimum operating point for which it was designed. The adjustment can then only be carried out by carrying out a direct intervention on the machine.
  • the claimed device allows an adaptation of the operation of the machine responding to variable constraints of use such as a variable thermal power at the hot source or at a variable electrical charge, or at optimum efficiency. Indeed, it allows a control of the coupling between displacer piston and driving piston both by mechanical means accessible from outside the group and by an electronic regulation system.
  • the control of physical parameters of the aeromechanical coupling between the two sets of pistons is carried out by mechanical means such as those allowing the control of the stiffness of the elastic connections of the different mobile assemblies as mentioned above or the control of the volume of the chamber. 'expansion by placing it in communication with an additional volume via an isolation valve.
  • Another important advantage of the invention is represented in the electronic regulation system offered by the nature of the electro-mechanical coupling which can be established between the mechanical variables characterizing the movement of the two sets of pistons and the electrical variables characterizing the electrical quantities to entry and exit of the electromechanical system.
  • phase shift between the movements of the two pistons will be controlled in particular by providing a phase control between the instantaneous electrical input and output voltages of the electromechanical system.
  • This regulation will be able to operate in particular, on two fundamental kinematic variables of the movement of the coupled mechanical system: the frequency and the phase shift between the movements of the displacer and motor pistons.
  • the frequency control is carried out either by a conventional regulator of the speed of rotation of the drive motor of the displacing piston such as an electronic speed variator or by a cutting of the supply current of the linear motor produced by a conventional "chopper".
  • the scanning of this frequency makes it possible in particular to agree on the aeromechanical resonance frequency of the driving piston for which the power delivered is maximum.
  • the phase shift control is carried out by varying the phase of the current and in particular the supply voltage of the drive motor relative to the current delivered by the linear alternator by a conventional phase control system.
  • FIG. 1 The basic elements constituting the Stirling cycle machine with integrated electric generator, object of the invention, are illustrated in particular in FIG. 1 where a circuit 1 can be seen diagrammatically comprising successively: a hot exchanger 2, a regenerator 3 and a cold exchanger 4 in which the working fluid circulates, for example helium or pressurized air, which undergoes successive heating and cooling operations according to the direction of travel of said circuit 1 indicated by arrows 1a and 1b.
  • a circuit 1 can be seen diagrammatically comprising successively: a hot exchanger 2, a regenerator 3 and a cold exchanger 4 in which the working fluid circulates, for example helium or pressurized air, which undergoes successive heating and cooling operations according to the direction of travel of said circuit 1 indicated by arrows 1a and 1b.
  • This circuit 1 communicates with the two chambers 5a and 5b of the cavity 5, of a cylindrical enclosure 6, delimited by the stroke of the displacing piston 7 inside said enclosure 6; the part 5a in direct relation with the hot exchanger 2 is called the hot part, the part 5b in direct relation with the cold exchanger 4 is called the cold part.
  • Rod 8 of the displacement piston? is connected to the wall of the cylinder 6 by its end 9, by an elastic system 10; could this elastic connection be located opposite and fixed on the very body of the piston? but in this case it would be subjected to thermal variations which would periodically modify its mechanical characteristics.
  • the end part of the rod 8 carries the magnetic mass of a linear electric motor 12, the fixed part 13 of which is secured to the wall of the enclosure 6 by connections not shown.
  • the dotted line 14 symbolizes the supply of the linear electric motor 12.
  • Maintaining the movement of the displacer piston 7 requires little mechanical work because it only has to overcome the pressure drop for transferring the working fluid through the exchangers which are of the order of bar. This work will be provided with a minimum loss if the fre quence of the supply current of the linear motor is substantially equal to the natural frequency of the linear oscillator constituted by the mechanical system: displacing piston 7 and its rod 8 and the elastic connection 10.
  • the movements of the displacing piston 7 and of the driving or power piston 15 are collinear inside the same cylindrical enclosure 6, where the seal between the pistons 7 and 15 and the bore of the common cylinder 6 is carried out by a system of conventional seals or rings not shown.
  • the driving piston 15 has a central recess 16 inside which the rod 8 of the displacing piston 7 slides freely.
  • the rod 19 of the driving piston 15 carries the mobile magnetic circuit 20 of the linear alternator 21.
  • the current delivered by the linear generator, in general, or the linear alternator 21, in particular, represented by the arrow 27, is collected at the terminals of coils 22 which are supplied, over a fraction of period of the current thus produced, by a excitation current symbolized by the dotted line 23, supplied by a buffer battery for example.
  • These coils 22 will advantageously consist of two adjoining parts for recovering electrical energy in the two directions of movement of the movement of the drive piston 15 and for balancing the forces on the moving element; they define with the moving parts 20 a reduced air gap of the order of a few 1/10 mm.
  • the excitation current 23 will be controlled from power elements such as thyristors. The useful current will be available over a period of movement of the driving piston 15; it will advantageously be used to charge a battery.
  • the mobile magnetic circuit consists of a permanent magnet.
  • the supply current of the linear motor 12 will be taken either directly from the current produced by the alternator 21, after prior shaping, or supplied by a battery charged by said alternator 21.
  • the electronic regulation system symbolized at 25 makes it possible to control the various operating parameters of the Stirling engine according to the processes detailed above, from control commands and commands symbolized by the dotted lines which lead to system 25.
  • the control instructions for the hot source 18 come either upstream by an indication of the value of the flow rate of the fuel which will advantageously be controlled by a solenoid valve, or downstream by an indication of the thermodynamic variables of the working fluid such as the temperature for example, the value of which will be supplied by a probe 28 situated on the wall of the cavity 5a.
  • the regulation of the level of the thermal power of the hot source 18, according to the needs of the use symbolized at 24, is carried out here by means of the electronic system 25 which modulates, for example, the value of the fuel flow rate by controlling the solenoid valve while adapting the machine to an optimum operating point.
  • the movements of the displacer pistons 7 and motor 15 take place in two separate cavities 5 and 6 communicating with each other by at least one conduit 26 which offers a minimum pressure drop and which connects the cold part 5b of the cavity 5 to the chamber 30 of the cavity 6.
  • the electrical power is delivered by two linear generators whose engine pistons 15a and 15b operate in opposition; it would not go beyond the scope of the invention if the electric power were supplied by a multiple of linear alternators operating in pairs or by a single alternator.
  • the displacement piston 7 is driven, in the case shown, by a linear motor 12, it would not go beyond the scope of the present invention if it were produced by a rotary electric motor located inside cavity 5.
  • the facing faces of the two driving pistons are covered with a damping material 32.
  • this chamber 30 is separated into two symmetrical parts by a partition 31, constituted by a damping material which aims to avoid mechanical contact of the two faces of the power pistons.
  • a partition 31 constituted by a damping material which aims to avoid mechanical contact of the two faces of the power pistons.
  • Each cavity thus formed being connected to the cold part 56 of the cavity 6a by a conduit 26 which also distributes the flow rate in each of said cavities.
  • This arrangement eliminates problems sealing and friction posed by the sliding of the rod 8 of the displacing piston 7 in the central recess of the driving piston 15.
  • the advantage of the single cylinder being that it has no dead volume: the two pistons 7 and 15 can , ultimately, come into contact with each other.
  • a means for guiding the movement of the engine pistons is shown diagrammatically at 33 in FIG. 2.
  • the machine according to the invention is structured in such a way that the constituent elements of the engine and of the electric generators are as far as possible from the hot source 18.
  • the cylinder (s) 6, the circuit 1 with the exchangers are integrated in a sealed enclosure where the working fluid is in the quiescent state, under a pressure of a few tens of bars, 40 for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
EP82401341A 1981-07-21 1982-07-19 Convertisseur d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique à moteur Stirling et générateur électrique intégré Withdrawn EP0070780A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8114185 1981-07-21
FR8114185A FR2510181A1 (fr) 1981-07-21 1981-07-21 Convertisseur d'energie thermique en energie electrique a moteur stirling et generateur electrique integre

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EP0070780A1 true EP0070780A1 (fr) 1983-01-26

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US (1) US4511805A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0070780A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5828577A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2510181A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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EP0156823A4 (en) * 1983-09-02 1987-09-02 Mechanical Tech Inc EXTERNALLY EXCITED RESONANCE-FREE HEAT ENLARGEMENT SYSTEM OF A PISTON STIRLING ENGINE, OPERATING METHOD AND CONTROL.
FR2570559A1 (fr) * 1984-09-20 1986-03-21 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Systeme d'alimentation de courant pour un vehicule automobile
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US4815291A (en) * 1985-04-22 1989-03-28 Stig G. Carlqvist Motor Consultant (C.M.C.) Method and arrangement in heat engines
EP0369990A1 (de) * 1986-04-04 1990-05-23 Iso Wyrsch Dreh-Hubkolben-Maschine
EP0369991A1 (de) * 1986-04-04 1990-05-23 Iso Wyrsch Dreh-Hubkolben-Maschine
DE3709266A1 (de) * 1987-03-20 1988-09-29 Man Technologie Gmbh In heissgasmotor integrierte lineargeneratoren
US4824149A (en) * 1987-03-20 1989-04-25 Man Technologie Gmbh Generator set
EP1043491A1 (fr) * 1999-04-07 2000-10-11 Jean-Pierre Budliger Procédé pour générer et transmettre une énergie mécanique d'un moteur stirling à un organe consommateur d'énergie et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
WO2000061936A1 (fr) * 1999-04-07 2000-10-19 Budliger Jean Pierre Procede et dispositif pour transmettre une energie mecanique entre une machine stirling et un generateur ou un moteur electrique
US6510689B2 (en) 1999-04-07 2003-01-28 Jean-Pierre Budliger Method and device for transmitting mechanical energy between a stirling machine and a generator or an electric motor
WO2008143852A3 (en) * 2007-05-16 2009-02-05 Raytheon Co Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler with dual coil single magnetic circuit motor
US8733112B2 (en) 2007-05-16 2014-05-27 Raytheon Company Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler with dual coil single magnetic circuit motor
CN105422182A (zh) * 2015-12-13 2016-03-23 北京工业大学 一种基于自由活塞膨胀/压缩机-直线电机的增压系统
CN105422182B (zh) * 2015-12-13 2018-06-29 北京工业大学 一种基于自由活塞膨胀/压缩机-直线电机的增压系统
TWI849741B (zh) * 2022-02-24 2024-07-21 日商艾力美客股份有限公司 電能機械能轉換器及電能機械能轉換器系統

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JPS5828577A (ja) 1983-02-19
US4511805A (en) 1985-04-16
FR2510181B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1984-04-27
FR2510181A1 (fr) 1983-01-28

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