EP0069995A2 - Process for preparing a mixture of bee pollen having an improved resorption capacity, and a hyposensibilizing mixture of bee pollen - Google Patents
Process for preparing a mixture of bee pollen having an improved resorption capacity, and a hyposensibilizing mixture of bee pollen Download PDFInfo
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- EP0069995A2 EP0069995A2 EP82106122A EP82106122A EP0069995A2 EP 0069995 A2 EP0069995 A2 EP 0069995A2 EP 82106122 A EP82106122 A EP 82106122A EP 82106122 A EP82106122 A EP 82106122A EP 0069995 A2 EP0069995 A2 EP 0069995A2
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- pollen
- mixture
- paste
- bee pollen
- supernatant
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- 229940038481 bee pollen Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
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- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 1
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046528 grass pollen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 heterocyclic amine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001630 jejunum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000004338 pollen allergy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/35—Allergens
- A61K39/36—Allergens from pollen
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for improving the absorbability of bee pollen serving as medicinal and foodstuffs, and to a bee pollen mixture suitable for hyposensitization.
- the pollen collected by the bees can consist of pollen from 43 to 49 of the most important flower families, contain valuable substances such as proteins, DNA, glucose, carotenoids, folic acid, ascorbic acid as well as as yet unenlightened substances that can significantly accelerate the growth of taller animals.
- the intake of this collected pollen has long been considered a means of increasing mental and physical performance for overused people, convalescents, athletes, but also for children and adolescents in growing age.
- the wall layers of the pollen grain are completely impermeable, so that the acidic gastric juice, like the other digestive organs, can only partially extract ingredients from the pollen grain.
- the exine consists mainly of a lipid (fat), the sporopollenin.
- the intine consists essentially of polyuronic acids or a mixture of polyuronic acids and polysaccharides.
- bee pollen is not only used as a natural product that increases performance, it is also suitable for hyposensitization to pollinosis when taken orally.
- an allergen e.g. Bee pollen, which is absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract for a long time, gets a small part of the allergen into the lymph nodes, which are numerous in the upper intestinal tract, and is processed there.
- an allergen e.g. Bee pollen
- Low-dose hyposensitization
- pollen allergy In those with pollinosis; e.g. allergies to pollen and grass dust, e.g. Hay fever, hay fever, hay asthma, pollen conjunctivis, there is already a pollen allergy. It has been shown that the long-term and low-dose supply of the relevant allergens can cause hyposensitization and thus healing of the pollen disease.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method by which it is possible to improve the resorbability of the bee pollen, so that the use of the valuable substances and allergens contained in the pollen is optimized.
- the invention is intended to provide a bee pollen mixture which, due to its composition and pretreatment, is optimally suitable for hyposensitization to pollinosis.
- the above object is achieved in that the bee pollen mixture is treated auto-fermentatively, fermentatively or enzymatically.
- the "auto-fermentative" treatment of the bee pollen is carried out by treating the bee pollen mixture, preferably in an incubator, without fermentative pathogens or enzymes being added to the pollen mixture.
- the pollen mixture is in aqueous suspension of, for example, 100 to 400 mg pollen / cm 3 H 2 0, preferably 300-350 mg pollen / cm 3 H 2 0, or preferably contains 20 to 25% H 2 O. It is in the incubator 3 Days to 3 weeks, preferably 14 days, kept at about 37 ° C.
- the decanted supernatant is optionally concentrated and the residue obtained is added to the paste obtained above. In this way, a mixture of bee pollen is obtained, which shows a significantly improved absorbability when taken as a medicinal and building material.
- Nectaromyces act as fermentation agents and, after carrying out the process according to the invention, lead to a bee pollen mixture with improved absorbability.
- the “autofermentative” treatment of the bee pollen described above does not damage the antigens contained in them, but does improve the usability of the vital substances contained in the pollen.
- the fermentation process retains the antigenic effect as well as the vitamins, especially vitamin K.
- improved absorbability of bee pollen can be achieved by treating the pollen by fermentation.
- the procedure is analogous to the method described above for the autofermentative treatment, but suitable fermentation agents are added to the pollen mixture which is in an aqueous suspension but contains at least 20 to 25% H 2 O.
- Suitable fermentation pathogens include: lactic acid bacteria and fermentation yeasts, especially Nectaromyces.
- the above-mentioned pretreatment consists, for example, in that a water / honey mixture of approximately 1: 0.2 to 1: 2 is kept at elevated temperature, ie 60-80 ° C., for 5 minutes becomes. It is assumed that the heat treatment denatures fermentation pathogens or ferments that adversely affect the fermentation process, for example by causing the fermentation mass to swell too much.
- the fermentation process can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen.
- the bee pollen is subjected to an enzymatic pretreatment. It is necessary to add an enzyme or enzymes to the bee pollen wipe, which is in aqueous suspension but contains at least 20 to 25% H 2 O, which acts on the substances contained in the wall layers, such as lipids, sporopollenin, polyuronic acids, polysaccharides , Cellulose. Lactate dehydrogenase has been found to be particularly suitable Cellulase, lipase and proteases proven. In addition, good results were obtained with regard to the resorbability of the treated pollen mixture when pectinase and ß-1,3-glucanase were added.
- the addition of these enzymes to the pollen mixture leads to faster pollen tube formation. A swelling of the pollen mixture is observed.
- the enzymes are added in a concentration that is suitable to ensure a sufficient effect on the wall layers of the pollen grains over a period of 1 to 14 days.
- the enzyme concentration will generally be 0.01 mg / ml to 0.5 mg / ml.
- the enzyme-containing pollen mixture For this purpose or suspension is kept at a temperature of preferably 20 to 37 ° C.
- the pH optimum of the activity of the enzyme used must be observed in the fermentative treatment of the bee pollen. For this reason, it may be expedient to add to the bee pollen mixture a buffer solution which is suitable from the pH value and from the nutritional point of view.
- proteases such as chymotropsin or trypsin
- Mixtures to be treated with lipase are advantageously buffered to pH 7-9.
- the pH optimum of the lactate dehydrogenase activity is approximately pH 7.0, so that it is advisable to adjust the pH to pH 6-8, if necessary in the presence of a suitable buffer.
- urea in an amount of 50 to 100 mg / ml to the pollen paste in order to prevent a post-reaction or post-fermentation.
- the addition of urea serves both for preservation and is also a substance that promotes absorption, ie the addition of urea promotes the utilization of antigens in the intestinal tract (duodenum, upper jejunum).
- calcium carbonate can be added in an amount of 20 mg / ml to 50 mg / ml to avoid lump formation.
- a bee pollen mixture which has a defined protein content depending on the flora of a particular area.
- the pollen mixture obtained in the area of Central Europe generally contains at least 43 of the main kinds of flowers, where B ienenpolleh in general only about 8 to 10% of grass pollen included. Grass and rye pollen is preferably added to the bee pollen mixture up to 20%. In this way, a standardized pollen mixture is obtained in terms of composition and content.
- a pollen mixture which contains at least one type of pollen from the grass group, the tree group, the group of meadow flowers and the group of early bloomers as the leading pollen. In this way it is possible to cover a large part of the allergies that occur from March to the end of August.
- any biotope which is the habitat of people, animals and plants, contains a large number of indigenous flower, grass, tree and grain pollen. Since any of the pollen occurring in this room can lead to allergies in humans in a certain biotope, it is necessary for the pollen mixture to be used here for hyposensitization of current pollinoses Pollen of the most important flower types shows, that for a hyposensitization in the area of Central Europe the allergen sufferer has to be offered a pollen mixture which usually contains 43 to 49 of the most important flower types.
- pollen mixtures which are collected in areas with monocultures, only have about 20 different traditional costumes.
- Such a bee pollen mixture with this small number of costumes would be suitable for hyposensitization of the allergies occurring in this biotope after appropriate pretreatment, but it could only be used with a lower probability of success for hyposensitization of pollinoses that occur in an area with a larger number of native plant families.
- a pollen mixture which has a spectrum of the pollen usually collected by bees in the corresponding biotope and also comes from the biotope in which the corresponding pollinoses also originate.
- a bee pollen mixture After cooling, they are added to 100 parts by weight of a bee pollen mixture.
- the mass obtained is kept in the incubator at a temperature of 35-36 ° C for 5 to 12 days. It is advantageous to measure the mass e.g. to complain with a wooden board. One observes the mass, which expands more and more in the course of the fermentation process. This expansion of the pollen mass comes to a standstill after the fermentation process has ended. As soon as the pollen mass is no longer to be observed, it is removed from the incubator and kept airtight at room temperature or in the refrigerator. The pollen mixture obtained has a long shelf life.
- the fermentatively treated pollen mixture has a significantly improved resorbability through the gastrointestinal tract compared to an untreated one.
- the moist pollen mass is suspended and homogenized with a vegetable oil that has a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
- the mixture is left to stand in the incubator at 30 ° C for 2 days. An expansion of the pollen mass freed from the aqueous supernatant is also observed here. The residue is lyophilized and added to the pollen mass.
- the pollen mixture treated in this way is characterized by significantly improved resorbability in the gastrointestinal tract.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Resorbierbarkeit von als Heil- und Nahrungsmittel dienenden Bienenpollen sowie ein zur Hyposensibilisierung geeignetes Bienenpollengemisch.The invention relates to a method for improving the absorbability of bee pollen serving as medicinal and foodstuffs, and to a bee pollen mixture suitable for hyposensitization.
Die von den Bienen gesammelten Pollen, die z.B. im mitteleuropäischen Raum aus Pollen von 43 bis 49 der wichtigsten Blütenfamilien bestehen können, enthalten wertvolle Substanzen, wie Eiweissstoffe, DNS, Traubenzucker, Carotinoide, Folsäure, Ascorbinsäure sowie noch nicht aufgeklärte Substanzen, die das Wachstum höherer Tiere merklich beschleunigen können. Die Einnahme dieser gesammelten Pollen gilt seit langem für überbeanspruchte Menschen, Genesende, Sportler, aber auch für Kinder und Jugendliche im Wachstumsalter als ein Mittel zur Steigerung der geistigen und körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit.The pollen collected by the bees, e.g. in Central Europe can consist of pollen from 43 to 49 of the most important flower families, contain valuable substances such as proteins, DNA, glucose, carotenoids, folic acid, ascorbic acid as well as as yet unenlightened substances that can significantly accelerate the growth of taller animals. The intake of this collected pollen has long been considered a means of increasing mental and physical performance for overused people, convalescents, athletes, but also for children and adolescents in growing age.
Die Wandschichten des Pollenkornes (Blütenstaub- oder Samenkorn) sind jedoch völlig undurchlässig, so dass auch der saure Magensaft, wie ebenso die übrigen Verdauungsorgane, nur bedingt dem Pollenkorn Inhaltsstoffe entnehmen können.However, the wall layers of the pollen grain (pollen or seed) are completely impermeable, so that the acidic gastric juice, like the other digestive organs, can only partially extract ingredients from the pollen grain.
Gewöhnlich lassen sich in der Wandschicht des Pollenkornes zwei Schichten unterscheiden, die Exine oder äussere Wandschicht und die Intine, die innere Wandschicht. Bei der Exine unterscheidet man weiter eine skulpturierte Ektezine .oder Sexine, und eine nicht skulpturierte Endexine oder Nexine. Mitunter scheint noch eine dritte Schicht, die Medine, dazwischenzuliegen.Usually two layers can be distinguished in the wall layer of the pollen grain, the exine or outer wall layer and the intine, the inner wall layer. With the exine, a distinction is further made between a sculpted ectecine, or sexine, and a non-sculptured endexine or nexine. Sometimes a third layer, the Medine, seems to be in between.
Die Exine besteht hauptsächlich-aus einem Lipid (Fett), dem Sporopollenin. Die Intine besteht im wesentlichen aus Polyuronsäuren oder aus einem Gemisch von Polyuronsäuren und Polysacchariden.The exine consists mainly of a lipid (fat), the sporopollenin. The intine consists essentially of polyuronic acids or a mixture of polyuronic acids and polysaccharides.
Aufgrund der harten Schale der Pollenkörner ist es verständlich, dass der saure Magensaft sowie die übrigen Verdauungsorgane den Pollenkörnern nur wenig anhaben können und daher die Nutzung der in ihnen enthaltenen wertvollen Substanzen nur minimal ist. Ausserdem kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Resorption von Pollenteilen (etwa in der Grössenordnung von ca. 20 Um) in der Regel ca. 0,1 % beträgt. Dabei ist es noch von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass die Pollenteile eine elektrische Ladung aufweisen, die deren Resorption erst gewährleistet.Due to the hard shell of the pollen grains, it is understandable that the acidic gastric juice and the other digestive organs can do little to the pollen grains and therefore the use of the valuable substances contained in them is minimal. In addition, it can be assumed that the absorption of pollen parts (approximately in the order of magnitude of approx. 20 µm) is generally approx. 0.1%. It is of crucial importance that the pollen parts have an electrical charge that only ensures their absorption.
Durch die häufig vorgenommene Trocknung der gesammelten Pollenkörner, die ursprünglich über einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von ca. 15 % verfügen, erfährt die Pollenschale eine weitere, Härtung und erweist sich gegenüber Verdauungssäften noch resistenter.Due to the frequent drying of the collected pollen grains, which originally have a moisture content of approx. 15%, the pollen shell undergoes further hardening and is even more resistant to digestive juices.
Bienenpollen dienen jedoch nicht nur zur Einnahme als leistungssteigerndes Naturprodukt, sie sind auch bei oraler Einnahme geeignet, eine Hyposensibilisierung gegen Pollinosen zu bewirken. Wenn ein Allergen, z.B. Blütenpollen, über längere Zeit über den Magen/Darmtrakt aufgenommen wird, gelangt ein geringer Teil des Allergens in die im oberen Darmtrakt zahlreich vertretenen Lymphknoten und wird dort verarbeitet. Man spricht von der sogenannten "low-dose"-Hyposensibilisierung. Es handelt sich um das modifizierte Sulzberger-Chase-Prinzip, wonach es unmöglich ist, ein Individuum zu allergisieren, wenn das entsprechende Allergen gleichzeitig oder vorausgehend über den Magen/ Darmtrakt zugeführt wird.However, bee pollen is not only used as a natural product that increases performance, it is also suitable for hyposensitization to pollinosis when taken orally. If an allergen, e.g. Bee pollen, which is absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract for a long time, gets a small part of the allergen into the lymph nodes, which are numerous in the upper intestinal tract, and is processed there. One speaks of the so-called "low-dose" hyposensitization. It is the modified Sulzberger-Chase principle, according to which it is impossible to allergize an individual if the corresponding allergen is supplied simultaneously or beforehand via the gastrointestinal tract.
Bei Pollinose-Kranken; die z.B. an Allergien gegen Blüten-und Gräserstaub, z.B. Heuschnupfen, Heufieber, Heuasthma, Pollen-Konjunctivis leiden, liegt eine Pollenallergie bereits vor. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch die lang dauernde und niedrig dosierte Zufuhr der entsprechenden Allergene eine Hyposensibilisierung und damit Heilung der Pollenkrankheit erreicht werden kann.In those with pollinosis; e.g. allergies to pollen and grass dust, e.g. Hay fever, hay fever, hay asthma, pollen conjunctivis, there is already a pollen allergy. It has been shown that the long-term and low-dose supply of the relevant allergens can cause hyposensitization and thus healing of the pollen disease.
Bei der Verwendung von Bienenpollen zur Hyposensibilisierung von Pollinosen ist es ebenfalls erforderlich, dass die Schale der Pollen im Magen/Darmtrakt soweit aufgeschlossen ist, dass eine Verwertung der Allergene möglich ist. Ausserdem ist es hier von Bedeutung, dass dem Patienten zur Hyposensibilisierung ein Pollengemisch zur Verfügung steht, welches mit grösster Wahrscheinlichkeit die Allergene sämtlicher in einem bestimmten Biotop auftretenden Blütenfamilien enthält, und damit mit grosser Sicherheit auch das zur Heilung der Pollinose erforderliche Antigen zur Verfügung stellt.When using bee pollen for the hyposensitization of pollinoses it is also necessary that the shell of the pollen in the gastrointestinal tract is open enough to allow the allergens to be used. It is also important here that the patient is provided with a pollen mixture for hyposensitization which most likely contains the allergens of all flower families occurring in a certain biotope, and thus with great certainty also provides the antigen required to cure pollinosis.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es von Interesse, dass z.B. die im mitteleuropäischen Raum gesammelten Blütenpollen etwa 43 bis 49 Trachten aufweisen. Im Gegensatz dazu findet man in Ländern mit Grossanbauflächen und klimatisch bevorzugten Gebieten aufgrund der vorherrschenden Monokulturen in den Blütenpollen nur ca. 20 verschiedene Trachten.In this context it is of interest that e.g. the bee pollen collected in Central Europe has around 43 to 49 traditional costumes. In contrast, in countries with large areas of cultivation and climatically preferred areas, due to the prevailing monocultures in the pollen, there are only about 20 different traditional costumes.
Es sind bereits verschiedene Methoden bekannt, um die Inhaltsstoffe von Pollen für die Desensibilisierung von Allergien nutzbar zu machen. Dabei handelt es sich ausschliesslich um Extraktionsverfahren, wobei mit Wasser und/bzw. fettlöslichen Solventien die Pollen extrahiert werden. So beschreibt z.B. die DE-AS 11 40 671 die Extraktion von Pollen mit einem wässrigen und einem schwachbasischen tertiären heterocyclischen Amin für die subkutane Injektion zur prophylaktischen und therapeutischen Behandlung von Allergien. Da die vorzugsweise parenteral injizierbaren Allergenpräparate das Risiko von anaphylaktischen Reaktionen tragen, wurden verschiedene Verfahren entwickelt, um die Reaktion des Allergens abzuschwächen. Diese Verfahren sehen z.B. eine Vernetzung mit Cyanat, eine oxidativen Behandlung, oder einer Behandlung mit Aldehyd vor. Diese Verfahren werden z.B. in der DE-AS 20 30 223, in der DE-OS 29 32 604 und DE-OS 29 39 557 beschrieben.Various methods are already known to make the ingredients of pollen usable for the desensitization of allergies. These are exclusively extraction processes, with water and / or. fat-soluble solvents the pollen is extracted. For example, DE-AS 11 40 671 the extraction of pollen with an aqueous and a weakly basic tertiary heterocyclic amine for subcutaneous injection for the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of allergies. Since the preferably parenterally injectable allergen preparations carry the risk of anaphylactic reactions, various methods have been developed to weaken the reaction of the allergen. These methods see e.g. crosslinking with cyanate, oxidative treatment, or treatment with aldehyde. These methods are e.g. described in DE-AS 20 30 223, in DE-OS 29 32 604 and DE-OS 29 39 557.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem es möglich ist, die Resorbierbarkeit der Bienenpollen zu verbessern, so dass die Nutzung der in den Pollen enthaltenen wertvollen Substanzen sowie Allergene optimiert wird. Ausserdem soll durch die Erfindung ein Bienenpollengemisch zur Verfügung gestellt werden, welches aufgrund seiner Zusammensetzung wowie Vorbehandlung zur Hyposensibilisierung gegen Pollinosen in optimaler Weise geeignet ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a method by which it is possible to improve the resorbability of the bee pollen, so that the use of the valuable substances and allergens contained in the pollen is optimized. In addition, the invention is intended to provide a bee pollen mixture which, due to its composition and pretreatment, is optimally suitable for hyposensitization to pollinosis.
Die vorstehende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass das Bienenpollengemisch autofermentativ, fermentativ oder enzymatisch behandelt wird.The above object is achieved in that the bee pollen mixture is treated auto-fermentatively, fermentatively or enzymatically.
Die "autofermentative" Behandlung der Bienenpollen erfolgt durch Behandlung des Bienenpollengemisches vorzugsweise in einem Brutschrank, ohne dass fermentative Erreger oder Enzyme zu dem Pollengemisch zugegeben werden.The "auto-fermentative" treatment of the bee pollen is carried out by treating the bee pollen mixture, preferably in an incubator, without fermentative pathogens or enzymes being added to the pollen mixture.
Das Pollengemisch befindet sich in wässriger Suspension von z.B. 100 bis 400 mg Pollen/cm3 H20, vorzugsweise 300 - 350 mg Pollen/cm3 H20, oder enthält vorzugsweise 20 bis 25 % H2O. Es wird im Brutschrank 3 Tage bis 3 Wochen, vorzugsweise 14 Tage, auf ca. 37°C gehalten.The pollen mixture is in aqueous suspension of, for example, 100 to 400 mg pollen / cm 3 H 2 0, preferably 300-350 mg pollen / cm 3 H 2 0, or preferably contains 20 to 25% H 2 O. It is in the incubator 3 Days to 3 weeks, preferably 14 days, kept at about 37 ° C.
Sobald der pH-Wert des ursprünglich nahezu neutralen Pollengemisches 4,0 bis 4,4 beträgt, wird die Behandlung abgebrochen; bei diesem pH-Wert kommt der Gärungsprozess zum Stillstand. Die Pollen werden - sofern sie vorher mit einer grösseren Wassermenge vermischt wurden - durch Sedimentation oder Absetzenlassen und anschliessendes Abdekantieren des überstandes vom wässrigen Medium weitgehend abgetrennt, wobei eine leicht bröckelige Paste mit einer Restfeuchtigkeit von 10 bis 20 %, vorzugsweise 12 bis 15 %, erhalten wird.As soon as the pH of the originally almost neutral pollen mixture is 4.0 to 4.4, the treatment is stopped; at this pH the fermentation process comes to a standstill. The pollen is largely separated from the aqueous medium by sedimentation or settling and subsequent decanting of the supernatant, provided that it has previously been mixed with a larger amount of water, giving a slightly crumbly paste with a residual moisture content of 10 to 20%, preferably 12 to 15% becomes.
Der abdekantierte Überstand wird gegebenenfalls eingeengt und der dabei erhaltene Rückstand der vorstehend erhaltenen Paste zugegeben. Auf diese Weise wird ein Gemisch aus Bienenpollen erhalten, das eine wesentlich verbesserte Resorbierbarkeit bei derEinnahme als Heil- und Aufbaustoff zeigt.The decanted supernatant is optionally concentrated and the residue obtained is added to the paste obtained above. In this way, a mixture of bee pollen is obtained, which shows a significantly improved absorbability when taken as a medicinal and building material.
Wenn den Pollen vor dem Gärungsprozess nur ca. 20 % Wasser zugegeben worden waren, ist ein Sedimentieren oder Absetzenlassen nicht erforderlich, da die erhaltene Masse ohnehin pastöser Natur ist.If only about 20% water had been added to the pollen before the fermentation process, sedimentation or settling is not necessary since the mass obtained is pasty in any case.
Es wird angenommen, dass die autofermentative Gärung durch solche Gärungserreger oder Fermente bewirkt wird, welche den von der Biene gesammelten Pollen anhaften. So kann z.B. Nectaromyces als Gärungserreger wirken und nach Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zu einem Bienenpollengemisch mit verbesserter Resorbierbarkeit führen.It is believed that autofermentative fermentation is caused by those fermentation pathogens or enzymes that adhere to the pollen collected by the bee. For example, Nectaromyces act as fermentation agents and, after carrying out the process according to the invention, lead to a bee pollen mixture with improved absorbability.
Durch die vorstehend beschriebene "autofermentative" Behandlung der Bienenpollen werden die in diesen enthaltenen Antigene nicht geschädigt, wohl aber die Verwertbarkeit der in den Pollen enthaltenen Vitalstoffe verbessert. Insbesondere bleiben bei dem Gärungsprozess die antigene Wirkung sowie auch die Vitamine, besonders Vitamin K, erhalten.The "autofermentative" treatment of the bee pollen described above does not damage the antigens contained in them, but does improve the usability of the vital substances contained in the pollen. In particular, the fermentation process retains the antigenic effect as well as the vitamins, especially vitamin K.
Eine bessere Resorbierbarkeit des Pollengemisches im Magen/ Darmtrakt kann auch erzielt werden durch Behandlung im sauren Milieu. Es konnte beobachtet werden, dass die Pollen in Gegenwart einer anorganischen bzw. organischen Säure im Bereich der Keimpore stark anschwellen. Dieses Anschwellen setzt bereits innerhalb weniger Minuten in Gegenwart von Säure ein. Während die äussere Struktur der Porenwandung beibehalten wird, bedingt das starke Anschwellen der Pollen im Bereich der Keimpore eine leichtere Zugängigkeit zum Zellinhalt.Better absorption of the pollen mixture in the gastrointestinal tract can also be achieved by treatment in an acidic environment. It could be observed that the pollen swells strongly in the presence of an inorganic or organic acid in the area of the germ impore. This swelling starts within a few minutes in the presence of acid. While the outer structure of the pore wall is maintained, the strong swelling due to the pollen in the field of Keimpore a lighter Zugängi g ness to the cell contents.
Zur Behandlung im sauren Milieu verwendet man bevorzugt Phosphorsäure und Essigsäure. Insbesondere ist es geeignet, diese Säuren zusammen mit einem Salz derselben einzusetzen und dadurch ein gepuffertes Milieu im pH-Bereich von 3,0 bis 5,0, bevorzugt ca. 4,0, zu schaffen. Die Behandlung wird in Abhängigkeit vom pH-Wert 6 h bis 3 Tage bei 30 bis 37°C durchgeführt. Im weiteren ist auch der Einsatz von Schwefelsäure geeignet.For treatment in an acidic environment, preference is given to using phosphoric acid and acetic acid. It is particularly suitable to use these acids together with a salt thereof and thereby to create a buffered medium in the pH range from 3.0 to 5.0, preferably approximately 4.0. The treatment is carried out at 30 to 37 ° C for 6 h to 3 days, depending on the pH. The use of sulfuric acid is also suitable.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch das starke Anschwellen des Pollengemisches, dieses im Magen/Darmtrakt leichter zugängig ist und eine bessere Resorption erfährt.It has been shown that due to the strong swelling of the pollen mixture, it is more easily accessible in the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes better absorption.
Nach einer weiteren Modifikation des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens kann eine verbesserte Resorbierbarkeit von Bienenpollen dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Pollen fermentativ behandelt werden. Zu diesem Zweck arbeitet man analog dem vorstehend für die autofermentative Behandlung beschriebenen Verfahren, wobei jedoch dem Pollengemisch das sich in einer wässrigen Suspension befindet, mindestens jedoch 20 bis 25 % H20 enthält, geeignete Gärungserreger zugegeben werden.After a further modification of the method according to the invention, improved absorbability of bee pollen can be achieved by treating the pollen by fermentation. For this purpose, the procedure is analogous to the method described above for the autofermentative treatment, but suitable fermentation agents are added to the pollen mixture which is in an aqueous suspension but contains at least 20 to 25% H 2 O.
Unter den geeigneten Gärungserregern sind insbesondere zu nennen: Milchsäurebakterien und Gärhefen, insbesondere Nectaromyces.Suitable fermentation pathogens include: lactic acid bacteria and fermentation yeasts, especially Nectaromyces.
Dabei hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, eine vorbehandelte wässrige Lösung von hefereichem Honig, wie z.B. Löwenzahnhonig, mit dem Pollengemisch innig zu vermischen und dem erfindungsgemässen Gärverfahren zu unterziehen.It has proven particularly advantageous to use a pretreated aqueous solution of yeast-rich honey, e.g. Dandelion honey, to mix intimately with the pollen mixture and to undergo the fermentation process according to the invention.
Die vorstehend erwähnte Vorbehandlung besteht z.B. darin, dass ein Wasser/Honig-Gemisch von ca. 1 : 0,2 bis 1 : 2 auf erhöhter Temperatur, d.h. 60 - 80°C, 5 Minuten lang gehalten wird. Es wird angenommen, dass durch die Wärmebehandlung solche Gärungserreger bzw. Fermente denaturiert werden, die den Gärungsprozess nachteilig beeinflussen, z.B. indem sie die Gärmasse zu stark aufblähen lassen würden.The above-mentioned pretreatment consists, for example, in that a water / honey mixture of approximately 1: 0.2 to 1: 2 is kept at elevated temperature, ie 60-80 ° C., for 5 minutes becomes. It is assumed that the heat treatment denatures fermentation pathogens or ferments that adversely affect the fermentation process, for example by causing the fermentation mass to swell too much.
DerGärvorgang kann in Anwesenheit oder Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff ablaufen.The fermentation process can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen.
Je nach dem verwendeten Gärungserreger werden die Bienenpollen einer Milchsäuregärung oder einer Hefegärung unterzogen. J e to the used ferment the bee pollen a lactic acid fermentation or an yeast fermentation are subjected.
Bei Verwendung eines Pollengemisches mit einem verhältnismässig geringen Wasserzusatz (ca. 20 - 30 %) wird das Wasser durch Aufquellen der Pollen absorbiert. Es erübrigt sich damit ein Abtrennen von Flüssigkeit.When using a pollen mixture with a relatively small amount of water (approx. 20 - 30%), the water is absorbed by the pollen swelling. This eliminates the need to separate liquids.
Zur schnelleren Ingangsetzung der Gärung ist es aber auch vorteilhaft, von der alten Maische auf die neue überzuimpfen.To start fermentation faster, it is also advantageous to inoculate from the old mash to the new one.
Gemäss einer weiteren Modifizierung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens werden die Bienenpollen einer enzymatischen Vorbehandlung unterzogen. Dabei ist es erforderlich, dem Bienenpollengewisch, welches sich in wässriger Suspension befindet, mindestens jedoch 20 bis 25 % H20 enthält, ein Enzym bzw. Enzyme zugegeben, welche auf die in den Wandschichten enthaltenen Substanzen, wie Lipide, Sporopollenin, Polyuronsäuren, Polysaccharide, Cellulose, einzuwirken vermögen. Als besonders geeignete Enzvme haben sich dabei Lactatdehydrogenase Cellulase, Lipase und Proteasen erwiesen. Ausserdem konnten gute Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf die Resorbierbarkeit des behandelten Pollengemisches bei Zugabe von Pectinase und ß-1,3-Glucanase erhalten werden. Die Zugabe dieser Enzyme zum Pollengemisch führt zu einer schnelleren Pollenschlauchbildung. Es wird eine Schwellung des Pollengemisches beobachtet. Dabei werden die Enzyme in einer Konzentration zugegeben, die geeignet ist, um über einen Zeitraum von 1 bis 14 Tagen eine ausreichende Einwirkung auf die Wandschichten der Pollenkörner zu gewährleisten. Die Enzymkonzentration wird im allgemeinen 0,01 mg/ml bis 0,5 mg/ml betragen. Das enzymhaltige Pollengemisch bzw. Suspension wird dazu auf einer Temperatur von vorzugsweise 20 bis 37°C gehalten.According to a further modification of the method according to the invention, the bee pollen is subjected to an enzymatic pretreatment. It is necessary to add an enzyme or enzymes to the bee pollen wipe, which is in aqueous suspension but contains at least 20 to 25% H 2 O, which acts on the substances contained in the wall layers, such as lipids, sporopollenin, polyuronic acids, polysaccharides , Cellulose. Lactate dehydrogenase has been found to be particularly suitable Cellulase, lipase and proteases proven. In addition, good results were obtained with regard to the resorbability of the treated pollen mixture when pectinase and ß-1,3-glucanase were added. The addition of these enzymes to the pollen mixture leads to faster pollen tube formation. A swelling of the pollen mixture is observed. The enzymes are added in a concentration that is suitable to ensure a sufficient effect on the wall layers of the pollen grains over a period of 1 to 14 days. The enzyme concentration will generally be 0.01 mg / ml to 0.5 mg / ml. The enzyme-containing pollen mixture For this purpose or suspension is kept at a temperature of preferably 20 to 37 ° C.
Ausserdem ist bei der fermentativen Behandlung der Bienenpollen das pH-Optimum der Aktivität des eingesetzten Enzyms zu beachten. Aus diesem Grunde kann es zweckmässig sein, dem Bienenpollengemisch eine vom pH-Wert sowie vom ernährungsphysiologischen Standpunkt geeignete Pufferlösung zuzugeben.In addition, the pH optimum of the activity of the enzyme used must be observed in the fermentative treatment of the bee pollen. For this reason, it may be expedient to add to the bee pollen mixture a buffer solution which is suitable from the pH value and from the nutritional point of view.
Bei Verwendung vonProteasen, wie Chymotropsin oder Trypsin, ist es z.B. vorteilhaft, das enzymatisch zu behandelnde Gemisch auf pH 7 - 8 zu puffern. Mit Lipase zu behandelnde Gemische werden vorteilhaft auf pH 7 - 9 gepuffert. Das pH-Optimum der Lactatdehydrogenaseaktivität liegt bei ca. pH 7,0, so dass sich hier eine Einstellung des pH-Wertes, gegebenenfalls in Anwesenheit eines geeigneten Puffers, auf ph 6 - 8, empfiehlt.When using proteases such as chymotropsin or trypsin, it is e.g. advantageous to buffer the mixture to be treated enzymatically to pH 7-8. Mixtures to be treated with lipase are advantageously buffered to pH 7-9. The pH optimum of the lactate dehydrogenase activity is approximately pH 7.0, so that it is advisable to adjust the pH to pH 6-8, if necessary in the presence of a suitable buffer.
Bei Zugabe geringer H20- oder Puffermengen werden diese bei der enzymatischen Behandlung von den Pollen absorbiert. Es erübrigt sich ein Abtrennen von Flüssigkeit.When small amounts of H 2 O or buffer are added, these are absorbed by the pollen during the enzymatic treatment. There is no need to separate liquid.
Um zu vermeiden, dass nach Abschluss des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens die Paste der vorbehandelten Bienenpollen eine Nachreaktion bzw. Nachgärung erfährt, wird diese in einem pflanzlichen öl, welches einen höheren Anteil ungesättigter Fettsäuren aufweist, resuspendiert und homogenisiert. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich hierzu z.B. Sojaöl erwiesen.In order to prevent the paste of the pretreated bee pollen from undergoing a post-reaction or post-fermentation after the process according to the invention has been completed, it is resuspended and homogenized in a vegetable oil which has a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. It has been found to be particularly advantageous for this Proven soybean oil.
Anstelle der vorstehenden Massnahme bzw. in Kombination mit derselben ist es auch möglich, der Pollenpaste zur Verhinderung einer Nachreaktion bzw. Nachgärung Harnstoff in einer Menge von 50 bis 100 mg/ml zuzugeben. Die Harnstoffzugabe dient sowohl der Konservierung und stellt ausserdem eine die Resorption fördernde Substanz dar, d.h. die Zugabe von Harnstoff fördert die Utilisierung der Antigene im Darmtrakt (Duodenum, oberes Jejunum).Instead of the above measure or in combination with the same, it is also possible to add urea in an amount of 50 to 100 mg / ml to the pollen paste in order to prevent a post-reaction or post-fermentation. The addition of urea serves both for preservation and is also a substance that promotes absorption, ie the addition of urea promotes the utilization of antigens in the intestinal tract (duodenum, upper jejunum).
Sofern die Paste in Gelatinekapseln abgefüllt werden soll, kann dieser zur Vermeidung von Klumpenbildung Calciumcarbonat in einer Menge von 20 mg/ml bis 50 mg/ml zugegeben werden.If the paste is to be filled into gelatin capsules, calcium carbonate can be added in an amount of 20 mg / ml to 50 mg / ml to avoid lump formation.
Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens zur Verbesserung derResorbierbarkeit wird ein Bienenpollengemisch erhalten, welches in Abhängigkeit von der Flora eines bestimmten Landstriches einen definierten Proteingehalt aufweist.With the aid of the process according to the invention for improving the resorbability, a bee pollen mixture is obtained which has a defined protein content depending on the flora of a particular area.
Das im Raum Mitteleuropa erhaltene Pollengemisch enthält in der Regel mindestens 43 der wichtigsten Blütenarten, wobei Bienenpolleh im allgemeinen nur ca. 8 bis 10 % Gräserpollen enthalten. Dem Bienenpollengemisch gibt man vorzugsweise Gräser- und Roggenpollen bis auf 20 % zu. Man erhält auf diese Weise in bezug auf Zusammensetzung und Gehalt ein standardisiertes Pollengemisch.The pollen mixture obtained in the area of Central Europe generally contains at least 43 of the main kinds of flowers, where B ienenpolleh in general only about 8 to 10% of grass pollen included. Grass and rye pollen is preferably added to the bee pollen mixture up to 20%. In this way, a standardized pollen mixture is obtained in terms of composition and content.
Für die Hyposensibilisierung gegen Pollinosen verwendet man bevorzugt ein Pollengemisch, das als Leitpollen zumindest jeweils eine Pollenart aus der Gräsergruppe, der Bäumegruppe, der Gruppe der Wiesenblumen und der Gruppe der Frühblüher enthält. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, einen Grossteil der in der Zeit von März bis Ende August auftretenden Allergien zu überdecken.For the hyposensitization against pollinoses it is preferred to use a pollen mixture which contains at least one type of pollen from the grass group, the tree group, the group of meadow flowers and the group of early bloomers as the leading pollen. In this way it is possible to cover a large part of the allergies that occur from March to the end of August.
Wie bereits vorstehend ausgeführt, enthält ein beliebiges Biotop, das ist der Lebensraum von Menschen, Tieren und Pflanzen, eine Vielzahl heimischer Blüten-, Gräser-, Bäume- und Getreidepollen. Da in einem bestimmten Biotop beliebige der in diesem Raum auftretenden Pollen beim Menschen zu Allergien führen können, ist es zur Hyposensibilisierung gcgen Pollinosen erforderlich, dass das hier zu verwendende Pollengemisch Pollen der wichtigsten Blütenarten aufweist, d.h. dass für eine Hyposensibilisierung im Raum Mitteleuropa dem Allergen-Kranken ein Pollengemisch angeboten werden muss, welches in der Regel 43 bis 49 der wichtigsten Blütenarten enthält.As already mentioned above, any biotope, which is the habitat of people, animals and plants, contains a large number of indigenous flower, grass, tree and grain pollen. Since any of the pollen occurring in this room can lead to allergies in humans in a certain biotope, it is necessary for the pollen mixture to be used here for hyposensitization of current pollinoses Pollen of the most important flower types shows, that for a hyposensitization in the area of Central Europe the allergen sufferer has to be offered a pollen mixture which usually contains 43 to 49 of the most important flower types.
Im Gegensatz dazu weisen Pollengemische, welche in Gegenden mit Monokulturen gesammelt werden, nur ca. 20 verschiedene Trachten auf. Ein derartiges Bienenpollengemisch mit dieser geringen Anzahl von Trachten wäre nach entsprechender Vorbehandlung zwar zur Hyposensibilisierung der in diesem Biotop auftretenden Allergien geeignet, es könnte jedoch nur mit geringerer Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit zur Hyposensibilisierung von Pollinosen verwendet werden, die in einem Gebiet mit einer grösseren Anzahl heimischer Pflanzenfamilien auftreten.In contrast, pollen mixtures, which are collected in areas with monocultures, only have about 20 different traditional costumes. Such a bee pollen mixture with this small number of costumes would be suitable for hyposensitization of the allergies occurring in this biotope after appropriate pretreatment, but it could only be used with a lower probability of success for hyposensitization of pollinoses that occur in an area with a larger number of native plant families.
Zur Hyposensibilisierung von Pollinosen ist es deshalb erfindungsgemäss vorgesehen, ein Pollengemisch einzusetzen, welches ein Spektrum der in dem entsprechenden Biotop von Bienen üblicherweise gesammelten Pollen aufweist und ausserdem dem Biotop entstammt, in dem auch die entsprechenden Pollinosen ihren Ursprung haben.For the hyposensitization of pollinoses, it is therefore provided according to the invention to use a pollen mixture which has a spectrum of the pollen usually collected by bees in the corresponding biotope and also comes from the biotope in which the corresponding pollinoses also originate.
Die erfindungsgemäss vorbehandelten Bienenpollen weisen folgende Vorteile auf:
- a) Sie sind im allgemeinen gut verträglich.
- b) Die Wirksamkeit der in den Pollen enthaltenen Vitalstoffe ist verstärkt.
- c) Die Einnahme erfindungsgemäss vorbehandelter Pollen regt die Darmtätigkeit an.
- d) Erfindungsgemäss vorbehandelte Pollen steigern in besonderem Masse die geistige und körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit.
- a) They are generally well tolerated.
- b) The effectiveness of the vital substances contained in the pollen is increased.
- c) The intake of pollen pretreated according to the invention stimulates intestinal activity.
- d) Pollen pretreated according to the invention particularly increases mental and physical performance.
Behandlung eines Bienenpollengemisches durch Zugabe von GärungserregernTreatment of a bee pollen mixture by adding fermentation agents
15 Gewichtsteile Löwenzahn-Honig werden mit 25 Gewichtsteilen Wasser vermischt. Die erhaltene Lösung wird 5 bis 10 Minuten lang auf eine Temperatur von 65 bis 70°C erwärmt.15 parts by weight of dandelion honey are mixed with 25 parts by weight of water. The solution obtained is heated to a temperature of 65 to 70 ° C for 5 to 10 minutes.
Nach dem Abkühlen gibt man diese zu 100 Gewichtsteilen eines Bienenpollengemisches. Die dabei erhaltene Masse hält man 5 bis 12 Tage lang im Brutschrank auf einer Temperatur von 35 - 36°C. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, die Masse z.B. mit einem Holzbrett zu beschweren. Man beobachtet die Masse, welche sich im Verlauf des Gärprozesses immer mehr ausdehnt. Diese Ausdehnung der Pollenmasse kommt nach Beendigung des Gärprozesses zum Stillstand. Sobald keine Ausdehnung der Pollenmasse mehr zu beobachten ist, entnimmt man dieselbe dem Brutschrank und bewahrt sie bei Raumtemperatur oder im Kühlschrank luftdicht auf. Das erhaltene Pollengemisch ist über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg gut haltbar.After cooling, they are added to 100 parts by weight of a bee pollen mixture. The mass obtained is kept in the incubator at a temperature of 35-36 ° C for 5 to 12 days. It is advantageous to measure the mass e.g. to complain with a wooden board. One observes the mass, which expands more and more in the course of the fermentation process. This expansion of the pollen mass comes to a standstill after the fermentation process has ended. As soon as the pollen mass is no longer to be observed, it is removed from the incubator and kept airtight at room temperature or in the refrigerator. The pollen mixture obtained has a long shelf life.
Das fermentativ behandelte Pollengemisch weist gegenüber einem unbehandelten eine wesentlich verbesserte Resorbierbarkeit durch den Magen/Darm-Trakt auf.The fermentatively treated pollen mixture has a significantly improved resorbability through the gastrointestinal tract compared to an untreated one.
Behandlung eines Pollengemisches im sauren MilieuTreatment of a pollen mixture in an acidic environment
Zu 100 Gewichtsteilen eines Bienenpollengemisches gibt man 50 Gewichtsteile einer 0,15 molaren Lösung aus Phosphorsäure und Natriumphosphat mit einem pH-Wert von 3,5. Man rührt das Gemisch gründlich und lässt dieses 24 h im Brutschrank auf einer Temperatur von 30°C. Es wird ein Anschwellen der Pollenmasse beobachtet.50 parts by weight of a 0.15 molar solution of phosphoric acid and sodium phosphate with a pH of 3.5 are added to 100 parts by weight of a bee pollen mixture. The mixture is stirred thoroughly and left in the incubator at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 24 h. A swelling of the pollen mass is observed.
Nach der Behandlung wird die feuchte Pollenmasse mit einem pflanzlichen Öl, welches einen höheren Anteil ungesättigter Fettsäuren aufweist, suspendiert und homogenisiert.After the treatment, the moist pollen mass is suspended and homogenized with a vegetable oil that has a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
Zu 100 Gewichtsteilen eines Bienenpollengemisches gibt man 300 Gewichtsteile 0,15 m Phosphatpuffer, pH 7,0, welcher die Enzyme Pectinase (0,5 mg/ml), Cellulase (0,5 mg/ml) und ß-1,3-Glucanase (0,5 mg/ml/ enthält.300 parts by weight of 0.15 m phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, which contains the enzymes pectinase (0.5 mg / ml), cellulase (0.5 mg / ml) and β-1,3-glucanase, are added to 100 parts by weight of a bee pollen mixture (0.5 mg / ml / contains.
Man lässt das Gemisch 2 Tage lang bei 30°C im Brutschrank stehen. Es wird hier ebenfalls eine Ausdehnung der vom wässrigen Überstand befreiten Pollenmasse beobachtet. Der Rückstand wird lyophilisiert und zur Pollenmasse gegeben.The mixture is left to stand in the incubator at 30 ° C for 2 days. An expansion of the pollen mass freed from the aqueous supernatant is also observed here. The residue is lyophilized and added to the pollen mass.
Nach der Behandlung im Brutschrank mischt man dem Pollengemisch 100 Gewichtsteile eines pflanzlichen Öls, welches einen höheren Gehalt an ungesättigten Fettsäuren aufweist, zu.After the treatment in the incubator, 100 parts by weight of a vegetable oil, which has a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, are added to the pollen mixture.
Das derart behandelte Pollengemisch zeichnet sich durch eine deutlich verbesserte Resorbierbarkeit im Magen/Darm- trakt aus.The pollen mixture treated in this way is characterized by significantly improved resorbability in the gastrointestinal tract.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82106122T ATE19653T1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1982-07-08 | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BEE POLLEN MIXTURE WITH IMPROVED ABSORBANCE AND A BEE POLLEN MIXTURE SUITABLE FOR HYPOSENSITIZATION. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3127354 | 1981-07-10 | ||
DE19813127354 DE3127354A1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1981-07-10 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BEE POLL MIXTURE WITH IMPROVED RESORBABILITY, AND A BEE POLL MIXTURE SUITABLE FOR HYPOSENSIBILIZATION |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0069995A2 true EP0069995A2 (en) | 1983-01-19 |
EP0069995A3 EP0069995A3 (en) | 1983-07-20 |
EP0069995B1 EP0069995B1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
Family
ID=6136640
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82106122A Expired EP0069995B1 (en) | 1981-07-10 | 1982-07-08 | Process for preparing a mixture of bee pollen having an improved resorption capacity, and a hyposensibilizing mixture of bee pollen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0069995B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE19653T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3127354A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2587360A1 (en) * | 1985-02-23 | 1987-03-20 | Wischniewski Martin | Process for disrupting flower pollen |
CN1037061C (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1998-01-21 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing edible pollen |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3605050A1 (en) * | 1985-02-23 | 1986-08-28 | Juergen Block | Method for digestion of flower pollen |
DE102012200836B3 (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-08-01 | Apotheke am Prediger Monika Biechele e. Kfr. | Digesting flower pollen useful for treating allergic symptoms, e.g. sneezing and watery eyes, comprises providing pollen to be broken down in mixture with lactose and circulating such that lactose particles are able to cut open pollen |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1054555A (en) * | 1952-04-16 | 1954-02-11 | Helena Rubinstein Ets | Process for the preparation of products based on plant extracts, for skin care |
FR1164258A (en) * | 1956-10-08 | 1958-10-07 | Process for activating basic materials used in the preparation of beauty products | |
FR1191459A (en) * | 1958-02-12 | 1959-10-20 | Pollens Soc D | Substitute to replace pollen from fresh flowers and <royal jelly> from beehives in their applications and for other uses |
DE1467750A1 (en) * | 1963-07-30 | 1968-12-12 | Cernelle Ab | Process for extracting important components from pollen |
FR2443265A1 (en) * | 1978-12-07 | 1980-07-04 | Cotte Jean Marie | Extracting vegetable materials e.g. by maceration - with enzyme treatment before extraction |
-
1981
- 1981-07-10 DE DE19813127354 patent/DE3127354A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1982
- 1982-07-08 EP EP82106122A patent/EP0069995B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-08 DE DE8282106122T patent/DE3270983D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-08 AT AT82106122T patent/ATE19653T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1054555A (en) * | 1952-04-16 | 1954-02-11 | Helena Rubinstein Ets | Process for the preparation of products based on plant extracts, for skin care |
FR1164258A (en) * | 1956-10-08 | 1958-10-07 | Process for activating basic materials used in the preparation of beauty products | |
FR1191459A (en) * | 1958-02-12 | 1959-10-20 | Pollens Soc D | Substitute to replace pollen from fresh flowers and <royal jelly> from beehives in their applications and for other uses |
DE1467750A1 (en) * | 1963-07-30 | 1968-12-12 | Cernelle Ab | Process for extracting important components from pollen |
FR2443265A1 (en) * | 1978-12-07 | 1980-07-04 | Cotte Jean Marie | Extracting vegetable materials e.g. by maceration - with enzyme treatment before extraction |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2587360A1 (en) * | 1985-02-23 | 1987-03-20 | Wischniewski Martin | Process for disrupting flower pollen |
CN1037061C (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1998-01-21 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing edible pollen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0069995B1 (en) | 1986-05-07 |
DE3270983D1 (en) | 1986-06-12 |
DE3127354A1 (en) | 1983-01-27 |
ATE19653T1 (en) | 1986-05-15 |
EP0069995A3 (en) | 1983-07-20 |
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