EP0069817B1 - Bulk blasting - Google Patents
Bulk blasting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0069817B1 EP0069817B1 EP81630074A EP81630074A EP0069817B1 EP 0069817 B1 EP0069817 B1 EP 0069817B1 EP 81630074 A EP81630074 A EP 81630074A EP 81630074 A EP81630074 A EP 81630074A EP 0069817 B1 EP0069817 B1 EP 0069817B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- segment
- depth
- volume
- holes
- drilled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for volume blasting, in particular for selective loosening of solid example. rocky ground with a view to digging trenches or ramming piles, sheet piles and the like.
- the energy sources such as electricity, gas, oil and water must be brought from ever greater distances.
- the electrical current can be transported over long distances by overland lines, but on the other hand, gas, oil and water must be transported through lines, which become larger the greater the demand.
- These lines are advantageously laid in the ground so that the surface of the earth is not blocked unnecessarily and can be used for other purposes. For this reason, trenches have to be dug at times for the purpose of storing said lines. As long as the trenches can be dug in the ground or in loose rock, the conventional excavation machines are sufficient.
- the object of the proposed invention was to propose a method which avoids these problems and which allows the rock masses to be adequately and simultaneously smashed to the desired extent.
- the charges are ignited using a delay detonator and detonating cord.
- any depths of the trench can be loosened up with just one detonation.
- the free bores according to the invention and igniting the charges by means of a delay detonator, the shattered rock is given the necessary expansion possibility in the desired longitudinal direction without the shattering going beyond the predetermined width of the segment.
- the blasting method according to the invention is not limited in its application and can also be used, for example, when driving down shafts.
- the figure shows the free bores (2) which make up around 14% of the segment volume and are driven in the shape of a St. Andrew's cross.
- the pressure waves (5) from the detonation holes (3 and 4) spread concentrically during delay ignition and move towards the free holes (2).
- the rock masses are smashed and the free holes are filled with the excess volume.
- Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an explosive bore with a spacer (10) on which the explosive charges (12) are attached at intervals and connected to the detonating cord (13) which runs along the spacer.
- the entire explosive device is lightly plugged with drilling dust, sand or slag sand (14). As you can see, the depth of the destruction can be measured at will by inserting the spacer with the appropriate explosive devices into the blasting holes as required for higher or lower.
- a trench 3 m long, 0.65 m wide and 5 m deep is to be dug in solid rock.
- the trench length is divided into 5 segments (6) with a length of 0.60 m. With a width of 0.65 m and a depth of 5 m, this corresponds to a fixed volume of 1.950 m3. 14% free volume of which is 0.273 m3. If you choose 90 mm as the diameter of the free bores (2), this corresponds to 9 free bores, which are distributed evenly over the diagonals of the segment surfaces. Blasting holes (3) and (4) are made at the intersection of the center line of the segments and the upper and lower boundary lines of each segment.
- the loosened rock can be easily excavated, whereby the trench is exposed in the desired dimensions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Reverberation, Karaoke And Other Acoustics (AREA)
- Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Volumensprengen, insbesondere zum selektiven Auflockern von festem bsp. felsigem Untergrund im Hinblick auf das Ausheben von Gräben bzw. das Rammen von Pfählen, Spundbohlen u.dgl.The invention relates to a method for volume blasting, in particular for selective loosening of solid example. rocky ground with a view to digging trenches or ramming piles, sheet piles and the like.
Bedingt durch die fortschreitende Modernisierung und Anwendung neuer Techniken in den Fabriken und Betrieben müssen die Energieträger wie elektrischer Strom, Gas, Erdöl sowie Wasser auch aus immer grösseren Entfernungen herangeführt werden. Der elektrische Strom kann über weite Strecken durch Ueberlandleitungen befördert werden, hingegen aber müssen Gas, Erdöl und Wasser durch Leitungen befördert werden, die umso grösser werden, je grösser die Nachfrage ist. Diese Leitungen werden vorteilhaft in den Boden verlegt um die Erdoberfläche nicht unnütz zu versperren und für andere Zwecke weiter nutzen zu können. Aus diesem Grunde müssen zeitweise Gräben ausgehoben werden zwecks Einlagerung besagter Leitungen. Solange die Gräben im Erdreich oder im lockeren Gestein gezogen werden können, genügen die konventionnellen Aushubmaschinen. Müssen aber Gräben in einen festen Gesteinsuntergrund verlegt werden, muss .dieser Untergrund durch Sprengung aufgelockert werden um anschliessend mittels den Aushubmaschinen entfernt zu werden. Beim Aushub der Gräben im Gestein geht es nicht darum ein grösstmögliches Volumen herauszusprengen, sondern ein gezieltes Auflockern der Gesteinsmassen zu erreichen und dies bloss auf der verlangten Breite und Tiefe des Grabens. Verschiedene Methoden bieten sich hier an, so z.B. das in der DE-OS 27 47 937 beschriebene Verfahren, das vorsieht, mehrere Bohrlöcher hintereinander entlang der Mittellinie des Grabens anzuordnen. Sämtliche Bohrlöcher werden mit einer vorbestimmten Menge Sprengstoff besetzt und paarweise gleichzeitig gezündet. Diese Methode hat den Nachteil dass die Druckwellen benachbarter Sprengladungen sich gegenseitig abschwächen und die oberen Gesteinsmassen nur ungenügend zertrümmert werden, sodass erheblicher Kraft- und Kostenaufwand erforderlich ist, um an das optimal zertrümmerte Gestein heranzukommen. Je tiefer der Graben ausgehoben werden muss, desto höher wachsen diese Aufwände und in vielen Fällen muss ein zweites resp. drittes Mal nachgesprengt werden. Hierbei besteht wiederum die Gefahr eines zu starken Auflockerns, insbesondere, wenn es darum geht, Spundbohlen zu rammen.Due to the progressive modernization and application of new technologies in the factories and factories, the energy sources such as electricity, gas, oil and water must be brought from ever greater distances. The electrical current can be transported over long distances by overland lines, but on the other hand, gas, oil and water must be transported through lines, which become larger the greater the demand. These lines are advantageously laid in the ground so that the surface of the earth is not blocked unnecessarily and can be used for other purposes. For this reason, trenches have to be dug at times for the purpose of storing said lines. As long as the trenches can be dug in the ground or in loose rock, the conventional excavation machines are sufficient. If, however, trenches have to be laid in a solid stone subsoil, this subsoil must be loosened up by blasting in order to then be removed using the excavation machines. When digging the trenches in the rock, the aim is not to blow out the largest possible volume, but to achieve a targeted loosening of the rock masses and this only on the required width and depth of the trench. Various methods are available here, e.g. the method described in DE-OS 27 47 937, which provides for arranging several boreholes in a row along the center line of the trench. All boreholes are populated with a predetermined amount of explosives and detonated in pairs at the same time. This method has the disadvantage that the pressure waves from adjacent explosive charges weaken each other and the upper rock masses are only insufficiently crushed, so that considerable effort and cost is required to get to the optimally crushed rock. The deeper the trench has to be dug, the higher these efforts grow and in many cases a second or be blown up a third time. Here again there is a risk of loosening too much, especially when it comes to ramming sheet piles.
Die Aufgabe der vorgeschlagenen Erfindung war es ein Verfahren vorzuschlagen das diese Probleme umgeht und das es erlaubt, die Gesteinsmassen gleichzeitig ausreichend und allein im gewünschten Mass zu zertrümmern.The object of the proposed invention was to propose a method which avoids these problems and which allows the rock masses to be adequately and simultaneously smashed to the desired extent.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfüllt durch das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren, dessen Merkmale darin bestehen,
- a. dass man das gesamte aufzulockernde Volumen in eine Vielzahl von gleichgearteten Volumensegmenten (6) einteilt, in denen die Breite und die Tiefe als Festwerte vorliegen;
- b. dass man vorsieht, in jedem Segment Freibohrungen (2) anzuordnen, deren Tiefe der Segment-Tiefe entspricht, wobei die Segment-Länge (1), die Anzahl der Freibohrungen sowie deren Durchmesser insofern zusammenhängen, als das Gesamtvolumen der Freibohrungen pro Segment rund 14% des Segment-Volumens entspricht;
- c. dass man am Anfang sowie am Ende jedes Segmentes und auf der Mittellinie je eine Sprengbohrung (3 und 4) anordnet, wobei die Tiefe der Sprengbohrungen der Segment-Tiefe entsprechen und
- d. dass man die Sprenung der Positionen (3 und 4) einander gegenüber verzögert.
- a. that the entire volume to be loosened is divided into a plurality of volume segments of the same type (6) in which the width and the depth are available as fixed values;
- b. that provision is made to arrange free holes (2) in each segment, the depth of which corresponds to the segment depth, the segment length (1), the number of free holes and their diameter being related in that the total volume of free holes per segment is around 14% corresponds to the segment volume;
- c. that at the beginning as well as at the end of each segment and on the center line a blast hole (3 and 4) is arranged, the depth of the blast holes corresponding to the segment depth and
- d. that delaying the jumping of positions (3 and 4) towards each other.
Aus dem Tagebau ist es bekannt, dass beim Flächensprengen die mittlere Volumenzunahme des zertrümmerten Gesteins rund 14% beträgt. Diese Erkenntnis wurde der vorliegenden Erfindung zu Grunde gelegt, indem man die Freibohrungen so bemisst, dass ihr Volumen ungefähr 14% des zu sprengenden Volumens ausmacht; ausserdem wird am Anfang und am Ende eines jeweiligen Segmentes ein Bohrloch auf der Mittellinie angebracht.Diese Spreng-Bohrlöcher werden entsprechend der auszuhebenden Tiefe des Grabens so besetzt, dass der Sprengstoff mittels Abstandhalter über eine bestimmte Höhe im Bohrloch steht und nachträglich leicht abgestopft wird; letzteres erübrigt sich bei Unterwassersprengungen.It is known from the open-cast mine that the mean volume increase of the crushed rock during area blasting is around 14%. This finding was used as a basis for the present invention by measuring the free bores in such a way that their volume accounts for approximately 14% of the volume to be blasted; in addition, a borehole is made on the center line at the beginning and at the end of a respective segment. the latter is not necessary with underwater blasting.
Die Zündung der Ladungen erfolgt über Verzögerungszünder und Sprengschnur.The charges are ignited using a delay detonator and detonating cord.
Dadurch dass der Sprengstoff über die Abstandhalter über eine der Tiefe des Bohrloches entsprechenden Höhe verteilt ist, können beliebige Tiefen des Grabens mit nur einer Sprengung aufgelockert werden. Durch das erfindungsgemässe Anordnen der Freibohrungen und das Zünden der Ladungen mittels Verzögerungszünder gibt man dem zertrümmerten Gestein die nötige Ausdehnungsmöglichkeit in der gewünschten Längsrichtung ohne dass die Zertrümmerung über die vorgegebene Breite des Segmentes hinaus geht. Die erfindungsgemässe Sprengmethode ist in ihrer Anwendung nicht begrenzt und kann beispielsweise auch beim Abtrieb von Schächten eingesetzt werden.Because the explosives are distributed over the spacers over a height corresponding to the depth of the borehole, any depths of the trench can be loosened up with just one detonation. By arranging the free bores according to the invention and igniting the charges by means of a delay detonator, the shattered rock is given the necessary expansion possibility in the desired longitudinal direction without the shattering going beyond the predetermined width of the segment. The blasting method according to the invention is not limited in its application and can also be used, for example, when driving down shafts.
Zur Erläuterung der Erfindung dienen die Zeichnungen, in denen die Fig. eine Draufsicht auf eine Segmentfolge darstellt, während die FiQ. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Sprengbohrung zeigt.To explain the invention, the drawings, in which represents the Fig. Is a plan view of a segment sequence, serve as the Q Fi. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an explosive bore.
Die Fig. zeigt die Freibohrungen (2) welche rund 14% des Segmentvolumens ausmachen und in der Form eines Andreaskreuzes getrieben sind. Von den Sprengbohrungen (3 und 4) breiten sich die Druckwellen (5) beim Verzögerungszünden konzentrisch aus und bewegen sich auf die Freibohrungen (2) hin. Die Gesteinsmassen werden zertrümmert und die Freibohrungen mit dem Volumenüberschuss ausgefüllt.The figure shows the free bores (2) which make up around 14% of the segment volume and are driven in the shape of a St. Andrew's cross. The pressure waves (5) from the detonation holes (3 and 4) spread concentrically during delay ignition and move towards the free holes (2). The rock masses are smashed and the free holes are filled with the excess volume.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Sprengbohrung mit einem Abstandhalter (10), an dem die Sprengladungen (12) in Abständen angebracht sind und mit der Sprengschnur (13), welche dem Abstandhalter entlang verläuft, verbunden sind. Der gesamte Sprengsatz ist mit anfallendem Bohrmehl, Sand oder Schlackensand (14) leicht abgestopft. Wie man sieht, kann man die Zertrümmerungstiefe nach Belieben bemessen, indem man den Abstandhalter mit den entsprechenden Sprengsätzen dem Bedarf nach höher oder tiefer in die Sprengbohrungen einführt.Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an explosive bore with a spacer (10) on which the explosive charges (12) are attached at intervals and connected to the detonating cord (13) which runs along the spacer. The entire explosive device is lightly plugged with drilling dust, sand or slag sand (14). As you can see, the depth of the destruction can be measured at will by inserting the spacer with the appropriate explosive devices into the blasting holes as required for higher or lower.
An Hand des folgenden Beispiels soll eine Möglichkeit zum Anwenden der vorliegenden Erfindung erläutert werden. Es soll in festem Gestein ein Graben von 3 m Länge, 0,65 m Breite und 5 m Tiefe ausgehoben werden.One way of applying the present invention will be explained using the following example. A trench 3 m long, 0.65 m wide and 5 m deep is to be dug in solid rock.
Zuerst wird die Grabenlänge in 5 Segmente (6) zu 0,60 m Länge eingeteilt. Bei einer Breite von 0,65 m und einer Tiefe von 5 m entspricht dies einem Festvolumen von 1,950 m3. 14% Freivolumen davon sind 0,273 m3. Wählt man als Durchmesser der Freibohrungen (2) 90 mm, so entspricht dies 9 Freibohrungen, die man gleichmässig über die Diagonalen der Segmentoberflächen verteilt. Es werden Sprengbohrungen (3) und (4) auf den Schnittpunkten der Mittellinie der Segmente und der oberen bzw. unteren Begrenzungslinie jedes Segmentes angebracht.First the trench length is divided into 5 segments (6) with a length of 0.60 m. With a width of 0.65 m and a depth of 5 m, this corresponds to a fixed volume of 1.950 m3. 14% free volume of which is 0.273 m3. If you choose 90 mm as the diameter of the free bores (2), this corresponds to 9 free bores, which are distributed evenly over the diagonals of the segment surfaces. Blasting holes (3) and (4) are made at the intersection of the center line of the segments and the upper and lower boundary lines of each segment.
In die Sprengbohrungen (3) und (4) werden die Sprengladungen (12), welche mit der Sprengschnur (13) und den nicht gezeigten Verzögerungszündern an den Abstandhaltern (10) befestigt sind, eingelassen und leicht mit Bohrmehl, Sand oder Schlackensand (14) abgestopft. Bei Sprengungen unter Wasser erübrigt sich das Abstopfen.The explosive charges (12), which are attached to the spacers (10) with the detonating cord (13) and the delay detonators (not shown), are let into the explosive bores (3) and (4) and lightly with drilling dust, sand or slag sand (14). stuffed. With blasting under water there is no need to plug.
Das aufgelockerte Gestein lässt sich problemlos ausheben, wobei der Graben in den gewünschten Dimensionen freigelegt wird.The loosened rock can be easily excavated, whereby the trench is exposed in the desired dimensions.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81630074T ATE19115T1 (en) | 1981-07-15 | 1981-11-11 | VOLUME BLAST. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU83493 | 1981-07-15 | ||
| LU83493A LU83493A1 (en) | 1981-07-15 | 1981-07-15 | VOLUME BLASTING |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0069817A2 EP0069817A2 (en) | 1983-01-19 |
| EP0069817A3 EP0069817A3 (en) | 1984-04-25 |
| EP0069817B1 true EP0069817B1 (en) | 1986-04-09 |
Family
ID=19729697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81630074A Expired EP0069817B1 (en) | 1981-07-15 | 1981-11-11 | Bulk blasting |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0069817B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE19115T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3174344D1 (en) |
| LU (1) | LU83493A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3340725A1 (en) * | 1983-11-10 | 1985-05-23 | Winfried 3062 Brückeburg Rosenstock | METHOD FOR SECTIONAL PRODUCTION OF A SLOT WALL |
| WO1991004455A1 (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1991-04-04 | Tsentralny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky I Proektno-Experimentalny Institut Organizatsii, Mekhanizatsii I Tekhnicheskoi Pomoschi Stroitelstvu | Method for making cavities in hard ground |
| DE4037921C2 (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1996-03-07 | Lausitzer Braunkohle Ag | Process for removing rock obstacles in shallow bores, earth slots, construction pits and similar structures |
| BE1005955A3 (en) * | 1992-06-05 | 1994-04-05 | Carrieres Et Fours A Chaux De | Procedure for loading a mine firing shaft |
| WO2002073120A1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-09-19 | Brandrill Torrex (Proprietary) Limited | Mining method |
| CN107024153B (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-08-24 | 中水东北勘测设计研究有限责任公司 | Underwater rock plug burst gyro distribution coyote hole method |
| CN108489348B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-10-29 | 江西铜业股份有限公司 | A kind of deep hole and the knockdown hard rock air bench blasting method of short-bore |
| CN109470091A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-15 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of drilling pack for blasting engineering |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE538890A (en) * | 1954-06-15 | |||
| FR1528894A (en) * | 1967-04-24 | 1968-06-14 | Sondages Rhone Alpes | Process for compaction of soils and for pouring piles or foundations embedded in the ground |
| DE2109037A1 (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-09-07 | Gosudarstwenny Trest po proiswodstwu burowsrywnych rabot "Sojuswsrywprom", Moskau | Process for the production of embankment structures by directional explosion |
| NL7703935A (en) * | 1977-04-12 | 1978-10-16 | Ruiter Boringen En Bemalingen | Soil compaction system - uses explosive charges and forms drainage channels round charges |
-
1981
- 1981-07-15 LU LU83493A patent/LU83493A1/en unknown
- 1981-11-11 AT AT81630074T patent/ATE19115T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-11-11 EP EP81630074A patent/EP0069817B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-11 DE DE8181630074T patent/DE3174344D1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3174344D1 (en) | 1986-05-15 |
| LU83493A1 (en) | 1983-04-06 |
| EP0069817A2 (en) | 1983-01-19 |
| EP0069817A3 (en) | 1984-04-25 |
| ATE19115T1 (en) | 1986-04-15 |
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