DE2109037A1 - Process for the production of embankment structures by directional explosion - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys D! Pl.-ing. R. O "ETZ sen, no, κ. r A * I? » .HIGHT

Dr.lncj. i

8 Munich22, Steinsdarfstr, 10

53O-16,698P February 25, 1971

Gosudarstvenny Trest po proizvodstvu burovzryvnykh rabot Sojuzvzryvprom ", MOSCOW (USSR)

Process for the production of embankment structures by directional explosion

The invention relates to a method for the production of embankment building materials by directional explosion (detonation).

The invention can be used successfully in hydraulic engineering for the execution of profiled embankment structures Soil: water dams, catching dams, dykes, piers, moorings: in mining for the formation of specifically outlined heaps from the blasted debris; in road construction for the execution of various Filling of earth and dykes during the construction of the railway body (subgrade).

A method for producing embankment structures is widely known by directional blasting of mountain massifs (soil massifs), which consists in the fact that the explosive charges be arranged in series in the massif according to the penetration into the depth of the massif, with the explosive charges pointing with increasing penetration into the massive depth

530- (P35211 / 2) BTE (7)

209837/0039

increasing explosive properties.

The detonation of all rows of charges takes place either at the same time or .with large pauses one after the other from the first row to the second and then to the next following rows.

This known method does not allow the intensity to stop the crushing of the soil within the required limits, to maintain the required extent of the blasted heap and stable heaps of earth (of the structure) to form with a certain outline and geometric target parameters.

The invention is based on the object, eliminating the mentioned deficiency a method for the production of embankment structures through directed massive soil explosions (massive soil blasting) to develop, in which by a certain sequence of blasts the required extents of the Blasted soil and stable structures, which have a target grain composition, with the necessary outlines or geometric dimensions.

A method for the production of embankment structures by directed massive soil explosion by means of explosive charges, which be laid out in several rows in the massif according to the penetration into the massif depth and increasing blasting effect indicators have, is characterized according to the invention that first the row of explosive charges closest to the solid surface is ignited and that the second and the next series of explosive charges after the expiry of time intervals detonated in which the ground mass detonated by the first row of explosive charges has not yet collapsed is.

BATH ORIGINAL

2 09837/0039

It is useful to have the explosives charge rows in one to create mutual distance, which is determined by the following equation.

^W k »| ,. "2.

- ■ * ■ >

^W k ₊ 1 "Γ

with W. = line of the lowest resistance for the charges in the first row (distance between the first row of charges and the Bouenma ssivfläche);

W., = line aes smallest resistances for the charges of the second row (distance between second and first row of charges);

n,. = Explosive effect characteristic of the (all) charges in the second Line.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the description of an exemplary embodiment and the accompanying drawing.

In the drawing, the section of a mountain body to be blasted (mountain massif) and the arrangement are schematically shown of explosives in rows for the production of a Wasseraamtnes shown.

The essence of the invention consists in the following:

In order to create the body of a building 1 (stone embankment) from the soil mass with assumed contours and volume, becomes the linear magnitude of the distance ZW of a second row of explosive charges q calculated from the surface of the massive soil section 2:

ZW = w _k + w _{k + 1}

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BAD OFhGINAL

Based on the required grain composition and the geological structure of the mountain range to be blasted the explosive effect characteristic value of the first row n = 0.4 1.0 and the explosive effect characteristic value of the second and next Rows n, - = 3-5 η determined.

The line of the smallest resistance W, or W, »the first or the second row is determined by the following equation as a function of the explosive effect value of the second row:

2 ^y
η,., -1.

^W k ₊ 1

With the assumed fourths of the lines of least resistance, The specific explosives consumption values, expressed in kg / m, and the explosive properties are calculated according to the known Formulas calculate the weights of the explosive charges in the first row q and in the second row q.

The time interval between the ignition of the charges in the second row and in the next following rows with respect to the ignition in the first row is necessary to form a buffer that reduces the degree of crushing of the to be blasted Soil controls and the extent of the extension or the hurling away limited by the rock.

The time interval is determined using the following formula.

t = (-T7- + ¹ '/ C ^mseG J >

with t = delay time fmsecj;

C ^- = YJL J-) .

ö \ ^ 20 30 / '
W. = linear value of the blasting gap jjn];

V = 3 - 10 m / sec ... speed of formation of a Sprengspaltes (a blast ravine); '

V ₂ = 600 - 1500 m / sec ... speed of crack formation.

209837/0039

The extent of the blasted soil mass is determined using the following formula:

R = (1.3-1.8) · H

H -

with R = width of extension fm] ;

H = height of the detached (split off) solid soil part.

Let us now consider an embodiment of the method according to the invention considered:

A river bed 3 is to be closed, namely a heaped earth dam 1 made of limestone with a volume of 700,000 vP is to be created by a directed explosion; The height of the embankment is H 60m, the width at floor level 450 m and the length of the embankment is Ιβ5 m.

1. 'The linear dimensions of the earth dam and the volume of the Embankments are secured by the width of the massive layer to be blasted.

JW = W _k + £ W _{k + 1} = 96 m

2. The required degree of comminution of the rock (of the soil) is ensured by the charges in the first row, the explosive efficiency of which is n = 0.42; the explosive characteristic of the charges in the second row is correspondingly n . = n, x 3 = 1.25.

3. The arrangement of the explosive charges in the first and second row is determined according to the following equations:

209837/0039

^{+ η} \ ₊ ι - ¹ ' "t - p + i ^ ² - ι = 0.6

= I7F- = ^{6o m} > W _k = 36m.

4. The individual weights of the explosive charges are calculated using the well-known formula: q = KW · ⁵ (0.4 + 0.6 r?), Here is

q = weight of the load [kg] ;

k = calculated specific explosives consumption for Limestone for centrifugal blasting work of 1.6 kg / nr;

W = line of least resistance £ mj; η = characteristic value of explosive effect.

Cargo weight in the first row: ς _χ = 1.6 3Ö- ⁵ (0.4 + 0.6 0.42 ^) = 63 t.

Cargo weight in the second row: q ₂ = 1.6 * 60 ^ (0.4 + 0.6 * 1.25 ^) = 54p t.

5 The delay time is calculated using the following formula:

^{fc =} vf- ⁺ ^ - ⁼ - ¹ T ⁺ -m- = ^h9 ° ~ ^{500 rasec}

6. After assembling the ignition network of the explosive charges (q.) In the first row (see drawing) and after 500 msec, the charges (q ₂ ) in the second row are detonated. The specified time interval between the blasting of the charges in the first and second row ensures the limitation of the extent of the blasted pile and the additional crushing as a result of the collision of individual pieces of rock when hitting a screen

209837/0039

(the buffer), which is in the first row has formed.

7. Then the value of the extension is determined from the following formula: R = (1.3 = 1.8) H; with

R = extent Qn]

H = η £ W = 1.25 96 = 120m ... height of the detached (split off) solid 3odenal part
R = 1.8 x 120 = 220 m.

8. The maximum cross-section of the solid soil part to be blasted, taking into account the loosening factor, is f = 1.2

Sm = £ w · - | - H · f = 96 · 60 · 1.2 = 7200 m ² .

The average cross-section of the required volume of the Debris discharge amounts to:

S ₌ Sm_ _{= 1600 m} 2 _m
The length of a bed section is

700,000
1600

= 450 m.

In this way the directional blast (blowing) creates a Erdbodenvolumen sufficient for producing an earth dam of predetermined dimensions and UmriS and to fill the resulting cavity in 3ergmassiv (Spreng crater) with the calculated parameters.

209837/0039

Claims (2)

" Claims Q- IJ Process for the production of embankment structures by means of directed massive soil explosions by means of explosive charges, which are placed in the massif in several rows according to the penetration into the depth of the massif and have increasing explosive efficiency indicators, characterized in that the explosive charge row closest to the masive surface (q.) Is ignited first is, and that the second (q ₂ ) and the next series of explosive charges are detonated after time intervals have elapsed in which the soil mass W blasted by the first series of explosive charges (cn) has not yet collapsed. 2. The method * according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive charge rows are applied at a distance from one another which is determined by the following equation: ^w k with W ^ = line of the lowest resistance for the charges of the first series of explosive charges (q ^); W ₁ = line of least resistance for the charges of the second series of explosive charges (q ₂ ); n. = Explosive effect index of the (all) charges in the second row of explosives. 209837/0039