EP0069576A1 - Mât pour un bateau à voile - Google Patents

Mât pour un bateau à voile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0069576A1
EP0069576A1 EP82303522A EP82303522A EP0069576A1 EP 0069576 A1 EP0069576 A1 EP 0069576A1 EP 82303522 A EP82303522 A EP 82303522A EP 82303522 A EP82303522 A EP 82303522A EP 0069576 A1 EP0069576 A1 EP 0069576A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
columns
mast
column
construction according
aft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82303522A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Edward Jay Gaffney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0069576A1 publication Critical patent/EP0069576A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B15/0083—Masts for sailing ships or boats

Definitions

  • Sailboat masts modify speed and pointing ability of a sailboat in numerous ways.
  • the drag of the mast through the air creates a negative force when the apparent wind is forward of the beam.
  • the mast is a projection in the airstream and spoils the air flow over a portion of the sail directly behind the mast.
  • the turbulence is roughly proportional to drag, as a large part of the drag is caused by turbulence to leeward.
  • the mast becomes an obstruction in the airstream flowing through the slot between the two masts.
  • the windage of a mast is the primary consideration of most builders.
  • Other factors relating to the.mast and hull speed involve considerations of weight.
  • the mast should have a small diameter and low center of gravity.
  • the weight of the mast produces a relatively high inertia that must be overcome when the boat pitches over waves.
  • the mast weight increases the heel, requiring more keel weight or less sail area. Within certain limits, the less weight you need to keep the boat upright in the water, the faster you can go. Drag also increases heeling moment. Accordingly, it is desirable to minimize drag through the air with any mast and reduce the weight of the mast, both of which will improve air flow on the sail and provide increased boat speed.
  • Mast stiffness is also a consideration. Most sails are designed for masts that bend and, accordingly, a stiff mast will not produce an optimum mainsail for light winds.
  • Various mast control systems are employed to "tune" the mast.
  • a mast construction for a sailboat comprising at least two forward columns and an aft column, said aft column including means for supporting a sail and means connecting said columns characterised in that the two forward columns are aligned so that at least a portion of length of the aft column supporting the sail is in the shadow of one of the two forward columns when the boat is substantially on its normal tacking angle to port and at least a portion of the length of the aft column is in the windshadow of the other of the two forward columns when the boat is substantially on its normal tacking angle to starboard.
  • the invention provides a lightweight three column mast in which low windage, low weight and controllable flexibility provide increased hull speed for racing.
  • the mast vertical members are aligned in a triangular pattern with respect to each other to position the aft sail supporting column in the windshadow of one of the forward columns when a boat is substantially on its normal tacking angle as close as possible to the apparent wind to port and of another member when it is on its normal angle tacking to starboard.
  • the forward vertical columns are desirably tubular and form a leg of a triangle which is at right angles with the keel or longitudinal center line, and.the rearward or aft member of the three column mast is desirably solid and positioned on the boat center line.
  • the angle B between a triangle leg connecting the forward column with the sail column and the center line is selected for the particular hull involved to provide this result.
  • the spacing of the members is selected to provide the desired angle so that the combined compressive stress is reduced to minimize the weight of the structure required to handle the stresses and bending moments to thus obtain the advantages of a lightweight mast.
  • the reduced drag afforded by the three column mast improves the jib entry angle so that the boat can point higher into the wind without losing speed. Reducing the weight of the mast also enables carrying more sail, which is helpful in light to medium air.
  • the mast 10 comprises a forward pair of spaced columns in the form of tubes 12 and 14 and a rear or aft column 16 of solid stock which, as subsequently described, supports the sail.
  • the columns 12, 14 and 16 are interconnected by spacers 20.
  • the spacers can be in the form of tubes or rods which are welded between the columns.
  • the mast 10 can be supported by an assembly 86 recessed in the deck 23 in the boat hull 24.
  • the column 16 is provided with a vertical array of pivotally supported guide members 30 which are clamped to the column 16 in between the spacers 20 and provide a vertical track 32 for the main sail 34.
  • Design of the three column mast consists of sizing the two forward tubes 12 and 14 with adequate spacing L 1 to provide the required moment of inertia I to handle the bending and compressive stresses involved.
  • the moment of inertia of the mast in a sideways direction to port or starboard must be maintained in a certain proportion to the fore and aft inertias.
  • a ratio of 1 to 2 or 1 to 2.5 is appropriate, or an I of 2 towards port or starboard and an I of 4.3 in fore and aft direction.
  • angles B (Fig. 3) formed by triangular legs connecting the column 16 with the columns 12 and 14 and the hull centerline 37 should desirably approximate the direction of apparent wind for the particular boat at the typical tacking angle to place the column 16 and sail track members 30 in the windshadows 33 of the forward columns 12 and 14 to reduce drag and improve airflow.
  • the angle B can be controlled by changing the proportions of column area from the forward tubes to the sail supporting column.
  • a major part of the compressive load in the mast is caused by the halyards. These loads can be placed in the forward columns 12 and 14, thus opposing the tensile load from bending and reducing the compressive load in the sail tube.
  • the upper section of the mast h 1 can be tapered as shown in Fig. 1 to enable controlled bending or tuning, as is well known in the art.
  • Jumper wires 40 connected to the top piece 39 of the mast can be employed.
  • Each jumper wire 40 can be contained in one of the tubes 12, 14 and exit at tube ends 46.
  • Tension can be put on the wires 40 with a block and tackle 52 or a winch which is connected to a connector 53.
  • the lower end of the columns can be connected to three upstanding plates 80 which are welded to the columns and also to a base plate 82 which is secured to two spaced hinge plates 84.
  • the hinge plates 84 are pinned to a mast supporting assembly 86 by pins 88. If one of the pins is removed, the mast can be pivoted about the other pin to aid in stepping the mast.
  • Fig. 4 shows a combination spacer-spreader plate 90 which is notched to receive the columns and is welded to the columns.
  • the spreader plates can be provided with tips 92 which are hinged at 94 to the main body of the spacer-spreader plates.
  • the spreader tips 94 are connected to the mast side stays 96 in conventional fashion.
  • the spacers 20 can be of adjustable length to shape the mast for appropriate spacing at different vertical sections of the mast to adjust the windshadow on the sail supporting column.
  • the apparent wind acting on the mast varies at different heights of the mast because of increase in wind speed at higher elevations and because of the presence of a jib.
  • Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show a mast with a reduced triangular cross-sectional area along the section of Fig. 8 compared with the Fig. 7 cross-section.
  • the spacers connecting the vertical columns can be in the form of turnbuckles 62.
  • Fig. 9 shows a modified embodiment in which a forward column 70 is added to provide a diamond shape. This configuration has certain advantages from the standpoint of strength at the expense of increased weight.
  • Fig. 10 shows a modified embodiment of a spacer 110 which comprises a solid plate which is welded or otherwise connected to the columns.
  • Fig. 10 also discloses means forming a sail track comprising a lightweight shell 120 wrapped around column 16 and riveted to ears 122 by rivets 124.
  • the ears 122 are connected to an arcuate member 126 which provides a sail track 128.
  • a friction bearing 130 formed from a longitudinal section of plastic tubing or pipe is riveted by rivets 132 to the shell.
  • the ends 134 bear against the column 16 and provide a bearing surface with frictional restraint which enables the sail and assembly to pivot about the column 16. If shell 120 is made from plastic, the bearing 130 may not be required.
  • the shell 120 is notched to interfit with the spacers.
  • the plate 110 is desirably inclined at an angle A with the horizontal plane 140 so that drag is reduced when the boat is heeling.
  • the spacers illustrated in Fig. 1 are at an angle.
  • the angle A can vary with the particular boat, but angles of 4° to 8° are generally appropriate.
  • Fig. 12 shows a modified embodiment of the mast in which the forward tubes 150 and 152 are oval and the mast supporting column 154 is similarly oval in cross-section and desirably formed from an extrusion with an integrally formed sail track 156.
  • Fig. 13 shows a spacer 170 which can be formed from one piece or, as disclosed, formed from upper and lower shell halves 172, 174.
  • the shell halves 172, 174 are joined by a weldment along the split line 176.
  • the halves 172, 174 are desirably shaped to provide a vertical oriented elongated oval end 180 which is welded to a sleeve 182.
  • the sleeve 182 is welded, riveted or otherwise secured to column 16.
  • the forward ends 184 of the shells form a thin fin with upturned corners 186 to give a vertical thickness for joining to the sleeves 188 which can be welded, glued or riveted or fastened by any combination thereof to the forward columns 12, 14.
  • the gaps 190 between the shells can be filled with a weldment.
  • the sleeves can be half sleeves or full sleeves. If the spacer material is weldable to the mast columns, the intermediate sleeve portions may not be required.
  • spacer 170 provides minimum drag and adds vertical beam strength at end 182. With bending of the mast in use, spacers 170 will tend to keep points on the various columns at the same distance and orientation and control strength and flexibility.
  • the spacer 170 is desirably formed from stainless steel.
  • the spacer can be constructed as shown in Fig. 14 in which the spacer 190 has a horizontally oriented tear drop air foil shape with the thick end connected to the forward columns and providing vertical beam strength to maintain the column orientation.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
EP82303522A 1981-07-06 1982-07-05 Mât pour un bateau à voile Withdrawn EP0069576A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28075881A 1981-07-06 1981-07-06
US280758 1999-03-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0069576A1 true EP0069576A1 (fr) 1983-01-12

Family

ID=23074501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82303522A Withdrawn EP0069576A1 (fr) 1981-07-06 1982-07-05 Mât pour un bateau à voile

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0069576A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0389395A1 (fr) * 1989-03-21 1990-09-26 Yvon Belliard Gréement de navire ou d'engin équivalent
US8087374B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2012-01-03 Bruce Vereecken Cable-concealing fittings and fitting system for watercraft

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3085539A (en) * 1960-07-29 1963-04-16 Prolss Wilhelm Sailing vessel with square-rigged masts
DE1900501U (de) * 1964-07-07 1964-09-10 Robert Dr Med Lilienthal Segelmast und -spiere.
DE1559199A1 (de) * 1964-08-17 1969-09-25 Kgl Luftfartsstyrelsen Tragmast mit Polygonquerschnitt
US3724412A (en) * 1971-05-26 1973-04-03 J Blecker Mast for sailing vessels
GB2037686A (en) * 1978-12-19 1980-07-16 Ohno N Sailboat masts

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3085539A (en) * 1960-07-29 1963-04-16 Prolss Wilhelm Sailing vessel with square-rigged masts
DE1900501U (de) * 1964-07-07 1964-09-10 Robert Dr Med Lilienthal Segelmast und -spiere.
DE1559199A1 (de) * 1964-08-17 1969-09-25 Kgl Luftfartsstyrelsen Tragmast mit Polygonquerschnitt
US3724412A (en) * 1971-05-26 1973-04-03 J Blecker Mast for sailing vessels
GB2037686A (en) * 1978-12-19 1980-07-16 Ohno N Sailboat masts

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RUDDER, No. 5, Mai 1973, New York, "More Jury Rig", page 103 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0389395A1 (fr) * 1989-03-21 1990-09-26 Yvon Belliard Gréement de navire ou d'engin équivalent
FR2644752A1 (fr) * 1989-03-21 1990-09-28 Belliard Yvon Greement de navire ou d'engin equivalent
US8087374B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2012-01-03 Bruce Vereecken Cable-concealing fittings and fitting system for watercraft

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

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Effective date: 19831219