EP0067955B1 - Method of and installation for producing shell moulds - Google Patents

Method of and installation for producing shell moulds Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0067955B1
EP0067955B1 EP82104062A EP82104062A EP0067955B1 EP 0067955 B1 EP0067955 B1 EP 0067955B1 EP 82104062 A EP82104062 A EP 82104062A EP 82104062 A EP82104062 A EP 82104062A EP 0067955 B1 EP0067955 B1 EP 0067955B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sand
pattern
container
appliance according
base plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82104062A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0067955A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Schönenborn
Erhard Prof. Jaeger
Heinrich Brinckmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT82104062T priority Critical patent/ATE11744T1/en
Publication of EP0067955A1 publication Critical patent/EP0067955A1/en
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Publication of EP0067955B1 publication Critical patent/EP0067955B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C13/00—Moulding machines for making moulds or cores of particular shapes
    • B22C13/08—Moulding machines for making moulds or cores of particular shapes for shell moulds or shell cores

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing molding masks for foundry applications from a thermally curing molding sand on a heatable model and to a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 5.
  • the invention relates to all types of sand suitable for this purpose, the corresponding binder, for. B. in the form of a coating of the individual grains of sand or by a moisture-binding admixture to the sand.
  • the invention is based on a prior art, such as is given in FR-A-1 587 183.
  • the molding sand is kept separated from the pressure fluid by a flexible membrane.
  • the molding sand is pressed onto the model in a quasi-static manner in the state of the art mentioned.
  • EP-A1-0025818 in which already prefabricated casting molds are backfilled in a fluidized sand bed with molding sand supporting the thin-walled casting molds. This document is therefore foreign to the genre because no model is surrounded with hardening molding sand.
  • the invention has for its object to simplify and accelerate the manufacturing process and also to offer suitable measures for removing the pollutants. Use in a higher-level production process should also be possible or guaranteed.
  • the hanging arrangement of the model in the fluidized sand volume allows the finished molding mask to be lifted up with the model, while the excess, not hardened molding sand remains in its position, in particular in a fluid container.
  • the thickness and strength of the resulting mask can be adjusted in the usual way by the model temperature and the curing time and, moreover, according to the invention by the density of the fluidized sand, which can be regulated as a function of the air flow.
  • a particular possibility of influencing the mask formation arises if a model plate carrying the model or a base plate in a fluid container are brought closer to one another during the mask formation, in particular by lifting the base plate. Lowering the model plate and lifting the base plate is equivalent in terms of process technology. If the base plate can be raised, the model plate can then be designed in a particularly simple manner in the form of a lid on the fluid container.
  • the fluidization of the sand takes place by blowing air into the bottom area of a fluid container or other device, in particular through openings in the base plate, the air being able to escape through openings of a suitable size, in particular in the vicinity of the model, through openings.
  • discharge or suction openings can advantageously also be present in the model area itself in order to accelerate or improve the mask formation.
  • the supply of air continues in the normal case even during the removal of the molding mask and the refilling of the processed sand, but this is not absolutely necessary.
  • One embodiment which is particularly suitable for solving the problem provides a model plate which can be connected in a sealing manner to the container and on which the pollutants can emerge collectively at a single suction opening.
  • the base plate is preferably designed with a compressed air connection opening.
  • a base plate made of an air-permeable sintered material is preferred according to the invention.
  • the sand can be refilled when the lid is lifted off in the usual way by pouring in from above or, in a preferred automatic manner, by slipping over lateral fillers in the fluid container.
  • the dumping height is automatically set by the height of the inlet openings in combination with a lowering of the base plate.
  • the sand in the fluid container normally remains in a fluidized state.
  • the filler necks are connected to a sand reservoir located at a higher level via pipes that continuously drop from it.
  • a cooling channel in the fluid container in the upper area prevents heat transfer from the heated model and the model plate to the fluid container, so that hardening of the sand therein is excluded.
  • the figure shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • a model 1 is attached to a model plate 2 with the mold surface facing downward, the air being formed as slot nozzles has openings 3 near the model.
  • the model plate 2 has an air suction box 15 with a suction nozzle 16.
  • the model plate 2 serves as a removable, in particular hinged lid of a fluid container 10 which has a cooling channel 4 in the upper region. Below the model, in the situation shown, there is a free space 5 before the mask formation begins.
  • the fluidized sand volume 7 has automatically increased to the level of filler necks arranged on both sides.
  • the filler neck 6 are connected to a sand reservoir, not shown, via falling channels.
  • the height-movable base plate 11, which is provided with a plurality of air supply openings 17, is sealed off from the fluid container 10 by a sealing lip 12.
  • the base plate 11 is built under an overpressure box 9, which forms a pressure chamber 8 with it and is supplied via a flexible pressure line 14.
  • the base plate 11 with the overpressure box 9 can be moved in height by means of an adjusting device 13, which is not detailed, so that the fluidized sand can be moved in a desired manner to the model constantly or periodically, so that a density and hardening-controlled form mask is created.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)

Abstract

1. A method of preparing a shell mould - for foundry use - from a thermally hardenable moulding sand by forming it on a heatable pattern (1) the shaped surface of which is turned downwardly, characterized in that the pattern (1) is heated, until the shell mould has been formed, in a mass of sand (7) fluidized by a rising air stream, that while the shell ist being formed air is fed under pressure through a base plate (11) into an enclosed space, and in that the air egress form the enclosed space through a pattern plate (2) carrying the pattern (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formmasken für Gießereianwendungen aus einem thermisch aushärtenden Formsand an einem beheizbaren Modell sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 bzw. Anspruch 5.The invention relates to a method for producing molding masks for foundry applications from a thermally curing molding sand on a heatable model and to a device for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 5.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf alle hierfür geeigneten Sandarten, die entsprechende Bindemittel, z. B. in Form einer Umhüllung der einzelnen Sandkörner oder durch eine feuchtigkeitsbindende Zumischung zum Sand aufweisen.The invention relates to all types of sand suitable for this purpose, the corresponding binder, for. B. in the form of a coating of the individual grains of sand or by a moisture-binding admixture to the sand.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von einem Stand der Technik aus, wie er mit der FR-A-1 587 183 gegeben ist. Dort wird der Formsand durch eine flexible Membran vom Druckfluid getrennt gehalten. Das Andrücken des Formsandes an das Modell erfolgt beim genannten Stand der Technik quasi statisch.The invention is based on a prior art, such as is given in FR-A-1 587 183. There, the molding sand is kept separated from the pressure fluid by a flexible membrane. The molding sand is pressed onto the model in a quasi-static manner in the state of the art mentioned.

Die Formmaskenherstellung mit thermisch aushärtendem Formsand nach dem sogenannten Croningverfahren ist allgemein bekannt. Die bisher verwendeten Verfahren weisen Nachteile im Hinblick auf die Befreiung des fertigen Modells vom nicht ausgehärteten Formsand sowie unter dem Gesichtspunkt der unbefriedigenden Führung bei der Aushärtung entstehender Schadstoffe auf. Weiterhin wird der große verfahrenstechnische und bauliche Aufwand als nachteilig empfunden.The production of molding masks with thermally curing molding sand according to the so-called croning process is generally known. The methods used hitherto have disadvantages with regard to the freeing of the finished model from the uncured molding sand and from the point of view of unsatisfactory guidance in the curing of pollutants that arise. Furthermore, the great procedural and structural effort is felt to be disadvantageous.

Zum Stand der Technik gehört auch noch die EP-A1-0025818, bei der bereits vorgefertigte Gießformen in einem fluidisierten Sandbett mit die dünnwandigen Gießformen abstützendem Formsand hinterfüllt werden. Diese Druckschrift ist somit gattungsfremd, weil kein Modell mit aushärtendem Formsand umgeben wird.The prior art also includes EP-A1-0025818, in which already prefabricated casting molds are backfilled in a fluidized sand bed with molding sand supporting the thin-walled casting molds. This document is therefore foreign to the genre because no model is surrounded with hardening molding sand.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Fertigungsablauf zu vereinfachen und zu beschleunigen und des weiteren geeignete Maßnahmen zur Abführung der Schadstoffe anzubieten. Dabei soll auch der Einsatz in einen übergeordneten Fertigungsablauf möglich bzw. gewährleistet sein.The invention has for its object to simplify and accelerate the manufacturing process and also to offer suitable measures for removing the pollutants. Use in a higher-level production process should also be possible or guaranteed.

Diese Aufgabe ist mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 (Verfahren) bzw. mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5 (Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens) gelöst. Weiterbildungen bzw. Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich hierbei aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1 (method) or with the features of claim 5 (device for carrying out the method). Further developments or refinements result from the dependent claims.

Die hängende Anordnung des Modells im fluidisierten Sandvolumen gestattet es, die fertige Formmaske mit dem Modell nach oben abzuheben, während der überschüssige, nicht erhärtete Formsand in seiner Position insbesondere in einem Fluidbehälter verbleibt. Die Dicke und Festigkeit der entstehenden Formmaske läßt sich in üblicher Weise durch die Modelltemperatur und die Aushärtzeit sowie darüber hinaus nach der Erfindung durch die in Abhängigkeit von der Luftströmung regelbare Dichte des fluidisierten Sandes einstellen.The hanging arrangement of the model in the fluidized sand volume allows the finished molding mask to be lifted up with the model, while the excess, not hardened molding sand remains in its position, in particular in a fluid container. The thickness and strength of the resulting mask can be adjusted in the usual way by the model temperature and the curing time and, moreover, according to the invention by the density of the fluidized sand, which can be regulated as a function of the air flow.

Eine besondere Einflußmöglichkeit auf die Maskenbildung ergibt sich, wenn eine das Modell tragende Modellplatte oder eine Bodenplatte in einem Fluidbehälter während der Maskenbildung einander angenähert werden, insbesondere durch Anheben der Bodenplatte. Das Absenken der Modellplatte und Anheben der Bodenplatte ist verfahrenstechnisch gesehen gleichwertig. Bei anhebbarer Bodenplatte kann die Modellplatte dann in besonders einfacher Weise in Form eines Deckels am Fluidbehälter ausgeführt werden.A particular possibility of influencing the mask formation arises if a model plate carrying the model or a base plate in a fluid container are brought closer to one another during the mask formation, in particular by lifting the base plate. Lowering the model plate and lifting the base plate is equivalent in terms of process technology. If the base plate can be raised, the model plate can then be designed in a particularly simple manner in the form of a lid on the fluid container.

Das Fluidisieren des Sandes findet durch Lufteinblasen im Bodenbereich eines Fluidbehälters oder einer sonstigen Vorrichtung insbesondere durch Öffnungen in der Bodenplatte statt, wobei die Luft durch Öffnungen in der Modellplatte, insbesondere in der Umgebung des Modells, durch Öffnungen angemessener Größe entweichen kann. Je nach Modellform können in vorteilhafter Weise auch im Modellbereich selbst Abführ- bzw. Absaugöffnungen vorhanden sein, um die Maskenbildung zu beschleunigen bzw. zu verbessern. Die Zufuhr der Luft erfolgt im Normalfall auch während der Entnahme der Formmaske und dem Nachfüllen des verarbeiteten Sandes dauernd weiter, was jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich ist.The fluidization of the sand takes place by blowing air into the bottom area of a fluid container or other device, in particular through openings in the base plate, the air being able to escape through openings of a suitable size, in particular in the vicinity of the model, through openings. Depending on the model shape, discharge or suction openings can advantageously also be present in the model area itself in order to accelerate or improve the mask formation. The supply of air continues in the normal case even during the removal of the molding mask and the refilling of the processed sand, but this is not absolutely necessary.

Eine zur Lösung der Aufgabe besonders geeignete Ausführung sieht eine mit dem Behälter dichtend verbindbare Modellplatte vor, an der an einer einzigen Absaugöffnung die Schadstoffe gesammelt austreten können. In gleichartiger Weise ist vorzugsweise die Bodenplatte mit einer Druckluftanschlußöffnung ausgeführt. Anstelle einer Vielzahl von kleinen Öffnungen in der Bodenplatte, die durch Sandverschluß gefährdet sind, ist erfindungsgemäß eine Bodenplatte aus einem luftdurchlässigen Sintermaterial vorzuziehen.One embodiment which is particularly suitable for solving the problem provides a model plate which can be connected in a sealing manner to the container and on which the pollutants can emerge collectively at a single suction opening. In a similar manner, the base plate is preferably designed with a compressed air connection opening. Instead of a large number of small openings in the base plate which are endangered by sand closure, a base plate made of an air-permeable sintered material is preferred according to the invention.

Das Nachfüllen des Sandes kann bei abgehobenem Deckel in üblicher Weise durch Nachschütten von oben oder aber in bevorzugter selbsttätiger Art durch Nachrutschen über seitliche Einfüllstutzen im Fluidbehälter erfolgen. Die Schütthöhe stellt sich dabei automatisch durch die Höhe der Eintrittsöffnungen in Kombination mit einer Absenkung der Bodenplatte ein. Der Sand im Fluidbehälter bleibt dabei normalerweise in fluidisiertem Zustand. Die Einfüllstutzen sind mit einem höher gelegenen Sandvorratsbehälter über von diesem stetig abfallende Leitungen verbunden.The sand can be refilled when the lid is lifted off in the usual way by pouring in from above or, in a preferred automatic manner, by slipping over lateral fillers in the fluid container. The dumping height is automatically set by the height of the inlet openings in combination with a lowering of the base plate. The sand in the fluid container normally remains in a fluidized state. The filler necks are connected to a sand reservoir located at a higher level via pipes that continuously drop from it.

Ein Kühlkanal im Fluidbehälter im oberen Bereich verhindert erfindungsgemäß einen Wärmeübergang vom erwärmten Modell und der Modellplatte auf den Fluidbehälter,so daß eine Erhärtung des darin befindlichen Sandes ausgeschlossen ist.According to the invention, a cooling channel in the fluid container in the upper area prevents heat transfer from the heated model and the model plate to the fluid container, so that hardening of the sand therein is excluded.

Die Figur zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.The figure shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention.

Ein Modell 1 ist mit nach unten gekehrter Formoberfläche an einer Modellplatte 2 befestigt, die als Schlitzdüsen ausgebildete Luftaustrittsöffnungen 3 in Nähe des Modells aufweist. Der Modellplatte 2 ist ein Luftabsaugkasten 15 mit einem Absaugstutzen 16 aufgesetzt. Die Modellplatte 2 dient als abhebbarer, insbesondere abklappbarer Deckel eines Fluidbehälters 10, der im oberen Bereich einen Kühlkanal 4 aufweist. Unterhalb des Modells befindet sich in der dargestellten Situation vor dem Beginn der Maskenbildung ein Freiraum 5. Das fluidisierte Sandvolumen 7 ist selbsttätig bis zur Höhe von beidseitig angeordneten Einfüllstutzen angestiegen. Die Einfüllstutzen 6 sind mit einem nicht dargestellten Sandvorratsbehälter über fallende Kanäle verbunden. Die höhenbewegliche, mit einer Vielzahl von Luftzufuhröffnungen 17 versehene Bodenplatte 11 ist gegenüber dem Fluidbehälter 10 durch eine Dichtlippe 12 abgedichtet. Der Bodenplatte 11 ist ein Überdruckkasten 9 untergebaut, der mit diesem einen Druckraum 8 bildet und über eine flexible Druckleitung 14 versorgt wird. Die Bodenplatte 11 mit dem Überdruckkasten 9 ist mittels einer nicht näher ausgeführten Verstellvorrichtung 13 höhenbeweglich, so daß der fluidisierte Sand in gewünschter Weise soweit an das Modell konstant oder periodisch heranbewegt werden kann, daß eine dichte- und aushärtungskontrollierte Formmaske entsteht.A model 1 is attached to a model plate 2 with the mold surface facing downward, the air being formed as slot nozzles has openings 3 near the model. The model plate 2 has an air suction box 15 with a suction nozzle 16. The model plate 2 serves as a removable, in particular hinged lid of a fluid container 10 which has a cooling channel 4 in the upper region. Below the model, in the situation shown, there is a free space 5 before the mask formation begins. The fluidized sand volume 7 has automatically increased to the level of filler necks arranged on both sides. The filler neck 6 are connected to a sand reservoir, not shown, via falling channels. The height-movable base plate 11, which is provided with a plurality of air supply openings 17, is sealed off from the fluid container 10 by a sealing lip 12. The base plate 11 is built under an overpressure box 9, which forms a pressure chamber 8 with it and is supplied via a flexible pressure line 14. The base plate 11 with the overpressure box 9 can be moved in height by means of an adjusting device 13, which is not detailed, so that the fluidized sand can be moved in a desired manner to the model constantly or periodically, so that a density and hardening-controlled form mask is created.

Claims (14)

1. A method of preparing a shell mould - for foundry use - from a thermally hardenable moulding sand by forming it on a heatable pattern (1) the shaped surface of which is turned downwardly, characterized in that the pattern (1) is heated, until the shell mould has been formed, in a mass of sand (7) fluidized by a rising air stream, that while the shell ist being formed air is fed under pressure through a base plate (11) into an enclosed space, and in that the air egresses form the enclosed space through a pattern plate (2) carrying the pattern (1).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to forming the shell sand is heaped into the enclosed space below the pattern (1) yet a free space (5) preserved, and in that while the shell is being formed the enclosed space is reduced by moving its base plate (11) and the pattern plate (2) closer to each other.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the upper level of the sand heap in the enclosed space is automatically controlled by the inlet height (6) of an elevated sand column sliding downwardly thereinto.
4. A method according to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sand mass (7) in the enclosed space is fluidized while the sand is heaped, or automatically slides from the elevated sand column, thereinto.
5. An appliance for carrying out a method of preparing a shell mould - for foundry use - form a thermally hardenable moulding sand by forming it on a heatable pattern (1) the shaped surface of which is turned downwardly, characterized by a container (10) for a fluid, the container being provided with a base plate (11) having air inletapertures (17) and with a pattern plate (2) having air outlet apertures (3), the pattern plate serving to close the container but being removable therefrom, the container (10) serving to hold a sand mass (7) fluidized by a rising air stream.
6. An appliance according to claim 5, characterized in that the base plate (11) ist elevationally movable within the container (10) for the fluid.
7. An appliance according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that the pattern plate (2) is elevationally movable within the container (10) for the fluid.
8. An appliance according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that the pattern plate (2) is hingedly joined to the container (10) for the fluid and tiltable in relation thereto.
9. An appliance according to any of the claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the base plate (11) is made of an airpermeable sintered material.
10. An appliance according to any of the claims 5 to 9, characterized by a high-pressure receptacle (8) arranged underneath the base plate (11).
11. An appliance according to any of the claims 5 to 10, characterized by an air-suction box (15) arranged on top of the pattern plate (2).
12. An appliance according to any of the claims 5 to 11, characterized by at least one inlet pipe (6) fitted laterally to the container (10) at the height at which the sand slides thereinto.
13. An appliance according to any of the claims 5 to 12, characterized by a sand-storage hopper disposed above the inlet pipe (6) and connected thereto by a downwardly sloping duct.
14. An appliance according to any of the claims 5 to 13, characterized by a cooling duct (4) arranged on the container (10) for the fluid at the height of the pattern plate (2).
EP82104062A 1981-06-19 1982-05-11 Method of and installation for producing shell moulds Expired EP0067955B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82104062T ATE11744T1 (en) 1981-06-19 1982-05-11 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOLDED MASKS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813124024 DE3124024A1 (en) 1981-06-19 1981-06-19 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING MOLDING MASKS
DE3124024 1981-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0067955A1 EP0067955A1 (en) 1982-12-29
EP0067955B1 true EP0067955B1 (en) 1985-02-13

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EP82104062A Expired EP0067955B1 (en) 1981-06-19 1982-05-11 Method of and installation for producing shell moulds

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EP (1) EP0067955B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE11744T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3124024A1 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0025818A1 (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-04-01 Dependable-Fordath Inc. Method of casting shell molds

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB725455A (en) * 1952-04-05 1955-03-02 Gen Motors Corp Method and apparatus for forming casting moulds or cores
DE1141053B (en) * 1956-03-20 1962-12-13 Emery I Valyi Device for producing molded masks, in particular for foundry purposes
FR1587183A (en) * 1967-10-23 1970-03-13
US4067380A (en) * 1973-06-28 1978-01-10 British Cast Iron Research Association Making foundry moulds

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0025818A1 (en) * 1979-09-10 1981-04-01 Dependable-Fordath Inc. Method of casting shell molds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE11744T1 (en) 1985-02-15
EP0067955A1 (en) 1982-12-29
DE3262295D1 (en) 1985-03-28
DE3124024A1 (en) 1982-12-30

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