EP0065877A1 - Industrielles Röntgenstrahlungssystem - Google Patents
Industrielles Röntgenstrahlungssystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0065877A1 EP0065877A1 EP82302617A EP82302617A EP0065877A1 EP 0065877 A1 EP0065877 A1 EP 0065877A1 EP 82302617 A EP82302617 A EP 82302617A EP 82302617 A EP82302617 A EP 82302617A EP 0065877 A1 EP0065877 A1 EP 0065877A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- screens
- silver halide
- industrial
- emulsions
- gadolinium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LVZNHIPCUNINSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo hypobromite lanthanum Chemical class [La].BrOBr LVZNHIPCUNINSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DQZARQCHJNPXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium;sulfur monoxide Chemical class [Gd].S=O DQZARQCHJNPXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JKVRUCRFECOCME-UHFFFAOYSA-N O(Br)Br.[Gd] Chemical class O(Br)Br.[Gd] JKVRUCRFECOCME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GSQSRBLLRYHNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N O(Br)Br.[Gd].[La] Chemical class O(Br)Br.[Gd].[La] GSQSRBLLRYHNAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MGFIHMSAIMAOQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=S.[La].[Gd] Chemical class O=S.[La].[Gd] MGFIHMSAIMAOQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 5
- GXGAKHNRMVGRPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium;dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O GXGAKHNRMVGRPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004120 green S Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical class [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine Chemical class N1=NC=CC2=C1N=NN2 CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAHZTKVCYHJBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].S=O Chemical compound [P].S=O UAHZTKVCYHJBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009881 heat bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical group [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monobromide Chemical compound IBr CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPIZSELIQBYSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum;sulfur monoxide Chemical class [La].S=O UPIZSELIQBYSMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003217 poly(methylsilsesquioxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
Definitions
- This invention relates to a novel, high definition, industrial radiographic system.
- the system uniquely combines fine grain silver halide emulsion photographic film and a light-emitting phosphor screen.
- Nondestructive testing of articles and materials has become an integral part of quality control in modern manufacturing industries. This type of testing enables on-line and intensive evaluation of the structural soundness of products.
- One of the most commonly used forms of nondestructive testing is radiographic images taken on industrial materials.
- Industrial X-rays have been used for many years in the testing of support beams used in the construction of buildings, bridges and the like. They are particularly useful in the evaluation of welds and in testing metal plates for minute flaws which could affect performance.
- Radiographic emulsions used in industrial screen/film X-ray procedures typically have emulsions where the average grain size is above 0.5 micrometers (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3,922,545, col. 13, lines 25-46) and generally over 1 micrometer (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3,753,714, col. 4, lines 34-40).
- U.S. Patent Nos. 4,177,071 and 4,130,428 discloses a range of 0.25 to 1.2 micrometers for the grain size, but the examples are only of emulsions having average grain sizes of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 micrometers.
- An imageable system particularly useful for industrial X-ray procedures comprises at least two X-ray intensifying screens having a radiation sensitive photographic film between the screens.
- the film comprises a base with a decolorizable (e.g., bleachable or solvent removable in aqueous alkaline solvent) dye underlayer on at least one side of the base and two radiation sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, one on each side of the base (with at least one over the dye underlayer).
- the silver halide emulsions are comprised of dye sensitized silver halide grains having a number average size of less than 0.40 micrometers and greater than 0.05 micrometers. The grains are preferably sensitized to a portion of the spectral region near that of the light emitted by the; phosphor screen.
- the present invention concerns itself with radiographic imaging systems comprising two X-ray intensifying screens sandwiching a radiation sensitive element, said element comprising:
- the present invention also relates to a process for taking industrial radiographic images of industrial materials.
- 'industrial materials' are defined as all items or artifacts other than life forms.
- Industrial materials of metals, alloys, ceramics, glass, and polymeric resins (organic and inorganic) in the form of sheets, films, art forms, staple articles, intermediate and completed structures, and other forms are contemplated in the practice of the present invention.
- Radiographic emulsions used in the practice of the present invention should have silver coating weights less than 10 g Aglin 2 and preferably between 3 and 8 grams of silver per square meter. The most preferred range is between 3 and 7 g/m 2 of silver. These films have enabled complete processing times to be reduced to as little as ninety seconds.
- the process would be performed by using a conventional X-ray projection source or other high energy particle radiation sources including gamma and neutron sources.
- the particular phosphor used should have a high absorption coefficient for the radiation emitted from the source.
- this radiation is high energy particle radiation which is defined as any of X-rays, newtrons and gamma radiation.
- the industrial material would be placed between the controllable source of X-rays and the industrial radiographic system of the present invention. A controlled exposure of X-rays would be directed from the source and through the industrial material so as to enter and impact the radiographic system at an angle approximately perpendicular to the plane or surface of the intensifying screen and the photographic film contiguous to the inside surface of the screen.
- the radiation absorbed by the phosphors of the screen would cause light to be emitted by the screen which in turn would generate a latent image in the two silver halide imaging layers.
- Conventional development processes including stop baths, washes, fixing, bleaching and the like would then be used on the exposed film.
- the silver halide grains may be selected from amongst any of the known photographic silver halide materials such as silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver bromoiodide, silver chlorobromoiodide, silver chlorobromide, and the like and mixtures thereof.
- photographic adjuvants and processing aids may be used in the practice of the present invention.
- materials include gelatin extenders, chemical sensitizers (including sulfur and gold compounds), development accelerators (e.g., onium and polyonium compounds), alkylene oxide polymer accelerators, antifoggant compounds, stabilizers (e.g., azaindenes especially the tetra- and pentaazaindenes), surface active agents (particularly fluorinated surfactants), antistatic agents (particularly fluorinated compounds), plasticizers, matting agents, hardening agents, hardening accelerators, and the like.
- chemical sensitizers including sulfur and gold compounds
- development accelerators e.g., onium and polyonium compounds
- alkylene oxide polymer accelerators e.g., antifoggant compounds
- stabilizers e.g., azaindenes especially the tetra- and pentaazaindenes
- surface active agents particularly fluorinated surfactants
- the base may be any one of the well known photographic support materials such as glass, polymeric films such as cellulose acetate (and triacetate), polyesters (particularly polyethyleneterephthalate), polycarbonates, polystyrene, and polyvinyl acetal film base. Many other materials may also be used.
- photographic support materials such as glass, polymeric films such as cellulose acetate (and triacetate), polyesters (particularly polyethyleneterephthalate), polycarbonates, polystyrene, and polyvinyl acetal film base. Many other materials may also be used.
- the dye underlayer must contain a decolorizable dye.
- a decolorizable dye it is meant that the light absorbing ability of the dye must be substantially diminishable or capable of being completely removed.
- the dye in the binder which forms the underlayer may be readily soluble in aqueous alkaline solutions used in the processing (developing) of the film element so that the dye would be washed out of the element.
- the dye could be alkaline solution bleachable, heat bleachable, sulfite bleachable, or removable in any other manner which would not require destruction of the image in the film.
- Heat bleaching of the dyes may be accomplished by selecting dyes which are themselves thermolabile or by combining them with materials which can bleach the dyes when heated.
- the combination of bleachable dyes with nitrate salts capable of liberating HN0 3 or nitrogen oxides when heated to 160-200°C are particularly desirable.
- the dye underlayer is particularly important because it prevents cross-talk within the radiographic element.
- Cross-talk occurs when light emitted from one screen passes through one silver halide emulsion and the base into the second silver halide emulsion and forms a latent image there.
- the second emulsion i.e., the emulsion on the side of the base away from the emitting screen under consideration
- the second emulsion is relatively far removed from the screen, the light image is greatly dispersed and the resolution would be greatly reduced. It is, therefore, essential that the dye underlayer absorb radiation of the wavelength emitted by the phosphors.
- a series of silver halide emulsions with narrow grain size distribution was made in which the grain size was varied from 0.22 to 0.6 micrometers.
- the emulsions were made using a double jet procedure under controlled pAg conditions.
- the grains in all cases were iodobromide in composition containing 2.75 mole % iodide and were of cubic habit.
- the emulsions were handled in the normal manner for coagulating, washing and reconstituting them.
- the reconstituted emulsions were treated with conventional sulfur and gold sensitizers and were digested at 55°C to increase their sensitivity, cooled to 40°C, and treated with post sensitization additives and stabilizers (namely, tetraazaindines, additional halides, antifoggants, and a spectral sensitizer chosen to provide maximum sensitivity at 550 nm which matches the maximum emission characteristics of 3M's TrimaxO intensifying screen) as is common to the art.
- post sensitization additives and stabilizers namely, tetraazaindines, additional halides, antifoggants, and a spectral sensitizer chosen to provide maximum sensitivity at 550 nm which matches the maximum emission characteristics of 3M's TrimaxO intensifying screen
- the photographic films were prepared by separately coating the above emulsion onto both sides of a polyester film base which had previously been coated with an aqueous alkaline soluble dye in a gelatin layer.
- the film base was 7 mil photograde polyester.
- the emulsions were applied using a precision photographic coating machine.
- the final coatings contained 5.1g Ag/m 2 .
- This example shows the use of the materials of the present invention in commercial industrial radiographic situations.
- the X-ray intensifying screens used in the practice of the present invention are phosphor screens well known in the art. These phosphors are materials which absorb incident X-rays and emit radiation in a different portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly visible and ultraviolet radiation. Calcium tungstate and rare earth (gadolinium and lanthanum) oxysulfides and gadolinium or lanthanum oxybromides are particularly useful phosphors.
- the gadolinium oxysulfides and the lanthanum oxysulfides and the phosphates and arsenates can be doped to control the emussion wavelengths and improve their efficiency. Many of these phosphors are shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,725,704 and U.K. Patent No.
- the phosphate and arsenate phosphors may be generally represented by the formula wherein a is 0.01 to 0.50, b is 0 to 0/50, c is 0 to 0.02, d is o to 0.10, e is 0 to 0.02 and X represents phosphorous or arsenic atoms or mixtures thereof.
- c is 0, a is 0.05 to 0.30 and d is 0 to 0.02.
- the sum of b, c, d and e should be greater than zero and should most preferably be at least 0.005.
- the oxysulfide rare earth phosphors may be represented by the formula wherein Z is the dopant element or elements,
- g is 0 to 1.99
- h is 0 to 1.99
- f is 0.0005 to 0.16.
- b is 0, a is 0.15 to 1.00, f is 0.0010 to 0.05 and Z is terbium.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US26740281A | 1981-05-26 | 1981-05-26 | |
US267402 | 1988-11-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0065877A1 true EP0065877A1 (de) | 1982-12-01 |
EP0065877B1 EP0065877B1 (de) | 1986-08-06 |
Family
ID=23018616
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82302617A Expired EP0065877B1 (de) | 1981-05-26 | 1982-05-21 | Industrielles Röntgenstrahlungssystem |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0065877B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS57198456A (de) |
AR (1) | AR241831A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU550866B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8203024A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1196733A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3272443D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES8308075A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX157370A (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA823627B (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0245992A2 (de) * | 1986-04-29 | 1987-11-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aufzeichnungssystem für Radiotherapie |
EP0350883A2 (de) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-01-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Kombination photoempfindlicher Materialien zur Verwendung in der Radiographie |
EP0384634A2 (de) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-08-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiographische Schirm/Film-Konstruktionen mit verbesserter Quantendetektionsleistungsfähigkeit |
EP0437117A1 (de) * | 1990-01-10 | 1991-07-17 | Konica Corporation | Photographisches lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial mit verbesserten diagnostischen Eigenschaften |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1271567A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1990-07-10 | Cancer Institute Board, (The) | Method and apparatus for high engery radiography |
AU589980B2 (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1989-10-26 | Cancer Institute Board, The | Method and apparatus for high energy radiography |
IT1185307B (it) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-11-12 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Materiali fotosensibili per uso in radiografia e procedimento per la formazione di una immagine radiografica |
JP2770205B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-24 | 1998-06-25 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 放射線画像読取方法ならびにエネルギーサブトラクション方法 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005104A (en) * | 1958-09-17 | 1961-10-17 | Knapp Mills Inc | Method and means for testing metals |
US3725704A (en) * | 1971-01-28 | 1973-04-03 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Rare earth phosphors for x-ray conversion screens |
US3753714A (en) * | 1969-11-21 | 1973-08-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Image formation by radiation and intensification |
DE2510068A1 (de) * | 1974-03-11 | 1975-09-18 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Verbessertes roentgenphotographisches aufnahmematerial |
US3922545A (en) * | 1974-02-26 | 1975-11-25 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for nondestructively testing with a desensitized silver halide radiographic layer |
DE2534105A1 (de) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-07-08 | Dainippon Toryo Kk | Verstaerkerschirm fuer die radiographie |
DE2540344A1 (de) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-03-17 | Siemens Ag | Mit roentgenstrahlen zur fluoreszenz anregbarer leuchtstoff |
US4130428A (en) * | 1971-11-05 | 1978-12-19 | Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. | Combination of photosensitive elements suited for use in radiography |
GB1565811A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1980-04-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Luminescent phosphor materials |
US4210715A (en) * | 1975-08-02 | 1980-07-01 | Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. | Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material and method of processing thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5857735B2 (ja) * | 1975-01-22 | 1983-12-21 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 放射線検知フイルム |
JPS53106125A (en) * | 1977-02-28 | 1978-09-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Dyestuff image recording |
US4259588A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-03-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Green-emitting X-ray intensifying screens |
-
1982
- 1982-04-20 CA CA000401289A patent/CA1196733A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-20 MX MX192780A patent/MX157370A/es unknown
- 1982-05-21 DE DE8282302617T patent/DE3272443D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-05-21 EP EP82302617A patent/EP0065877B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-05-24 ES ES512479A patent/ES8308075A1/es not_active Expired
- 1982-05-25 AU AU84138/82A patent/AU550866B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-05-25 JP JP57087369A patent/JPS57198456A/ja active Granted
- 1982-05-25 BR BR8203024A patent/BR8203024A/pt unknown
- 1982-05-25 ZA ZA823627A patent/ZA823627B/xx unknown
- 1982-05-26 AR AR82289519A patent/AR241831A1/es active
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US3005104A (en) * | 1958-09-17 | 1961-10-17 | Knapp Mills Inc | Method and means for testing metals |
US3753714A (en) * | 1969-11-21 | 1973-08-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Image formation by radiation and intensification |
US3725704A (en) * | 1971-01-28 | 1973-04-03 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Rare earth phosphors for x-ray conversion screens |
US4130428A (en) * | 1971-11-05 | 1978-12-19 | Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. | Combination of photosensitive elements suited for use in radiography |
US3922545A (en) * | 1974-02-26 | 1975-11-25 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for nondestructively testing with a desensitized silver halide radiographic layer |
DE2510068A1 (de) * | 1974-03-11 | 1975-09-18 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | Verbessertes roentgenphotographisches aufnahmematerial |
DE2534105A1 (de) * | 1975-01-06 | 1976-07-08 | Dainippon Toryo Kk | Verstaerkerschirm fuer die radiographie |
US4210715A (en) * | 1975-08-02 | 1980-07-01 | Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. | Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material and method of processing thereof |
DE2540344A1 (de) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-03-17 | Siemens Ag | Mit roentgenstrahlen zur fluoreszenz anregbarer leuchtstoff |
GB1565811A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1980-04-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Luminescent phosphor materials |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0245992A2 (de) * | 1986-04-29 | 1987-11-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aufzeichnungssystem für Radiotherapie |
EP0245992A3 (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1989-06-28 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Recording system for irradiation therapy |
EP0350883A2 (de) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-01-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Kombination photoempfindlicher Materialien zur Verwendung in der Radiographie |
EP0350883A3 (en) * | 1988-07-14 | 1990-10-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Combination of photosensitive elements for use in radiography |
EP0384634A2 (de) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-08-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiographische Schirm/Film-Konstruktionen mit verbesserter Quantendetektionsleistungsfähigkeit |
EP0384634A3 (de) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-11-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Radiographische Schirm/Film-Konstruktionen mit verbesserter Quantendetektionsleistungsfähigkeit |
EP0437117A1 (de) * | 1990-01-10 | 1991-07-17 | Konica Corporation | Photographisches lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial mit verbesserten diagnostischen Eigenschaften |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS57198456A (en) | 1982-12-06 |
AU550866B2 (en) | 1986-04-10 |
AU8413882A (en) | 1982-12-02 |
EP0065877B1 (de) | 1986-08-06 |
DE3272443D1 (en) | 1986-09-11 |
JPH0473136B2 (de) | 1992-11-20 |
ES512479A0 (es) | 1983-08-01 |
ZA823627B (en) | 1983-05-25 |
MX157370A (es) | 1988-11-18 |
CA1196733A (en) | 1985-11-12 |
ES8308075A1 (es) | 1983-08-01 |
AR241831A1 (es) | 1992-12-30 |
BR8203024A (pt) | 1983-05-10 |
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