EP0064968A2 - Heating apparatus for an open fire with heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heating apparatus for an open fire with heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0064968A2
EP0064968A2 EP82870023A EP82870023A EP0064968A2 EP 0064968 A2 EP0064968 A2 EP 0064968A2 EP 82870023 A EP82870023 A EP 82870023A EP 82870023 A EP82870023 A EP 82870023A EP 0064968 A2 EP0064968 A2 EP 0064968A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular bars
bars
tubular
open
wind box
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EP82870023A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0064968A3 (en
Inventor
Emile Moors
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/188—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas  
    • F24B1/1885—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas   the heat exchange medium being air only
    • F24B1/1886—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas   the heat exchange medium being air only the heat exchanger comprising only tubular air ducts within the fire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved heating appliance and more particularly to an open-fire heating appliance with a heat exchanger.
  • the fuel-fired heaters include those in which an open fire is maintained with coal, peat, charcoal, wood and other miscellaneous solid fuels.
  • Traditional type open-fire devices give off heat and borrow from the room in which they are located, the combustion air which they release at a high temperature into a chimney. The performance of these devices is therefore extremely low and thus results in prohibitive operating costs.
  • the braziers, which are not connected to a chimney, obviously have better performance, but the risk of asphyxiation to which they expose prohibits the use.
  • open fire appliances offer the advantage over closed stoves of being more decorative and of being very pleasant because of the visibility of the fire, in addition to that of emitting an immediately perceptible heat.
  • the heating means can be classified as central heating systems and as distributed heating systems. If the virtues of cleanliness and comfort of central heating have ensured its general success, they have, however, concealed its major drawback, which is the enormous fuel consumption that it entails. Indeed, even if the thermodynamic efficiency of central heating boilers is generally very satisfactory and if the flow and return pipes are properly insulated to avoid heat loss, many rooms are heated irrationally despite possible thermostatic valves, while intermittent heating remains difficult to perform, even using a low inertia system (hot air heating supplied with liquid or gaseous fuel). Due to the increasing price of fuels, it is therefore advantageous to have a localized auxiliary heating system with intermittent operation.
  • a localized auxiliary heating system capable of operating intermittently in principle overcomes the major drawback of central heating, especially in late fall and early spring, but the different types of stoves and heaters closed have a thermal inertia that is still too considerable, so that this function is best performed by devices with open fire. However, for the latter to have a satisfactory thermal efficiency and an immediate effect, it is necessary that they also heat the air in the room and make it possible to maintain a flow of hot air.
  • naked flame heaters with air circulation which are described as offering the desired advantages.
  • These devices all include a hollow grid on which the fire is maintained and in which air, taken from the room under the impulse of a fan, is heated by exchange before being released into the room.
  • a fan housed in a head of a false chenet laterally admits into the hollow grid air which heats up and leaves the grid on the opposite side by a symmetrical false chenet head.
  • the devices of this second type have the advantage that no battery of upper tubes prevents access to the fire, but expose to two disadvantages, namely that the false andirons make the device much too bulky for most chimneys that the flow of air delivered is too concentrated for pleasant heating.
  • the air to be heated is sucked in by a fan located laterally and is admitted into a wind box located at the rear of the appliance and carrying tubes directed towards the room to be heated through from which the air is heated before being expelled.
  • These tubes parallel to each other, are located above a grate and a space is provided under the grate to collect the combustion ashes.
  • the fuel is placed on the tubes.
  • glowing embers fall through the tubes onto the grate, where the draft of air through it prolongs their combustion. This untimely combustion has the effect of causing rapid and premature degradation of the grate and of the tubes situated above it.
  • the heat exchanger tubes open directly into the room to be heated. They are located at a relatively high height above ground level. The hot air that comes out will rise by convection to the top of the room to be heated. This upward movement is all the more rapid as these heaters do not have any device for guiding the expelled hot air.
  • the tubular bars are connected to the wind box by holes of diameter substantially equal to the light thereof, and the tubular bar or bars closest to the air intake are provided with deflectors located on the path of the air stream to be heated, inside the wind box, and distributing it regularly in all the tubular bars.
  • the tubular bars open into the outlet ramp through orifices of diameter smaller than the lumen of the bars.
  • the outlet ramp has a U-shaped profile whose open side, made narrower by pinching the branches of the U, is located in the extension of the tubular bars and thus constitutes the outlet of the hot air.
  • the combination of the means described above and the low height of the device are intended to advantageously obtain that it delivers a regular sheet of hot air, distributed over its entire width, having a certain speed of flow as a result throttles of the outlet openings, and directed downwards.
  • the warm air distributed uniformly and directed downwards travels a certain distance at ground level before rising by convection to the top of the room to be heated.
  • an important characteristic of the construction of the apparatus according to the invention is that, unlike the already known open-flame heating apparatuses, the grid formed by the tubular heat exchanger bars is located directly above the ashtray.
  • the fuel is placed on the tubular bars and, as it burns, the glowing embers fall through the bars into the ashtray, where they burn slowly, heating the tubular bars located above the ashtray.
  • the tubular bars are welded to the wind box in two small diametrically opposite regions of each bar, in this case towards the top and towards the bottom of the wind box, but not at mid- height, so that a slight leak which remains favors the draft of the chimney and the embers falling through the grate in the ashtray burn completely and thus quickly ensure an intense and uniform heating of the grate; the tubular bars being welded in a manner similar to the exit ramp.
  • the wind box receives the flow tube on the left and according to the other variant, it receives it to the right, the heater being seen in the position installed in a chimney.
  • the heater 1 comprises an ashtray 2 and a fire basket 3.
  • the ashtray 2 is a flat box, open at its upper part, made of sheet steel 1.5 mm thick folded and welded to angles so as to constitute a receptacle with a height of 40 mm whose lateral sides 4 have a length of 360 mm and whose rear sides 5 and anterior 6 have a length of 520 mm.
  • the front side 6 of the ashtray 2 is provided with a central handle 7.
  • the fire basket 3 is formed by a wind box 8 made of sheet steel 3 mm thick constituting a body with a square section of 50 mm x 50 mm and a length of 500 mm.
  • the windbox 8 is drilled in its front face 13 with seven holes 14 (of which only one door the reference figure) by which it feeds the tubular bars 15.
  • the holes 14 have a diameter of approximately 25 mm and the first two holes, to be counted from the tube 9 in the direction of the air passage, are each provided a small deflector 16, the function of which is to ensure substantial equality of air flow through the various tubular bars 15.
  • the tubular bars 15 are mild steel tubes with an internal diameter of approximately 25 mm and an outside diameter of about 33 mm, their length being 330 mm.
  • the first bar 15 and the last, counting from the tube 9 are each provided with two bent feet 17 welded in place.
  • the bent feet 17 in square profile of 15 mm x 15 mm allow the fire basket 3 to be placed sufficiently above the ashtray 2 and with sufficient lateral clearance so that it can easily be removed and replaced.
  • the feet 17 are arranged near the ends of their respective tubes.
  • the tubular bars therefore constitute the horizontal heat exchanger grid and adapt to an outlet ramp 18 made of folded sheet steel 1.5 mm thick.
  • the outlet ramp 18 is pierced with seven outlet holes 19 with a diameter of 16 mm corresponding to the respective tubular bars 15.
  • the outlet ramp 18 which is parallel to the wind box 8 and therefore horizontal, has the shape of a U with a straight bottom, the upper branch of which is inclined downward by an angle of about 20 ° so as to ensure a second acceleration of the outgoing air flow.
  • the upper edge of the ramp 18 carries a blade 21 5 mm thick, 40 mm high and 540 mm long, in turn carrying 18 teeth 22 with a square section of 15 mm x 15 mm in length about 125 mm, which together with the blade 21 forms a comb retaining fuel in the hearth.
  • the tubular bars 15 are welded to the wind box on only part of their contour, namely upwards at 23 and downwards at 24, so as to leave a very slight leakage of blown air which favors the draft and ensures complete combustion of the fuel fragments which have fallen into the ashtray.
  • the attachment of the tubular bars 15 to the outlet ramp 18 has the same feature for the same purposes.
  • the tube 9 is provided on the left side of the heater 1, but as a variant it can be provided on the right, in which case the deflectors 16 equip the first two tubular bars 15 to be counted from from the right.
  • the tubular bars 15 are quickly brought to a high and relatively uniform temperature, so that the heater 1 delivers in a short time a sheet of hot air near the floor of the heated room. Due to the double acceleration by the constriction constituted by the outlet holes 19 and the constriction formed by the pinching of the branches of the U, the sheet of hot air has a high speed and penetrates over a long distance into the room to be heat before the hot air dissipates in height.
  • the heating device 1 therefore avoids the drawback of devices with open fire and forced air circulation of the first type, in which it is necessary to maintain a very intense fire in order to effectively complete heating the air in the tubes return, which have the disadvantage, by their position, of delivering the sheet of hot air without accelerating additional ration allowing a longer penetration in the room and to deliver it in addition to a too high level.
  • the device according to the invention offers the advantage of forced air circulation heaters of the second type that the flow of hot air is delivered in a sheet making the heating of the room more homogeneous. Another advantage of the device of the invention over devices of the second type is that it is more compact and can therefore be easily adapted in chimneys of a size currently in use.
  • the reasonable dimensions of the device of the invention allow it to be easily removed from the chimney when necessary.
  • the welded construction gives the device of the invention the advantage that the assemblies are not likely to disassemble or weaken like the screw assemblies under the effect of thermal expansion. .
  • the windbox 8 instead of having transverse dimensions little greater than the lumen of the tubular bars 15 and of being provided with deflectors 16, could have a much larger section making these deflectors 16 unnecessary.
  • FIG. 2 where the same bodies have the same reference numbers.
  • the wind box 8 notably higher than it is wide, carries the tubing 9 at its upper part and the tubular bars 15 at its lower part. Under these conditions, the turbulence of the air flow in the wind box 8 is sufficient to ensure reasonable equality of air flow through the tubular bars 15 and moreover the greater height of the wind box 8 also allows it prevent fuel from fall behind the appliance to the bottom of the chimney.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus is equipped with a blower (11) fitted to a delivery pipe (10) and comprises, in addition to an ash pan (2), a fire basket (3) consisting of a wind box (8) receiving the delivery pipe (10) and carrying tubular bars (15) which form a horizontal heat-exchanger grating and which deliver the heated air via an outlet rack (18). This apparatus is preferred for ensuring additional heating. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage perfectionné et plus particulièrement un appareil de chauffage à feu nu avec échangeur de chaleur.The present invention relates to an improved heating appliance and more particularly to an open-fire heating appliance with a heat exchanger.

Au nombre des appareils de chauffage qui sont alimentés en combustible, il convient de citer les appareils dans lesquels un feu nu est entretenu au moyen de charbon, de tourbe, de charbon de bois, de bois et d'autres combustibles solides divers. Les appareils à feu nu de type traditionnel dégagent un rayonnement calorifique et empruntent à la pièce dans laquelle ils se trouvent, l'air de combustion qu'ils relâchent à une température élevée dans une cheminée. Le rendement de ces appareils est, par conséquent, extrêmement faible et entraîne ainsi des dépenses de fonctionnement prohibitives. Les braseros, qui ne sont pas raccordés à une cheminée, ont évidemment un rendement meilleur, mais le risque d'asphyxie auquel ils exposent en proscrit l'utilisation. Toutefois, les appareils à feu nu offrent sur les poêles fermés l'avantage d'être plus décoratifs et d'être fort agréables en raison de la visibilité du feu, outre celui d'émettre une chaleur immédiatement perceptible.Among the fuel-fired heaters include those in which an open fire is maintained with coal, peat, charcoal, wood and other miscellaneous solid fuels. Traditional type open-fire devices give off heat and borrow from the room in which they are located, the combustion air which they release at a high temperature into a chimney. The performance of these devices is therefore extremely low and thus results in prohibitive operating costs. The braziers, which are not connected to a chimney, obviously have better performance, but the risk of asphyxiation to which they expose prohibits the use. However, open fire appliances offer the advantage over closed stoves of being more decorative and of being very pleasant because of the visibility of the fire, in addition to that of emitting an immediately perceptible heat.

D'un point de vue différent, les moyens de chauffage peuvent être répertoriés en systèmes de chauffage central et en systèmes de chauffage réparti. Si les vertus de propreté et de confort du chauffage central ont assuré son succès généralisé, elles ont en revanche dissimulé son inconvénient majeur, qui est l'énorme consommation de combustible qu'il entraîne. En effet, même si le rendement thermodynamique des chaudières de chauffage central est généralement fort satisfaisant et si les conduites de départ et de retour sont correctement calorifugées pour éviter les déperditions thermiques, de nombreux locaux sont chauffés irrationnellement malgré d'éventuelles vannes thermo- statiques, tandis que le chauffage intermittent reste difficile à exécuter, même au moyen d'un système à faible inertie (chauffage à air chaud alimenté en combustible liquide ou gazeux). En raison du prix croissant des combustibles, il est donc intéressant de disposer d'un système de chauffage d'appoint localisé et à fonctionnement intermittent.From a different point of view, the heating means can be classified as central heating systems and as distributed heating systems. If the virtues of cleanliness and comfort of central heating have ensured its general success, they have, however, concealed its major drawback, which is the enormous fuel consumption that it entails. Indeed, even if the thermodynamic efficiency of central heating boilers is generally very satisfactory and if the flow and return pipes are properly insulated to avoid heat loss, many rooms are heated irrationally despite possible thermostatic valves, while intermittent heating remains difficult to perform, even using a low inertia system (hot air heating supplied with liquid or gaseous fuel). Due to the increasing price of fuels, it is therefore advantageous to have a localized auxiliary heating system with intermittent operation.

Un système de chauffage d'appoint localisé propre à fonctionner par intermittence, permet en principe de pallier l'inconvénient majeur du chauffage central, surtout à la fin de l'automne et au début du printemps, mais les différents types de poêles et de calorifères fermés ont une inertie thermique encore trop considérable, de sorte que cette fonction est assurée au mieux par les appareils à feu nu. Toutefois, pour que ces derniers aient un rendement thermique satisfaisant et un effet immédiat, il est nécessaire qu'ils chauffent aussi l'air du local et permettent d'entretenir un flux d'air chaud.A localized auxiliary heating system capable of operating intermittently, in principle overcomes the major drawback of central heating, especially in late fall and early spring, but the different types of stoves and heaters closed have a thermal inertia that is still too considerable, so that this function is best performed by devices with open fire. However, for the latter to have a satisfactory thermal efficiency and an immediate effect, it is necessary that they also heat the air in the room and make it possible to maintain a flow of hot air.

On connaît déjà des appareils de chauffage à feu nu avec circulation d'air qui sont décrits comme offrant les avantages désirés. Ces appareils comprennent tous une grille creuse sur laquelle le feu est entretenu et dans laquelle de l'air, prélevé dans la pièce sous l'impulsion d'un ventilateur, est chauffé par échange avant d'être relâché dans la pièce.There are already known naked flame heaters with air circulation which are described as offering the desired advantages. These devices all include a hollow grid on which the fire is maintained and in which air, taken from the room under the impulse of a fan, is heated by exchange before being released into the room.

Dans les appareils d'un premier type, l'air est admis à la partie antérieure de la grille creuse et ramené, au sortir de celle-ci, vers la pièce par des tubes repassant au-dessus du feu dont les flammes achèvent ainsi de chauffer l'air. Ces appareils présentent quelques inconvénients notables, à savoir que pour une puissance raisonnable, ils sont fort encombrants en hauteur et que le chauffage des tubes de retour par les flammes exige d'entretenir un feu important. Ces appareils sont donc pratiquement installés à demeure dans l'âtre dans lequel la batterie des tubes de retour d'air dépare la cheminée et encombre de plus celle-ci au point qu'il devient difficile de recharger correctement le feu et d'utiliser celui-ci à des fins de divertissement, par exemple griller des charcuteries.In apparatuses of a first type, air is admitted to the front part of the hollow grate and brought back, on leaving it, towards the room by tubes passing over the fire whose flames thus complete heat the air. These devices have some significant drawbacks, namely that for a reasonable power, they are very bulky in height and that the heating of the return tubes by the flames requires maintaining a large fire. These devices are therefore practically permanently installed in the hearth in which the battery of return air tubes separates the chimney and also clogs it. to the point where it becomes difficult to reload the fire properly and use it for entertainment purposes, such as grilling deli meats.

Dans des appareils d'un autre type, un ventilateur logé dans une tête de faux chenet admet latéralement dans la grille creuse de l'air qui s'échauffe et quitte la grille au côté opposé par une tête de faux chenet symétrique. Les appareils de ce second type ont l'avantage qu'aucune batterie de tubes supérieurs n'empêche l'accès au feu, mais exposent à deux inconvénients, à savoir que les faux chenets rendent l'appareil beaucoup trop encombrant pour la plupart des cheminées actuelles et que le flux d'air débité est trop concentré pour un chauffage agréable.In apparatuses of another type, a fan housed in a head of a false chenet laterally admits into the hollow grid air which heats up and leaves the grid on the opposite side by a symmetrical false chenet head. The devices of this second type have the advantage that no battery of upper tubes prevents access to the fire, but expose to two disadvantages, namely that the false andirons make the device much too bulky for most chimneys that the flow of air delivered is too concentrated for pleasant heating.

Dans un autre type d'appareil encore, l'air à chauffer est aspiré par un ventilateur situé latéralement et est admis dans une boîte à vent située à l'arrière de l'appareil et portant des tubes dirigés vers le local à chauffer au travers desquels l'air est chauffé avant d'être expulsé. Ces tubes, parallèles entre eux, sont situés au-dessus d'une grille et un espace est ménagé sous la grille pour recueillir les cendres de combustion. Le combustible est posé sur les tubes. Au fur et à mesure de la combustion, des braises incandescentes tombent à travers les tubes sur la grille, où le tirage d'air à travers celle-ci prolonge leur combustion. Cette combustion intempestive a pour effet de provoquer une dégradation rapide et prématurée de la grille et des tubes situés au-dessus d'elle.In yet another type of appliance, the air to be heated is sucked in by a fan located laterally and is admitted into a wind box located at the rear of the appliance and carrying tubes directed towards the room to be heated through from which the air is heated before being expelled. These tubes, parallel to each other, are located above a grate and a space is provided under the grate to collect the combustion ashes. The fuel is placed on the tubes. As the combustion progresses, glowing embers fall through the tubes onto the grate, where the draft of air through it prolongs their combustion. This untimely combustion has the effect of causing rapid and premature degradation of the grate and of the tubes situated above it.

D'autre part, les tubes échangeurs de chaleur débouchent directement dans le local à chauffer. Ils sont situés à une hauteur relativement importante par rapport au niveau du sol. L'air chaud qui en sort s'élèvera par convection vers le haut du local à chauffer. Ce mouvement ascendant est d'autant plus rapide que ces appareils de chauffage ne possèdent aucun dispositif de guidage de l'air chaud expulsé.On the other hand, the heat exchanger tubes open directly into the room to be heated. They are located at a relatively high height above ground level. The hot air that comes out will rise by convection to the top of the room to be heated. This upward movement is all the more rapid as these heaters do not have any device for guiding the expelled hot air.

Celui-ci ne se répartit donc pas uniformément et amorce son ascension dès sa sortie des tubes échangeurs de chaleur. De plus dans certains cas, ces tubes sont orientés vers le haut, leur sortie se trouve à un niveau plus élevé que la boîte à vent, ce qui a pour conséquence de rendre encore plus facile la fuite de l'air chaud vers le haut du local à chauffer.This therefore does not distribute evenly and begins to rise as soon as it leaves the heat exchanger tubes. In addition, in some cases, these tubes are oriented upwards, their outlet is at a higher level than the wind box, which has the consequence of making it even easier the escape of hot air upwards. room to heat.

Les différents inconvénients des appareils à feu nu et circulation forcée de l'air déjà connus décrits ci-dessus sont évités dans un appareil conforme à l'invention. En effet, celle-ci a pour objet un appareil de chauffage avec échangeur de chaleur muni d'une soufflante adaptée à un tube de débit débouchant dans une boîte à vent qui porte des barreaux tubulaires. L'ensemble de ces barreaux tubulaires parallèles et équidistants entre eux forme une grille horizontale échangeuse de chaleur à travers laquelle circule l'air à chauffer. Cette grille horizontale ainsi formée constitue le fond d'une corbeille à feu et est située au-dessus d'un cendrier. Les barreaux tubulaires débouchent enfin dans une rampe de sortie. Les barreaux tubulaires sont reliés à la boîte à vent par des trous de diamètre sensiblement égal à la lumière de ceux-ci, et le ou les barreaux tubulaires les plus proches de l'admission de l'air sont munis de déflecteurs situés sur le trajet du courant d'air à chauffer, à l'intérieur de la boîte à vent, et répartissant celui-ci d'une façon régulière dans tous les barreaux tubulaires. Les barreaux tubulaires débouchent dans la rampe de sortie à travers des orifices de diamètre inférieur à la lumière des barreaux. Enfin, la rampe de sortie présente un profil en U dont le côté ouvert, rendu plus étroit par pincement des branches du U, est situé dans le prolongement des barreaux tubulaires et constitue ainsi la sortie dé l'air chaud.The various drawbacks of devices with open fire and forced circulation of air already known, described above, are avoided in an apparatus according to the invention. Indeed, it relates to a heating device with heat exchanger provided with a blower adapted to a flow tube opening into a wind box which carries tubular bars. All of these parallel and equidistant tubular bars between them form a horizontal heat exchange grid through which the air to be heated circulates. This horizontal grid thus formed constitutes the bottom of a fire basket and is located above an ashtray. The tubular bars finally open into an exit ramp. The tubular bars are connected to the wind box by holes of diameter substantially equal to the light thereof, and the tubular bar or bars closest to the air intake are provided with deflectors located on the path of the air stream to be heated, inside the wind box, and distributing it regularly in all the tubular bars. The tubular bars open into the outlet ramp through orifices of diameter smaller than the lumen of the bars. Finally, the outlet ramp has a U-shaped profile whose open side, made narrower by pinching the branches of the U, is located in the extension of the tubular bars and thus constitutes the outlet of the hot air.

L'absence de grille porte-combustible proprement dite et la disposition des barreaux tubulaires au-dessus du cendrier permettent une hauteur réduite de l'appareil selon l'invention. Par conséquent, la rampe de sortie, située dans le prolongement des barreaux tubulaires, se trouve très près du niveau du sol. Elle n'en est séparée que par la hauteur du cendrier, lui- même posé sur le fond de la cheminée.The absence of a fuel grid itself and the arrangement of the tubular bars above the ashtray allow a reduced height of the device according to the invention. Consequently, the exit ramp, located in line with the tubular bars, is very close to ground level. It is only separated from it by the height of the ashtray, itself placed on the bottom of the chimney.

La combinaison des moyens décrits ci-dessus et la faible hauteur de l'appareil ont pour but d'obtenir avantageusement que celui-ci débite une nappe régulière d'air chaud, répartie sur toute sa largeur, ayant une certaine vitesse de débit par suite des étranglements des orifices de sortie, et orientée vers le bas. L'air chaud réparti uniformément et dirigé vers le bas parcourt une certaine distance au ras du sol avant de s'élever par convection vers le haut du local à chauffer.The combination of the means described above and the low height of the device are intended to advantageously obtain that it delivers a regular sheet of hot air, distributed over its entire width, having a certain speed of flow as a result throttles of the outlet openings, and directed downwards. The warm air distributed uniformly and directed downwards travels a certain distance at ground level before rising by convection to the top of the room to be heated.

Comme il a été dit plus haut, une caractéristique, importante de la construction de l'appareil suivant l'invention est que, contrairement aux appareils de chauffage à feu nu déjà connus, la grille formée par les barreaux tubulaires échangeurs de chaleur se trouve directement au-dessus du cendrier. Le combustible est posé sur les barreaux tubulaires et, au fur et à mesure de la combustion, les braises incandescentes tombent à travers les barreaux dans le cendrier, où elles se consument lentement, en réchauffant les barreaux tubulaires situés au-dessus du cendrier. Il n'y a aucun tirage d'air à travers la couche de braise ainsi formée dans le cendrier et la température de combustion des braises n'atteint jamais un niveau qui risque d'amener la dégradation des barreaux tubulaires situés au-dessus du cendrier.As mentioned above, an important characteristic of the construction of the apparatus according to the invention is that, unlike the already known open-flame heating apparatuses, the grid formed by the tubular heat exchanger bars is located directly above the ashtray. The fuel is placed on the tubular bars and, as it burns, the glowing embers fall through the bars into the ashtray, where they burn slowly, heating the tubular bars located above the ashtray. There is no draft of air through the layer of embers thus formed in the ashtray and the combustion temperature of the embers never reaches a level which is likely to cause the degradation of the tubular bars located above the ashtray. .

Suivant d'autres formes de réalisation, les barreaux tubulaires sont soudés à la boîte à vent dans deux petites régions diamétralement opposées de chaque barreau, en l'occurrence vers la partie haute et vers la partie basse de la boîte à vent, mais non à mi- hauteur, de sorte qu'une légère fuite qui subsiste favorise le tirage de la cheminée et que les braises tombant à travers la grille dans le cendrier brûlent complètement et assurent ainsi rapidement un chauffage intense et uniforme de la grille; les barreaux tubulaires étant soudés de manière semblable à la rampe de sortie.According to other embodiments, the tubular bars are welded to the wind box in two small diametrically opposite regions of each bar, in this case towards the top and towards the bottom of the wind box, but not at mid- height, so that a slight leak which remains favors the draft of the chimney and the embers falling through the grate in the ashtray burn completely and thus quickly ensure an intense and uniform heating of the grate; the tubular bars being welded in a manner similar to the exit ramp.

Suivant une première variante d'exécution, la boîte à vent reçoit le tube de débit à gauche et suivant l'autre variante d'exécution, elle le reçoit à droite, l'appareil de chauffage étant vu en position installée dans une cheminée.According to a first variant, the wind box receives the flow tube on the left and according to the other variant, it receives it to the right, the heater being seen in the position installed in a chimney.

On trouvera ci-après la description d'une forme de réalisation particulière qui est préférée de l'appareil de chauffage à feu nu avec échangeur de chaleur.A description is given below of a particular embodiment which is preferred of the open-fire heating apparatus with heat exchanger.

L'appareil de chauffage 1 comprend un cendrier 2 et une corbeille à feu 3. Le cendrier 2 est une boîte plate, ouverte à sa partie supérieure, fait de tôle d'acier d'une épaisseur de 1,5 mm pliée et soudée aux angles de manière à constituer un réceptacle d'une hauteur de 40 mm dont les côtés latéraux 4 ont une longueur de 360 mm et dont les côtés postérieur 5 et antérieur 6 ont une longueur de 520 mm. Le côté antérieur 6 du cendrier 2 est muni d'une poignée centrale 7. La corbeille à feu 3 est formée par une boîte à vent 8 en tôle d'acier de 3 mm d'épaisseur constituant un corps à section carrée de 50 mm x 50 mm et d'une longueur de 500 mm. L'une des petites faces de la boîte à vent 8 est percée d'un trou auquel est adaptée par soudure une tubulure 9 sur laquelle s'adapte le tube de débit 10 amenant, depuis la soufflante 11, l'air prélevé dans la pièce devant être chauffée au moyen de l'appareil de chauffage 1. La soufflante 11, de préférence. de type centrifuge, est actionnée par un moteur électrique 12. La boîte à vent 8 est percée dans sa face antérieure 13 de sept trous 14 (dont un seul porte le chiffre de référence) par lesquels elle alimente les barreaux tubulaires 15. Les trous 14 ont un diamètre d'environ 25 mm et les deux premiers trous, à compter depuis la tubulure 9 dans le sens du passage de l'air, sont munis chacun d'un petit déflecteur 16, dont la fonction est d'assurer une égalité sensible du débit de l'air par les différents barreaux tubulaires 15. Les barreaux tubulaires 15 sont des tubes en acier doux d'un diamètre intérieur d'environ 25 mm et d'un diamètre extérieur d'environ 33 mm, leur longueur étant de 330 mm. Le premier barreau 15 et le dernier, à compter depuis la tubulure 9 sont munis chacun de deux pieds coudés 17 soudés en place. Les pieds coudés 17 en profilé carré de 15 mm x 15 mm permettent de poser la corbeille à feu 3 suffisamment au-dessus du cendrier 2 et avec un jeu latéral suffisant pour que celui-ci puisse aisément être retiré et remis en place. Les pieds 17 sont disposés à proximité des extrémités de leur tube respectif. Les barreaux tubulaires constituent donc la grille horizontale échangeuse de chaleur et s'adaptent à une rampe de sortie 18 en tôle d'acier pliée d'une épaisseur de 1,5 mm. La rampe de sortie 18 est percée de sept trous de sortie 19 d'un diamètre de 16 mm correspondant aux barreaux tubulaires 15 respectifs. Du fait que les trous de sortie 19 ont un diamètre inférieur à celui de la lumière des barreaux tubulaires 15, le flux est accéléré à la sortie des barreaux tubulaires. La rampe de sortie 18, qui est parallèle à la boîte à vent 8 et donc horizontale, a la forme d'un U à fond droit dont la branche supérieure est inclinée vers le bas d'un angle d'environ 20° de manière à assurer une seconde accélération du flux d'air sortant. Le bord supérieur de la rampe 18 porte une lame 21 de 5 mm d'épaisseur, de 40 mm de hauteur et de 540 mm de longueur portant à son tour, 18 dents 22 à section carrée de 15 mm x 15 mm d'une longueur d'environ 125 mm, qui constituent avec la lame 21 un peigne retenant le combustible dans l'âtre. Les barreaux tubulaires 15 sont soudés à la boite à vent sur une partie seulement de leur contour, à savoir vers le dessus en 23 et vers le dessous en 24, de manière à laisser subsister une très légère fuite d'air soufflé qui favorise le tirage et assure la combustion complète des fragments de combustible tombés dans le cendrier. La fixation des barreaux tubulaires 15 à la rampe de sortie 18 présente la même particularité aux mêmes fins.The heater 1 comprises an ashtray 2 and a fire basket 3. The ashtray 2 is a flat box, open at its upper part, made of sheet steel 1.5 mm thick folded and welded to angles so as to constitute a receptacle with a height of 40 mm whose lateral sides 4 have a length of 360 mm and whose rear sides 5 and anterior 6 have a length of 520 mm. The front side 6 of the ashtray 2 is provided with a central handle 7. The fire basket 3 is formed by a wind box 8 made of sheet steel 3 mm thick constituting a body with a square section of 50 mm x 50 mm and a length of 500 mm. One of the small faces of the wind box 8 is pierced with a hole to which a tube 9 is adapted by welding on which the flow tube 10 fits, bringing, from the blower 11, the air taken from the room. to be heated by the heater 1. The blower 11, preferably. centrifugal type, is powered by an electric motor 12. The windbox 8 is drilled in its front face 13 with seven holes 14 (of which only one door the reference figure) by which it feeds the tubular bars 15. The holes 14 have a diameter of approximately 25 mm and the first two holes, to be counted from the tube 9 in the direction of the air passage, are each provided a small deflector 16, the function of which is to ensure substantial equality of air flow through the various tubular bars 15. The tubular bars 15 are mild steel tubes with an internal diameter of approximately 25 mm and an outside diameter of about 33 mm, their length being 330 mm. The first bar 15 and the last, counting from the tube 9 are each provided with two bent feet 17 welded in place. The bent feet 17 in square profile of 15 mm x 15 mm allow the fire basket 3 to be placed sufficiently above the ashtray 2 and with sufficient lateral clearance so that it can easily be removed and replaced. The feet 17 are arranged near the ends of their respective tubes. The tubular bars therefore constitute the horizontal heat exchanger grid and adapt to an outlet ramp 18 made of folded sheet steel 1.5 mm thick. The outlet ramp 18 is pierced with seven outlet holes 19 with a diameter of 16 mm corresponding to the respective tubular bars 15. Because the outlet holes 19 have a diameter smaller than that of the lumen of the tubular bars 15, the flow is accelerated at the outlet of the tubular bars. The outlet ramp 18, which is parallel to the wind box 8 and therefore horizontal, has the shape of a U with a straight bottom, the upper branch of which is inclined downward by an angle of about 20 ° so as to ensure a second acceleration of the outgoing air flow. The upper edge of the ramp 18 carries a blade 21 5 mm thick, 40 mm high and 540 mm long, in turn carrying 18 teeth 22 with a square section of 15 mm x 15 mm in length about 125 mm, which together with the blade 21 forms a comb retaining fuel in the hearth. The tubular bars 15 are welded to the wind box on only part of their contour, namely upwards at 23 and downwards at 24, so as to leave a very slight leakage of blown air which favors the draft and ensures complete combustion of the fuel fragments which have fallen into the ashtray. The attachment of the tubular bars 15 to the outlet ramp 18 has the same feature for the same purposes.

Dans la forme de réalisation décrite, la tubulure 9 est prévue sur le côté gauche de l'appareil de chauffage 1, mais en variante elle peut être prévue à droite, auquel cas les déflecteurs 16 équipent les deux premiers barreaux tubulaires 15 à compter à partir de la droite.In the embodiment described, the tube 9 is provided on the left side of the heater 1, but as a variant it can be provided on the right, in which case the deflectors 16 equip the first two tubular bars 15 to be counted from from the right.

Du fait que le feu, après quelques minutes de fonctionnement, est également entretenu dans le cendrier 2, où la consommation est rendue complète par les petites fuites d'air à la boîte à vent 8 et à la rampe de sortie 18, les barreaux tubulaires 15 sont rapidement portés à une température élevée et relativement uniforme, de sorte que l'appareil de chauffage 1 débite en peu de temps une nappe d'air chaud à proximité -du sol de la pièce chauffée. En raison de la double accélération par l'étranglement que constituent les trous de sortie 19 et l'étranglement formé par le pincement des branches du U, la nappe d'air chaud a une vitesse importante et pénètre sur une longue distance dans la pièce à chauffer avant que l'air chaud se dissipe en hauteur. L'appareil de chauffage 1 évite donc l'inconvénient des appareils à feu nu et circulation forcée de l'air du premier type, dans lesquels il est nécessaire d'entretenir un feu très intense pour effectivement achever de chauffer l'air dans les tubes de retour, lesquels ont pour inconvénient, par leur position, de débiter la nappe d'air chaud sans accélération supplémentaire permettant une plus longue pénétration dans la pièce et de la débiter de surcroît à un niveau trop élevé. L'appareil conforme à l'invention offre sur les appareils de chauffage à circulation forcée de l'air du second type l'avantage que le flux d'air chaud est débité en nappe rendant le chauffage de la pièce plus homogène. Un autre avantage de l'appareil de l'invention sur les appareils du second type est qu'il est plus compact et peut donc être aisément adapté dans les cheminées d'une dimension actuellement courante. Par ailleurs, les dimensions raisonnables de l'appareil de l'invention permettent de le retirer aisément de la cheminée lorsque la chose est nécessaire. Enfin, il y a lieu de noter que la construction soudée confère à l'appareil de l'invention l'avantage que les assemblages ne risquent pas de se démonter ou de s'affaiblir comme les assemblages à vis sous l'effet des dilatations thermiques.Because the fire, after a few minutes of operation, is also maintained in the ashtray 2, where consumption is made complete by small air leaks from the wind box 8 and the outlet ramp 18, the tubular bars 15 are quickly brought to a high and relatively uniform temperature, so that the heater 1 delivers in a short time a sheet of hot air near the floor of the heated room. Due to the double acceleration by the constriction constituted by the outlet holes 19 and the constriction formed by the pinching of the branches of the U, the sheet of hot air has a high speed and penetrates over a long distance into the room to be heat before the hot air dissipates in height. The heating device 1 therefore avoids the drawback of devices with open fire and forced air circulation of the first type, in which it is necessary to maintain a very intense fire in order to effectively complete heating the air in the tubes return, which have the disadvantage, by their position, of delivering the sheet of hot air without accelerating additional ration allowing a longer penetration in the room and to deliver it in addition to a too high level. The device according to the invention offers the advantage of forced air circulation heaters of the second type that the flow of hot air is delivered in a sheet making the heating of the room more homogeneous. Another advantage of the device of the invention over devices of the second type is that it is more compact and can therefore be easily adapted in chimneys of a size currently in use. Furthermore, the reasonable dimensions of the device of the invention allow it to be easily removed from the chimney when necessary. Finally, it should be noted that the welded construction gives the device of the invention the advantage that the assemblies are not likely to disassemble or weaken like the screw assemblies under the effect of thermal expansion. .

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite avec référence à une forme de réalisation spécifique, il va de soi qu'elle est susceptible de différentes variantes et modifications sans sortir de son cadre. Par exemple, la boîte à vent 8, au lieu d'avoir des dimensions transversales peu supérieures à la lumière des barreaux tubulaires 15 et d'être munie de déflecteurs 16, pourrait avoir une section beaucoup plus importante rendant ces déflecteurs 16 inutiles. Une telle variante est illustrée à la Fig. 2, où les mêmes organes portent les mêmes chiffres de référence. Dans ce cas, la boîte à vent 8, notablement plus haute que large, porte la tubulure 9 à sa partie supérieure et les barreaux tubulaires 15 à sa partie inférieure. Dans ces conditions, la turbulence du flux d'air dans la boîte à vent 8 est suffisante pour assurer une égalité raisonnable du débit d'air par les barreaux tubulaires 15 et par ailleurs la plus grande hauteur de la boîte à vent 8 lui permet également d'empêcher le combustible de tomber derrière l'appareil au fond de la cheminée.Although the invention has been described with reference to a specific embodiment, it goes without saying that it is capable of different variants and modifications without departing from its scope. For example, the windbox 8, instead of having transverse dimensions little greater than the lumen of the tubular bars 15 and of being provided with deflectors 16, could have a much larger section making these deflectors 16 unnecessary. Such a variant is illustrated in FIG. 2, where the same bodies have the same reference numbers. In this case, the wind box 8, notably higher than it is wide, carries the tubing 9 at its upper part and the tubular bars 15 at its lower part. Under these conditions, the turbulence of the air flow in the wind box 8 is sufficient to ensure reasonable equality of air flow through the tubular bars 15 and moreover the greater height of the wind box 8 also allows it prevent fuel from fall behind the appliance to the bottom of the chimney.

Claims (8)

1.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu avec échangeur de chaleur, muni d'une soufflante (11) adaptée à un tube de débit (10) qui débouche par une tubulure (9) dans une boîte à vent (8) portant des barreaux tubulaires (15), qui sont alimentés par la dite boîte à vent (8) et qui forment une grille horizontale échangeuse de chaleur, constituant le fond d'une corbeille à feu (3), lesdits barreaux tubulaires aboutissant à une rampe de sortie (18), caractérisé en ce que ladite rampe de sortie présente un profil en U dont le côté ouvert, rendu plus étroit par pincement des branches du U, est situé dans le prolongement des barreaux tubulaires (15) et constitue ainsi la sortie de l'air chaud, ladite rampe de sortie (18) étant ainsi apte à accélérer le flux d'air chaud en une nappe sensiblement horizontale dirigée à ras du sol.1.- Heating apparatus on open fire with heat exchanger, provided with a blower (11) adapted to a flow tube (10) which opens out through a tube (9) into a wind box (8) carrying bars tubular (15), which are supplied by said wind box (8) and which form a horizontal heat exchanger grid, constituting the bottom of a fire basket (3), said tubular bars ending in an outlet ramp ( 18), characterized in that said outlet ramp has a U-shaped profile, the open side of which, made narrower by pinching the branches of the U, is located in the extension of the tubular bars (15) and thus constitutes the outlet from the hot air, said outlet ramp (18) thus being able to accelerate the flow of hot air into a substantially horizontal sheet directed at ground level. 2.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la rampe de sortie (18) présente un profil en U dont la branche supérieure2.- An open fire heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet ramp (18) has a U-shaped profile, the upper branch (20) est inclinée vers le bas d'environ 20°. 3.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 et dans lequel les trous (12) par lesquels les barreaux tubulaires (15) débouchent dans la rampe de sortie (18) ont un diamètre inférieur à celui de la lumière desdits barreaux tubulaires, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre desdits trous (19) et la forme de ladite rampe de sortie (18) sont calculés pour que le flux d'air sortant desdits barreaux tubulaires subisse deux accélérations successives.(20) is inclined downwards by about 20 °. 3.- A naked flame heater according to one of claims 1 or 2 and wherein the holes (12) through which the tubular bars (15) open into the outlet ramp (18) have a diameter less than that of the lumen of said tubular bars, characterized in that the diameter of said holes (19) and the shape of said outlet ramp (18) are calculated so that the air flow leaving said tubular bars undergoes two successive accelerations. 4.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs des barreaux tubulaires (15) les plus proches de l'admission de l'air sont munis de déflecteurs (16) assurant l'égalité de débit par les différents barreaux tubulaires (15), lesdits déflecteurs (16) étant situés sur le trajet du courant d'air à l'intérieur de la boîte à vent (8) et faisant dévier une partie de celui-ci dans les barreaux tubulaires les plus proches de l'admission de l'air.4. A heating device with open fire according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one or more of the tubular bars (15) closest to the air intake are provided with deflectors (16 ) ensuring equal flow by the different tubular bars (15), said deflectors (16) being located on the path of the air flow inside the box wind (8) and deflecting part of it in the tubular bars closest to the air intake. 5.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les barreaux tubulaires (15) sont soudés à la boîte à vent (8) seulement dans deux régions (23, 24) diamétralement opposées de chaque barreau, de sorte qu'une légère fuite subsiste et favorise le tirage de la cheminée et la combustion des braises.5.- An open fire heater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tubular bars (15) are welded to the wind box (8) only in two regions (23, 24) diametrically opposite of each bar, so that a slight leak remains and promotes the draft of the chimney and the burning of embers. 6.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les barreaux tubulaires (15) sont soudés à la rampe de sortie (18) seulement dans deux régions diamétralement opposées de chaque barreau, de sorte qu'une légère fuite subsiste et favorise le tirage de la cheminée et la combustion des braises.6. An open-fire heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tubular bars (15) are welded to the outlet ramp (18) only in two diametrically opposite regions of each bar, so that a slight leak remains and promotes the draft of the chimney and the burning of embers. 7.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites régions où le barreau tubulaire (15) sont soudés à la boîte à vent ou à la rampe de sortie sont situées vers le dessus et vers le dessous desdits barreaux.7.- An open fire heater according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that said regions where the tubular bar (15) are welded to the wind box or to the outlet ramp are located towards the top and below said bars. 8.- Appareil de chauffage à feu nu suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la boîte à vent (8), de section transversale plus haute que large, reçoit dans sa partie latérale supérieure la tubulure (9), et porte à la partie inférieure de sa face antérieure les barreaux tubulaires (15).8.- An open fire heater according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wind box (8), of cross section higher than wide, receives in its upper lateral part the pipe (9 ), and carries at the lower part of its anterior face the tubular bars (15).
EP82870023A 1981-05-05 1982-05-04 Heating apparatus for an open fire with heat exchanger Withdrawn EP0064968A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8108923 1981-05-05
FR8108923A FR2505456A1 (en) 1981-05-05 1981-05-05 BRAKE-FIRE HEATING APPARATUS WITH HEAT EXCHANGER

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EP0064968A2 true EP0064968A2 (en) 1982-11-17
EP0064968A3 EP0064968A3 (en) 1983-05-25

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2532720B1 (en) * 1982-09-08 1987-04-24 Finot Francis FIREPLACE SUPPORT
DE19650742C1 (en) * 1996-12-06 1998-02-19 Metallgesellschaft Ag Water-cooled vibrating grate for solid fuel incinerator

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240206A (en) * 1965-03-09 1966-03-15 Keith M Schutt Fireplace grate
DE1954570A1 (en) * 1969-10-30 1971-05-06 Josef Christ Air duct for air conditioning
US4008704A (en) * 1975-06-10 1977-02-22 Petrie Henry W Universally adjustable forced air fireplace heater
US4078542A (en) * 1976-08-11 1978-03-14 Morton Metalcraft Co. Fireplace grate and blower
US4161168A (en) * 1978-01-27 1979-07-17 Cagle Donald D Fireplace grate
US4196715A (en) * 1977-11-07 1980-04-08 Shaw's Modular Fireplaces, Ltd. Fireplace converter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240206A (en) * 1965-03-09 1966-03-15 Keith M Schutt Fireplace grate
DE1954570A1 (en) * 1969-10-30 1971-05-06 Josef Christ Air duct for air conditioning
US4008704A (en) * 1975-06-10 1977-02-22 Petrie Henry W Universally adjustable forced air fireplace heater
US4078542A (en) * 1976-08-11 1978-03-14 Morton Metalcraft Co. Fireplace grate and blower
US4196715A (en) * 1977-11-07 1980-04-08 Shaw's Modular Fireplaces, Ltd. Fireplace converter
US4161168A (en) * 1978-01-27 1979-07-17 Cagle Donald D Fireplace grate

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EP0064968A3 (en) 1983-05-25
FR2505456B1 (en) 1984-12-21

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