EP0064213B1 - Elektrochemische Speicherzelle beziehungsweise -batterie - Google Patents

Elektrochemische Speicherzelle beziehungsweise -batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0064213B1
EP0064213B1 EP82103299A EP82103299A EP0064213B1 EP 0064213 B1 EP0064213 B1 EP 0064213B1 EP 82103299 A EP82103299 A EP 82103299A EP 82103299 A EP82103299 A EP 82103299A EP 0064213 B1 EP0064213 B1 EP 0064213B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
titanium
storage cell
cell wall
light metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82103299A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0064213A2 (de
EP0064213A3 (en
Inventor
Stefan Dr. Mennicke
Karl Reiss
Kurt Liebermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany
Original Assignee
Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany filed Critical Brown Boveri und Cie AG Germany
Publication of EP0064213A2 publication Critical patent/EP0064213A2/de
Publication of EP0064213A3 publication Critical patent/EP0064213A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0064213B1 publication Critical patent/EP0064213B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrochemical storage cell or battery according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Storage cells of the above-mentioned type offer a considerable design simplification by using the cell wall as a current collector.
  • Another advantage here is the use of light metal for the cell walls, which gives the storage cells or batteries a high power density.
  • Aluminum is preferably used for the production of the cell housing.
  • a major disadvantage here, however, is that a non-conductive sulfide layer forms on the cell wall material, in particular through the sulfur or the sodium polysulfide melt.
  • an electrochemical storage cell with a metallic housing made of light metal is known.
  • its inner surfaces are coated with an alloy consisting of nickel and / or cobalt, which contain an addition of chromium.
  • DE-OS 2814905 describes an electrochemical storage cell with a light metal housing, on the inner surfaces of which a film of graphite, titanium, a titanium alloy, zirconium, a zirconium alloy or molybdenum is glued to protect against corrosion.
  • an electrochemical storage cell which has a current collector, the core of which is made of aluminum.
  • a nickel / chromium alloy serving as an intermediate layer and having a titanium oxide coating is first applied to the outer surface of this current collector.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating an electrochemical memory cell with a light metal housing, the surface of which can be chemically changed with little expenditure of material and time, so that a conductive layer forms on the metal housing wall under operating conditions of the memory cell.
  • the applied metal coating has a thickness that does not exceed 11 m.
  • the way to achieve the desired surface modification is by ion implantation.
  • the plasma-assisted CVD process can be used to coat the cell wall.
  • the metal coating can also be achieved using the PVD process.
  • the figure shows the memory cell 1 according to the invention with a cup-shaped body 2 made of light metal, a solid electrolyte 3 and a current collector 4.
  • the cup-shaped body is made of aluminum.
  • the cup-shaped solid electrolyte 3 is arranged inside the cup-shaped body 2. This is a beta aluminum oxide tube that is closed on one side.
  • the dimensions of the solid electrolyte 3 are selected such that there is a minimum distance of a few mm between its outer boundary surfaces and the inner boundary surfaces of the cup-shaped body 2, so that a coherent space 7 is thereby formed.
  • the interior of the solid electrolyte 3 serves as an anode space 8, in which the alkali metal, in particular the sodium, is inserted.
  • the inside of the solid electrolyte 3 can additionally be filled with a capillary-active material, in particular a metal felt or a metal wool, which is not impregnated with the alkali metal.
  • the amount of sodium filled in the solid electrolyte 3 is selected so that the lower and lateral boundary surface of the solid electrolyte is wetted by the sodium during the entire discharge process of the memory cell.
  • the current collector 4 projects into the interior of the solid electrolyte 3. This is a graphite rod which is passed through the cover plate 9 of the memory cell and projects a few mm beyond it.
  • the space 7 remaining between the metal housing 2 and the solid electrolyte 3 serves as the cathode space in the exemplary embodiment described here.
  • the metal housing 2 serves as a cathodic current collector.
  • the inside of the cathode compartment 7 is filled with a graphite felt which is impregnated with sulfur.
  • the inner surfaces of the cup-shaped body 2 are provided with a metal coating 10 insofar as they are in contact with the catholyte substance. It is here at around a very thin layer, the maximum thickness of which is 1 Ilm.
  • titanium was applied as a metal coating 10 to the inner surfaces of the cup-shaped metal housing 2. The titanium was applied in a gas discharge, the gas pressure being approximately 0.1 millibars. The coating was carried out over a period of one to two minutes.
  • the cup-shaped body 2 is made of aluminum 99.5 in the example described here.
  • the coating it was switched in the direct voltage discharge as a cathode with a potential of -3.0 to -3.5 kV.
  • the titanium layer applied in the above-mentioned time has a maximum thickness of 111 m.
  • a conductive titanium sulfide layer or a titanium / aluminum mixed sulfide layer forms under operating conditions.
  • the formation of an aluminum sulfide layer is almost completely ruled out in the memory cell described here. If, due to the very thinly applied titanium layer, aluminum sulfide layers are formed in some areas, the conductivity of the metal housing serving as current collector is influenced only slightly or not at all.
  • the memory cell shown in FIG. 1 and explained in the associated description can also be operated if the cathode space is arranged inside the solid electrolyte and the anode space between the metal housing and the solid electrolyte.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
EP82103299A 1981-05-02 1982-04-20 Elektrochemische Speicherzelle beziehungsweise -batterie Expired EP0064213B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813117381 DE3117381A1 (de) 1981-05-02 1981-05-02 "elektrochemische speicherzelle beziehungsweise -batterie"
DE3117381 1981-05-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0064213A2 EP0064213A2 (de) 1982-11-10
EP0064213A3 EP0064213A3 (en) 1983-03-09
EP0064213B1 true EP0064213B1 (de) 1986-08-27

Family

ID=6131284

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82103299A Expired EP0064213B1 (de) 1981-05-02 1982-04-20 Elektrochemische Speicherzelle beziehungsweise -batterie

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4414296A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0064213B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5812269A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3117381A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3150702C2 (de) * 1981-12-21 1985-08-29 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrochemischen Speicherzelle sowie eine nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Speicherzelle
DE3340264A1 (de) * 1983-11-08 1985-05-15 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrochemische speicherzelle
US4497882A (en) * 1984-02-06 1985-02-05 Ford Motor Company Method of preparing an article which is resistant to corrosive attack by molten polysulfide salts
DE3615240A1 (de) * 1986-05-06 1987-11-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Elektrochemische speicherzelle
DE3742608A1 (de) * 1987-12-16 1989-06-29 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrochemische speicherzelle

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3749603A (en) * 1972-04-17 1973-07-31 Dow Chemical Co Alkali metal/sulfur battery having a cathodic current collector coated with molybdenum disulfide
DE2457418B2 (de) * 1974-12-05 1981-01-15 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrochemische Speicherzelle bzw. Batterie
GB1582845A (en) * 1976-11-22 1981-01-14 Chloride Silent Power Ltd Electrochemical cells
GB1592063A (en) * 1978-05-08 1981-07-01 Chloride Silent Power Ltd Sodium sulphur cells
DE2720726C3 (de) * 1977-05-07 1980-12-18 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrochemische Alkali-Schwefel-Speicherzelle bzw. -Batterie
US4110516A (en) * 1977-06-15 1978-08-29 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Sodium-sulfur cell casing
US4232098A (en) * 1978-03-22 1980-11-04 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Sodium-sulfur cell component protected by a high chromium alloy and method for forming
DE2814905C2 (de) * 1978-04-06 1982-12-30 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrochemische Speicherzelle bzw. -Batterie
US4234668A (en) * 1978-04-20 1980-11-18 General Electric Company Composite sulfur electrode container and method of manufacture
US4216275A (en) * 1978-06-13 1980-08-05 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag Electrochemical storage cell or battery
DE2906802C2 (de) * 1979-02-22 1986-07-03 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Vorbehandlung von Leichtmetallen vor dem Löten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3117381C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-04-07
JPS5812269A (ja) 1983-01-24
DE3117381A1 (de) 1982-11-18
US4414296A (en) 1983-11-08
EP0064213A2 (de) 1982-11-10
EP0064213A3 (en) 1983-03-09

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