EP0062750B1 - Method for the dispersal of subcharges from a carrier missile - Google Patents

Method for the dispersal of subcharges from a carrier missile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0062750B1
EP0062750B1 EP82101490A EP82101490A EP0062750B1 EP 0062750 B1 EP0062750 B1 EP 0062750B1 EP 82101490 A EP82101490 A EP 82101490A EP 82101490 A EP82101490 A EP 82101490A EP 0062750 B1 EP0062750 B1 EP 0062750B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
distribution unit
distribution
munitions
ejection
individual sub
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Expired
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EP82101490A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0062750A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Fischer
Heinz Kroschel
Joachim Nicodemus
Willi Dr. Petters
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Publication of EP0062750A1 publication Critical patent/EP0062750A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for distributing submunitions according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the distribution of submunitions using carrier missiles is generally known.
  • the submunition can be mines, bomblets, daughter levels, interfering bodies or the like. act. Rockets in particular are considered as carrier missiles, but also grenades, for example.
  • the warheads of the launchers or the grenades above the target area are generally dismantled in various ways and all individual bodies or individuals of submunition are released immediately.
  • This distribution unit has a payload carrier plate with a plurality of pivotally attached ejection tubes containing the ejection bodies, which are spread apart before the distribution.
  • the distribution unit can be braked before the release of the ejection bodies by additional braking measures, for example by means of a brake parachute or by airbrakes, so that it sinks vertically downwards.
  • the distribution unit can still be connected to the remaining rocket or can also be separated from it and transferred to the vertical path on its own.
  • EP-A-0 020 226 describes an arrangement in which the distribution unit is not housed in the carrier missile, but rather is latched onto it, so that the distribution unit is not ejected from the carrier missile.
  • the submunition individuals housed in the bomb-like distribution unit are released one after the other by pulling each individual out of the distribution unit by means of a special parachute.
  • corresponding piezoelectric detectors are additionally assigned to each individual.
  • a warhead for a powered missile in which a distribution unit is arranged within a casing tube.
  • This has a central center tube with an ignition tube arranged therein.
  • launching tubes are attached via articulated connections, each of which contains an individual of submunition. After the distribution unit has been ejected from the jacket tube, the launch tubes are spread apart and the individuals of the submunition are simultaneously ejected from them.
  • the invention is based, in particular to avoid the above disadvantages, ie. to carry out a method for distributing submunition in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that, using a distribution unit which is as simple as possible, nevertheless achieve a perfect separation of the individuals of the submunition accommodated therein.
  • This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1. This ensures that the individual individuals are not only not impaired in their functional reliability when they are released, but also an approximately equal distribution of the individuals on the ground is achieved.
  • the distribution unit is preferably ejected in the direction of flight of the carrier missile. The defined guidance during the ejection movement can e.g.
  • the distribution units designed as cylindrical or tubular bodies are guided like bullets in corresponding tubular ejection devices of the carrier missile.
  • the distribution units can be ejected from individual tubes or also in a row one behind the other and / or side by side, each in an ejection tube, if necessary via a sabot. Guided tours in the manner of start rails are also possible.
  • the distribution units are provided with aerodynamic stabilization devices, for example guide surfaces, in order to avoid undefined flight movements. They initially move on the same trajectory at a distance from each other de at least one distribution unit and the rest of the carrier missile are then delayed differently ballistically. If, for example, the rest of the carrier missile has a much smaller mass than the distribution unit, then it can be braked sufficiently more by this alone and can thus be deflected downward from its original trajectory. However, it is preferably provided that the distribution unit is provided with a braking device which has a stabilizing effect at the same time, so that the distribution unit is decelerated more and is thereby deflected downward and the carrier missile largely flies over the distribution unit on the ballistic path of the original missile.
  • aerodynamic stabilization devices for example guide surfaces
  • the distance of the distribution unit from the carrier missile generated by the defined primary output from the carrier missile and its braking are coordinated with one another in such a way that the distribution unit remains at a sufficient distance from the carrier missile during the re-approach caused by the braking. Subsequently, the individuals of the submunition can be expelled from the distribution unit according to the invention and thus released for individual distribution in the secondary output. In this way, possible collisions of the remaining parts of the carrier missile with the distribution unit and also with the submunition are excluded and reproducible ballistic conditions are achieved.
  • the known distribution methods also cause the individuals to accumulate at the release point when the ammunition is released immediately from the carrier missile. This significantly increases the likelihood of the individual colliding with one another and with parts of the disassembled carrier missile. This disadvantage is also avoided if the submunition is accommodated in several distribution units, the number of which is correspondingly smaller than the number of individuals.
  • the individuals of the submunition are arranged one behind the other in the distribution unit in a stack or column-like manner and, depending on the direction of ejection from the distribution unit, are preferably inserted in such a way that they do not have to roll over after being ejected, for example, in order to assume their intended position during the flight .
  • the secondary ejection from the distribution unit can take place in its flight direction.
  • the individuals of the submunition are preferably expelled from the distribution unit counter to the direction of flight or these are withdrawn to the front, so to speak.
  • the distribution unit is additionally accelerated in the direction of flight, while the individuals of the submunition are decelerated.
  • the speed of the distribution unit is greatly increased, so that a clear distance is again generated between the distribution unit and the submunition. Due to the subsequent different ballistic delay, the trajectories of both components then diverge in such a way that a collision is not to be feared in the further course of the distribution process.
  • the double ejection offers carrier missiles flying at supersonic speed the possibility, according to claim 4, to achieve an optimal deceleration of the distribution unit on the one hand and the individuals of submunition on the other hand by the distribution unit z. B. is delayed with a brake parachute designed for supersonic speed, while the individuals z. B. delayed with subsonic brake parachutes so that they do not exceed a proposed impact speed on the ground.
  • a directed impact on the ground is achieved with correspondingly defined loading directions for which the submunition can be designed.
  • the random distribution of the submunition individuals can, depending on the requirements, for. B. through asymmetrical openings in the braking case screens can be extended to a larger area.
  • the distribution unit 2 is ejected after an ignition pulse from a time fuse or a distance fuse which responds to the distance from the ground by means of a pyrotechnic ejection charge.
  • the ogive 3 is blown off beforehand or simultaneously with the ejection.
  • the distribution unit 2, which is stabilized by means of the supersonic screen 4 and, like the carrier missile 1, moves on a defined trajectory, is immediately after the ejection process, i.e. shown near the carrier missile 1.
  • the distance between the two bodies is initially increased until the retarding effect of the parachute 4 predominates and the distribution unit 2 swings into a trajectory according to FIG. 2.
  • the remaining carrier missile 1 flies over the distribution unit at a sufficient distance so that collisions are impossible.
  • the secondary output is shown in FIG. 1 after the distribution unit 2 is braked to subsonic speed.
  • the submunition here five mines 5
  • the submunition is ejected against the direction of flight again with the aid of a pyrotechnic charge from the distribution envelope 2 ′′ closed at its front end 2 ′ after a predetermined delay time from the primary emission.
  • the time delay can be pyrotechnic, mechanical or electronic
  • the brake parachute 4 is also separated.
  • the leads 5 arranged in the distribution cover 2 ′′ as a dense stack with their subsonic parachute 6 are isolated by the strong successive braking and finally float stabilized and braked according to FIG. 4 and almost equally distributed to the ground present elevation, the distribution of the mines 5 on the ground can be influenced.

Description

Die Erfindung befasst sich mit einem Verfahren zum Verteilen von Submunition entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for distributing submunitions according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Verteilung von Submunition mittels Trägerflugkörpern ist allgemein bekannt. Bei der Submunition kann es sich um Minen, Bomblets, Tochtergeschosse, Störkörper od.dgl. handeln. Als Trägerflugkörper kommen insbesondere Raketen, aber beispielsweise auch Granaten in Frage. Bei den bisherigen technischen Lösungen werden im allgemeinen die Gefechtsköpfe der Trägerraketen bzw. die Granaten über dem Zielgebiet auf verschiedene Art zerlegt und alle Einzelkörper oder Individuen der Submunition unmittelbar freigegeben.The distribution of submunitions using carrier missiles is generally known. The submunition can be mines, bomblets, daughter levels, interfering bodies or the like. act. Rockets in particular are considered as carrier missiles, but also grenades, for example. In the previous technical solutions, the warheads of the launchers or the grenades above the target area are generally dismantled in various ways and all individual bodies or individuals of submunition are released immediately.

Die in den letzten Jahren zunehmend höheren taktischen und technischen Forderungen an die verschiedenen Arten der Submunition führten zu immer komplexeren Ausführungen mit Elektroniken und elektromechanischen Sensoren. Diese Submunitionen sind zwangsläufig störanfälliger gegen hohe mechanische Belastungen, wie sie bei den bekannten Vorteilmethoden auftreten.The increasingly high tactical and technical demands placed on the various types of submunition in recent years have led to increasingly complex designs with electronics and electromechanical sensors. These submunitions are inevitably more susceptible to interference from high mechanical loads, such as occur with the known advantage methods.

Aus der DE-A-2 153 994 ist es weiterhin bekannt, Submunition oder allgemeiner Auswurfkörper im Gefechtskopf einer Rakete anzuordnen, der mit einer speziellen Verteileinheit versehen ist. Diese Verteileinheit weist eine Nutzlastträgerplatte mit mehreren schwenkbar daran angebrachten, die Auswurfkörper enthaltenden Ausstossrohren auf, welche vor der Verteilung auseinander gespreizt werden. Um eine kreisförmige Verteilung der Auswurfkörper am Boden zu erreichen, kann die Verteileinheit vor der Freigabe der Auswurfkörper durch zusätzliche Bremsmassnahmen etwa mittels eines Bremsfallschirmes oder durch Bremsklappen im Fluge so abgebremst werden, dass sie senkrecht nach unten sinkt. Dabei kann die Verteileinheit noch mit der restlichen Rakete verbunden oder auch von dieser abgetrennt sein und für sich allein in die senkrechte Bahn überführt werden.From DE-A-2 153 994 it is also known to arrange submunitions or general ejection bodies in the warhead of a missile, which is provided with a special distribution unit. This distribution unit has a payload carrier plate with a plurality of pivotally attached ejection tubes containing the ejection bodies, which are spread apart before the distribution. In order to achieve a circular distribution of the ejection bodies on the ground, the distribution unit can be braked before the release of the ejection bodies by additional braking measures, for example by means of a brake parachute or by airbrakes, so that it sinks vertically downwards. In this case, the distribution unit can still be connected to the remaining rocket or can also be separated from it and transferred to the vertical path on its own.

Wie sich jedoch gezeigt hat, ist auch mit dieser Methode noch keine unter allen Umständen befriedigende Verteilung zu erreichen. Wird der gesamte Trägerflugkörper abgebremst, so ist für die Bremsmassnahmen ein unerwünscht grosser Aufwand erforderlich. Wird die Verteileinheit vom restlichen Flugkörper abgetrennt, so kann es, wie gefunden wurde, im Verlauf der weiteren Bewegung beider Körper zu Kollisionen zwischen diesen kommen, welche die definierte Freigabe der Submunition oder Auswurfkörper verhindern und zu unerwünschten zusätzlichen Belastungen führen. Die Folge hiervon kann eine reduzierte Funktionszuverlässigkeit der Submunition sein.However, as has been shown, even with this method it is still not possible to achieve a distribution that is satisfactory under all circumstances. If the entire carrier missile is braked, an undesirably large amount of effort is required for the braking measures. If the distribution unit is separated from the rest of the missile, it has been found that during the further movement of the two bodies there can be collisions between them, which prevent the defined release of the submunition or ejection body and lead to undesired additional loads. The consequence of this can be a reduced functional reliability of the submunition.

In der EP-A-0 020 226 wird eine Anordnung beschrieben, bei welcher die Verteileinheit nicht in dem Trägerflugkörper untergebracht, sondern an diesen angeklinkt ist, so dass kein Ausstoss der Verteileinheit aus dem Trägerflugkörper erfolgt. Die in der bombenartigen Verteileinheit untergebrachten Individuen der Submunition werden nacheinander freigegeben, indem jedes Individuum mittels eines besonderen Ziehfallschirmes aus der Verteileinheit herausgezogen wird. Zur Durchtrennung der dabei zwischen den einzelnen Individuen noch vorgesehenen Verbindungsleinen sind zusätzlich ausserdem entsprechende piezoelektrische Detektoren jedem Individuum zugeordnet.EP-A-0 020 226 describes an arrangement in which the distribution unit is not housed in the carrier missile, but rather is latched onto it, so that the distribution unit is not ejected from the carrier missile. The submunition individuals housed in the bomb-like distribution unit are released one after the other by pulling each individual out of the distribution unit by means of a special parachute. To separate the connecting lines still provided between the individual individuals, corresponding piezoelectric detectors are additionally assigned to each individual.

Aus der DE-B-1 208 220 ist schliesslich noch ein Gefechtskopf für einen angetriebenen Flugkörper bekannt, bei dem innerhalb eines Mantelrohres eine Verteileinheit angeordnet ist. Diese weist ein zentrales Mittelrohr mit darin angeordnetem Zündrohr auf. An dem Mittelrohr sind aussenseitig über gelenkartige Verbindungen Abschussrohre angebracht, die je ein Individuum der Submunition enthalten. Nachdem die Verteileinheit aus dem Mantelrohr ausgestossen ist, werden die Abschussrohre abgespreizt und die Individuen der Submunition aus diesen gleichzeitig ausgestossen.Finally, from DE-B-1 208 220 a warhead for a powered missile is known, in which a distribution unit is arranged within a casing tube. This has a central center tube with an ignition tube arranged therein. On the outside of the center tube, launching tubes are attached via articulated connections, each of which contains an individual of submunition. After the distribution unit has been ejected from the jacket tube, the launch tubes are spread apart and the individuals of the submunition are simultaneously ejected from them.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, insbesondere die vorstehenden Nachteile zu vermeiden, dh. ein Verfahren zum Verteilen von Submunition entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 so durchzuführen, dass mittels einer möglichst einfach aufgebauten Verteileinheit dennoch eine einwandfreie Vereinzelung der in dieser untergebrachten Individuen der Submunition zu erreichen.The invention is based, in particular to avoid the above disadvantages, ie. to carry out a method for distributing submunition in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that, using a distribution unit which is as simple as possible, nevertheless achieve a perfect separation of the individuals of the submunition accommodated therein.

Diese Aufgabe wird entsprechend dem Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Damit ist gewährleistet, dass die einzelnen Individuen bei der Freigabe nicht nur nicht in ihrer Funktionszuverlässigkeit beeinträchtigt werden, sondern auch annähernd eine Gleichverteilung der Individuen am Boden erreicht wird. Dabei wird durch das definierte Ausstossen der einen oder mehreren Verteileinheiten aus dem Trägerflugkörper nach Erreichen des ballistisch bestimmten Zerlegungspunktes über dem Zielgebiet ein so grosser Abstand zwischen den Verteileinheiten und dem verbleibenden Teil des Trägerflugkörpers erzeugt, dass Kollisionen zwischen den Verteileinheiten und dem Trägerflugkörper und dadurch bedingte Störungen in der Verteilung der Submunition am Boden zuverlässig vermieden werden. Der Ausstoss der Verteileinheit erfolgt bevorzugt in Flugrichtung des Trägerflugkörpers. Die definierte Führung während der Ausstossbewegung kann z.B. erreicht werden, indem die als zylindrische oder rohrförmige Körper ausgebildeten Verteileinheiten in entsprechenden rohrförmigen Ausstosseinrichtungen des Trägerflugkörpers geschossartig geführt sind. Dabei können die Verteileinheiten aus Einzelrohren oder auch zu mehreren hinter- und/oder nebeneinander in jeweils einem Ausstossrohr angeordnet, ggf. über Treibspiegel, ausgestossen werden. Auch Führungen nach Art von Startschienen sind möglich.This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1. This ensures that the individual individuals are not only not impaired in their functional reliability when they are released, but also an approximately equal distribution of the individuals on the ground is achieved. The defined ejection of the one or more distribution units from the carrier missile, after reaching the ballistically determined disassembly point above the target area, creates such a large distance between the distribution units and the remaining part of the carrier missile that collisions between the distribution units and the carrier missile and the resulting disturbances in the distribution of submunitions on the ground can be reliably avoided. The distribution unit is preferably ejected in the direction of flight of the carrier missile. The defined guidance during the ejection movement can e.g. can be achieved in that the distribution units designed as cylindrical or tubular bodies are guided like bullets in corresponding tubular ejection devices of the carrier missile. The distribution units can be ejected from individual tubes or also in a row one behind the other and / or side by side, each in an ejection tube, if necessary via a sabot. Guided tours in the manner of start rails are also possible.

Die Verteileinheiten sind mit aerodynamischen Stabilisierungseinrichtungen, beispielsweise Leitflächen, versehen, um undefinierte Flugbewegungen zu vermeiden. Die sich anfänglich auf gleicher Flugbahn im Abstand voneinander bewegende wenigstens eine Verteileinheit und der restliche Trägerflugkörper werden dann unterschiedlich ballistisch verzögert. Hat beispielsweise der restliche Trägerflugkörper eine sehr viel geringere Masse als die Verteileinheit, so kann er allein dadurch hinreichend stärker abgebremst und damit aus seiner ursprünglichen Flugbahn nach unten ausgelenkt werden. Bevorzugt ist jedoch vorgesehen, die Verteileinheit mit einer gleichzeitig stabilisierend wirkenden Bremseinrichtung zu versehen, so dass die Verteileinheit stärker verzögert und dadurch nach unten ausgelenkt wird und der Trägerflugkörper weitgehend auf der ballistischen Bahn des ursprünglichen Flugkörpers die Verteileinheit überfliegt. Dabei sind der durch den definierten Primärausstoss aus dem Trägerflugkörper erzeugte Abstand der Verteileinheit von diesem und ihre Abbremsung so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die Verteileinheit bei der durch die Abbremsung bedingten Wiederannäherung dennoch in einem ausreichenden, d.h. Kollisionen ausschliessenden Abstand vom Trägerflugkörper verbleibt. Anschliessend daran können die Individuen der Submunition aus der Verteileinheit erfindungsgemäss ausgestossen und damit im Sekundärausstoss zur individuellen Verteilung freigegeben werden. Auf diese Weise werden mögliche Kollisionen der restlichen Teile des Trägerflugkörpers mit der Verteileinheit und auch mit der Submunition ausgeschlossen und reproduzierbare ballistische Verhältnisse erzielt.The distribution units are provided with aerodynamic stabilization devices, for example guide surfaces, in order to avoid undefined flight movements. They initially move on the same trajectory at a distance from each other de at least one distribution unit and the rest of the carrier missile are then delayed differently ballistically. If, for example, the rest of the carrier missile has a much smaller mass than the distribution unit, then it can be braked sufficiently more by this alone and can thus be deflected downward from its original trajectory. However, it is preferably provided that the distribution unit is provided with a braking device which has a stabilizing effect at the same time, so that the distribution unit is decelerated more and is thereby deflected downward and the carrier missile largely flies over the distribution unit on the ballistic path of the original missile. The distance of the distribution unit from the carrier missile generated by the defined primary output from the carrier missile and its braking are coordinated with one another in such a way that the distribution unit remains at a sufficient distance from the carrier missile during the re-approach caused by the braking. Subsequently, the individuals of the submunition can be expelled from the distribution unit according to the invention and thus released for individual distribution in the secondary output. In this way, possible collisions of the remaining parts of the carrier missile with the distribution unit and also with the submunition are excluded and reproducible ballistic conditions are achieved.

Bei schweren Trägerflugkörpern mit einer grösseren Anzahl von Individuen der Submunition erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, die Individuen der Submunition in mehreren Verteileinheiten unterzubringen, die ihrerseits als Sekundärkörper im Trägerflugkörper neben- und/oder hintereinander angeordnet sind. Ihre Anzahl ist klein im Verhältnis zur Gesamtzahl der Individuen je Trägerflugkörper. Dadurch wird beim Primärausstoss entsprechend den statistischen Gesetzmässigkeiten annähernd eine Gleichverteilung der Verteileinheiten je Trägerflugkörper erreicht, die eine der Ausstosshöhe entsprechende Ausdehnung besitzt. Ist nun auch die Zahl der Individuen je Verteileinheit niedrig, so wird auch beim Sekundärausstoss, bezogen auf die einzelne Verteileinheit, eine mehr oder weniger vollkommene Gleichverteilung erreicht. Da der zweite Ausstosspunkt tiefer liegt als der erste, überlagert sich die weniger ausgedehnte Gleichverteilung der Individuen je Verteileinheit der Gleichverteilung der Verteileinheiten in vorteilhafter Weise zu einer Gleichverteilung aller Individuen eines Trägerflugkörpers.In the case of heavy carrier missiles with a larger number of submunition individuals, it proves advantageous to accommodate the submunition individuals in a plurality of distribution units, which in turn are arranged next to and / or one behind the other as secondary bodies in the carrier missile. Their number is small in relation to the total number of individuals per carrier missile. As a result, approximately the same distribution of the distribution units per carrier missile is achieved with the primary output in accordance with the statistical laws, which has an expansion corresponding to the output height. If the number of individuals per distribution unit is also low, a more or less perfect uniform distribution is achieved with secondary output, based on the individual distribution unit. Since the second ejection point is lower than the first, the less extensive uniform distribution of the individuals per distribution unit advantageously overlaps the equal distribution of the distribution units to a uniform distribution of all individuals of a carrier missile.

Bei Trägerflugkörpern mit einer grösseren Anzahl von Individuen der Submunition kommt es darüber hinaus bei den bekannten Verteilverfahren beim unmittelbaren Freigeben der Saubmunition aus dem Trägerflugkörper zu einer Häufung der Individuen am Freigabepunkt. Hierdurch wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Kollision der Individuen untereinander und mit Teilen des zerlegten Trägerflugkörpers wesentlich erhöht. Auch dieser Nachteil wird vermieden, wenn die Submunition in mehreren Verteileinheiten untergebracht wird, deren Anzahl im Vergleich zur Individuenzahl entsprechend geringer ist.In the case of carrier missiles with a larger number of submunition individuals, the known distribution methods also cause the individuals to accumulate at the release point when the ammunition is released immediately from the carrier missile. This significantly increases the likelihood of the individual colliding with one another and with parts of the disassembled carrier missile. This disadvantage is also avoided if the submunition is accommodated in several distribution units, the number of which is correspondingly smaller than the number of individuals.

Die Individuen der Submunition sind in der Verteileinheit hintereinander stapel- oder säulenartig angeordnet und inAbhängigkeit von der Ausstossrichtung aus der Verteileinheit vorzugsweise in diese so orientiert eingesetzt, dass sie sich nach ihrem Ausstoss zum Beispiel nicht mehr überschlagen müssen, um ihre vorgesehene Position während des Fluges einzunehmehn. Der Sekundärausstoss aus der Verteileinheit kann in deren Flugrichtung erfolgen. Bevorzugt werden jedoch nach Anspruch 2 die Individuen der Submunition entgegen der Flugrichtung aus der Verteileinheit ausgestossen oder diese sozusagen nach vorn abgezogen. Dabei wird die Verteileinheit in Flugrichtung zusätzlich beschleunigt, während die Individuen der Submunition verzögert werden. Aufgrund der im allgemeinen sehr viel kleineren Masse der Verteileinheit im Vergleich zur Submunition wird die Geschwindigkeit der Verteileinheit stark erhöht, so dass auch hier wieder ein deutlicher Abstand zwischen der Verteileinheit und der Submunition erzeugt wird. Aufgrund der anschliessenden unterschiedlichen ballistischen Verzögerung divergieren die Flugbahnen beider Komponenten dann derart, dass auch im weiteren Verlauf des Verteilvorgangs eine Kollision nicht zu befürchten ist.The individuals of the submunition are arranged one behind the other in the distribution unit in a stack or column-like manner and, depending on the direction of ejection from the distribution unit, are preferably inserted in such a way that they do not have to roll over after being ejected, for example, in order to assume their intended position during the flight . The secondary ejection from the distribution unit can take place in its flight direction. However, according to claim 2, the individuals of the submunition are preferably expelled from the distribution unit counter to the direction of flight or these are withdrawn to the front, so to speak. The distribution unit is additionally accelerated in the direction of flight, while the individuals of the submunition are decelerated. Due to the generally much smaller mass of the distribution unit compared to the submunition, the speed of the distribution unit is greatly increased, so that a clear distance is again generated between the distribution unit and the submunition. Due to the subsequent different ballistic delay, the trajectories of both components then diverge in such a way that a collision is not to be feared in the further course of the distribution process.

Ein weiterer Nachteil der bisherigen Verteilverfahren besteht darin, dass bei der Freigabe der Submunition im allgemeinen unmittelbar danach zu hohe Fluggeschwindigkeiten vorliegen. Die damit verbundenen mechanischen Belastungen, die bei der Freigabe stossartig auftreten, können zu einer Gefährdung der elektronischen und elektromechanischen Bauteile moderner Submunition führen und somit deren Funktionszuverlässigkeit zusätzlich zur Kollisionsgefahr noch weiter einschränken. Nach einem weiteren im Anspruch 3 angegebenen Vorschlag der Erfindung ist daher vorgesehen, die Verteileinheiten vor dem Sekundärausstoss so weit abzubremsen, dass die Submunition ohne Gefahr einer Beschädigung durch die infolge der Luftanströmung auftretenden Belastungen ausgestossen werden kann.Another disadvantage of the previous distribution methods is that when the submunition is released, the flight speeds are generally too high immediately afterwards. The associated mechanical loads, which occur abruptly when released, can endanger the electronic and electromechanical components of modern submunitions and thus further limit their reliability in addition to the risk of collision. According to a further proposal of the invention specified in claim 3, provision is therefore made to brake the distribution units before the secondary ejection to such an extent that the submunition can be ejected without the risk of damage due to the loads occurring as a result of the air flow.

Der Doppelausstoss bietet bei mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit fliegenden Trägerflugkörpern weiterhin die Möglichkeit, entsprechend Anspruch 4 eine optimale Verzögerung der Verteileinheit einerseits und der Individuen der Submunition andererseits zu erreichen, indem die Verteileinheit z. B. mit einem für Überschallgeschwindigkeit ausgelegten Bremsfallschirm verzögert wird, während die Individuen z. B. mit für Unterschallgeschwindigkeiten ausgelegten Bremsfallschirmen so verzögert werden, dass sie eine vorgesehene Aufschlaggeschwindigkeit auf den Boden nicht überschreiteh. Dadurch wird weiterhin ein gerichtetes Auftreffen auf den Boden mit entsprechenden definierten Belastungsrichtungen erreicht, für welche die Submunition ausgelegt werden kann. Die Zufallsverteilung der Individuen der Submunition kann je nach den Erfordernissen z. B. durch asymmetrische Öffnungen in den Bremsfallschirmen auf eine grössere Fläche ausgedehnt werden.The double ejection offers carrier missiles flying at supersonic speed the possibility, according to claim 4, to achieve an optimal deceleration of the distribution unit on the one hand and the individuals of submunition on the other hand by the distribution unit z. B. is delayed with a brake parachute designed for supersonic speed, while the individuals z. B. delayed with subsonic brake parachutes so that they do not exceed a proposed impact speed on the ground. As a result, a directed impact on the ground is achieved with correspondingly defined loading directions for which the submunition can be designed. The random distribution of the submunition individuals can, depending on the requirements, for. B. through asymmetrical openings in the braking case screens can be extended to a larger area.

Der Ablauf des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens ist in der Zeichnung in vier verschiedenen Phasen beispielhaft gezeigt und wird anhand dieser nachstehend näher erläutert.The sequence of the method according to the invention is shown by way of example in the drawing in four different phases and is explained in more detail below with reference to these.

In der Fig. 1 ist der Primärausstoss gezeigt, nachdem der Trägerflugkörper 1 mit der die Submunition enthaltenden hülsenförmigen Verteileinheit 2 den ballistisch bestimmten Ausstosspunkt über den Zielgebiet erreicht hat. Der Ausstoss der Verteileinheit 2 erfolgt nach einem Zündimpuls von einem Zeitzünder oder einem auf die Bodenentfernung ansprechenden Abstandszünder mittels einer pyrotechnischen Ausstossladung. Die Ogive 3 wird zuvor bzw. gleichzeitig mit dem Ausstossen abgesprengt. Die mittels des Überschallschirmes 4 stabilisierte und sich ebenso wie der Trägerflugkörper 1 auf einer definierten Flugbahn bewegende Verteileinheit 2 ist unmittelbar nach dem Ausstossvorgang, d, h. noch nahe dem Trägerflugkörper 1 gezeigt.1 shows the primary output after the carrier missile 1 with the sleeve-shaped distribution unit 2 containing the submunition has reached the ballistic output point over the target area. The distribution unit 2 is ejected after an ignition pulse from a time fuse or a distance fuse which responds to the distance from the ground by means of a pyrotechnic ejection charge. The ogive 3 is blown off beforehand or simultaneously with the ejection. The distribution unit 2, which is stabilized by means of the supersonic screen 4 and, like the carrier missile 1, moves on a defined trajectory, is immediately after the ejection process, i.e. shown near the carrier missile 1.

Im Verlaufe der weiteren Bewegung wird der Abstand zwischen beiden Körpern zunächst vergrössert, bis die Verzögerungswirkung des Fallschirmes 4 überwiegt und die Verteileinheit 2 gemäss Fig. 2 in eine Flugbahn einschwenkt. Der restliche Trägerflugkörper 1 überfliegt die Verteileinheit im hinreichenden Abstand, so dass Kollisionen ausgeschlossen sind.In the course of the further movement, the distance between the two bodies is initially increased until the retarding effect of the parachute 4 predominates and the distribution unit 2 swings into a trajectory according to FIG. 2. The remaining carrier missile 1 flies over the distribution unit at a sufficient distance so that collisions are impossible.

In Fig. ist der Sekundärausstoss gezeigt, nachdem die Verteileinheit 2 auf Unterschallgeschwindigkeit abgebremst ist. Die Submunition, hier fünf Minen 5, wird nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmten Verzögerungszeit ab dem Primärausstoss wieder mit Hilfe einer pyrotechnischen Ladung aus der an ihrem vorderen Ende 2' geschlossenen Verteilhülle 2" entgegen der Flugrichtung ausgestossen. Die zeitliche Verzögerung kann auf pyrotechnischer, mechanischer oder elektronischer Basis bewirkt werden. Dabei wird der Bremsfallschirm 4 mit abgetrennt.The secondary output is shown in FIG. 1 after the distribution unit 2 is braked to subsonic speed. The submunition, here five mines 5, is ejected against the direction of flight again with the aid of a pyrotechnic charge from the distribution envelope 2 ″ closed at its front end 2 ′ after a predetermined delay time from the primary emission. The time delay can be pyrotechnic, mechanical or electronic The brake parachute 4 is also separated.

Die in der Verteilhülle 2" als dichter Stapel angeordneten Minen 5 mit ihrem Unterschallfallschirm 6 werden durch die starke nacheinander erfolgende Abbremsung vereinzelt und schweben schliesslich gemäss Fig. 4 stabilisiert und abgebremst annähernd in Gleichverteilung zu Boden. Durch Unsymmetrien an den Bremseinrichtungen 6 und die beim Sekundärausstoss vorliegende Elevation kann die Verteilung der Minen 5 am Boden beeinflusst werden.The leads 5 arranged in the distribution cover 2 ″ as a dense stack with their subsonic parachute 6 are isolated by the strong successive braking and finally float stabilized and braked according to FIG. 4 and almost equally distributed to the ground present elevation, the distribution of the mines 5 on the ground can be influenced.

Claims (4)

1. Process for the distribution of sub-munitions, in which there is arranged in a carrier flight body (1) at least one separate distribution unit (2) with individual sub-munitions (5) accommodated therein and the distribution unit (2) is finally ejectable from the carrier flight body (1) at a predetermined time, while being guided in this during the ejection motion, and being held spaced apart from this in a stable flight position when the carrier flight body (1) and the distribution unit (2) are being delayed differently, so that the flight paths of both diverge, and finally the individual sub-munitions (5) are ejected from the distribution unit (2), characterised in that the distribution unit (2) is constructed as cylindrical or tubular distribution dasing (2") and in this the individual sub-munitions (5) are arranged behind one another in stack or column manner while being provided each with a braking arrangement (6) and being ejectable with the aid of a pyrotechnic charge as a stack or column so that they are separated by means of the braking occurring in turn after the ejection from the distribution casing (2").
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the individual sub-munitions (5) are ejected from the distribution unit (2) opposite to the flight direction thereof.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the individual sub-munitions (5) are only ejected when the distribution unit (2) is braked to a speed which can be withstood by the individual sub-munitions (5).
4. Process according to claim 3, characterised in that the distribution unit (2) is braked before the ejection of the individual sub-munitions (5) with the aid of a braking arrangement (4) for the supersonic region down to preferably sub-sonic speed.
EP82101490A 1981-03-26 1982-02-26 Method for the dispersal of subcharges from a carrier missile Expired EP0062750B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE3111907 1981-03-26
DE19813111907 DE3111907A1 (en) 1981-03-26 1981-03-26 METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTING SUBMUNITION

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EP0062750A1 EP0062750A1 (en) 1982-10-20
EP0062750B1 true EP0062750B1 (en) 1987-05-13

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EP (1) EP0062750B1 (en)
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DE3276340D1 (en) 1987-06-19
EP0062750A1 (en) 1982-10-20
US4498393A (en) 1985-02-12
CA1216774A (en) 1987-01-20
DE3111907A1 (en) 1982-10-07

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