EP0274580B1 - Spin-stabilized carrier missile with at least two sub-projectiles - Google Patents

Spin-stabilized carrier missile with at least two sub-projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0274580B1
EP0274580B1 EP87114807A EP87114807A EP0274580B1 EP 0274580 B1 EP0274580 B1 EP 0274580B1 EP 87114807 A EP87114807 A EP 87114807A EP 87114807 A EP87114807 A EP 87114807A EP 0274580 B1 EP0274580 B1 EP 0274580B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
submunition
spin
projectile
sub
projectiles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87114807A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0274580A1 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Synofzik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority to AT87114807T priority Critical patent/ATE51703T1/en
Publication of EP0274580A1 publication Critical patent/EP0274580A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0274580B1 publication Critical patent/EP0274580B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48—Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/50—Brake flaps, e.g. inflatable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/58—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles
    • F42B12/62—Cluster or cargo ammunition, i.e. projectiles containing one or more submissiles the submissiles being ejected parallel to the longitudinal axis of the projectile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spin-stabilized carrier projectile with at least two submunition projectiles, as is defined in more detail by the preamble of claim 1.
  • Carrier projectiles are known, for example, from Flume: "Artillery ammunition: better effect at the target", Wehrtechnick 1985, Volume 10, pages 112 to 120.
  • the carrier floor is z. B. shot with the help of a gun.
  • the carrier projectile contains two or more target-detecting submunitions which are ejected from the projectile at a predetermined time. After this ejection process, the swirl is first reduced and the submunitions decelerated. The speed is usually braked with the help of a parachute and the swirl is reduced with the help of so-called swirl wings.
  • the swirl brake and the parachute required for speed reduction are blown off and another parachute opens, on which the submunition body glides to the ground and makes a rotating movement for scanning the target area.
  • the active part of the submunition is fired, so that, for example, a projectile-forming charge is generated which then hits the target.
  • a disadvantage of this known ammunition is above all that the submunitions fly relatively close to one another in the target area and therefore several submunitions hit a certain target, while other targets in the target area are not hit.
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop a spin-stabilized carrier projectile of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the submunitions are distributed over the largest possible target area in the predetermined target area.
  • Fig. 1 denotes a projectile which was fired, for example, by means of a gun, not shown.
  • This floor 1 contains z.
  • the braking elements 20 and 30 both reduce the speed of the submunitions 200 and 300 and reduce the swirl. As soon as both variables have dropped to a predetermined value, the braking elements 20 and 30 are repelled by the submunitions (not shown).
  • the brake elements 20 and 30 have different dimensions (outer diameter D1 and D2) and thus provide for a separation of the submunitions 200 and 300 due to the different air resistance. It is therefore possible, by suitable selection of the diameter of the brake elements 20 and 30, for the submunitions in the predetermined target area spread over a relatively large target area.
  • the submunitions can then be braked further, for example, by unfolding a parachute, and the target area can be scanned by the rotating movement of these bodies (cf. the individual Flume, "Artillery ammunition: better effect at the target”; Wehrtechnick 1985, Issue 10, p. 112) ff).
  • the submunition body 300 contains the actual active body 31, which contains, for example, a hollow charge
  • the housing 32 which handles the signal processing and a swing-out antenna (not shown) can contain and a detachable support structure 33, on which the brake disc 30, for example by means of screws 330, is attached.
  • the annular projection 331 of the support structure body 33 encloses the packaging space for the brake element 30.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of the brake disc according to the invention as shown in FIG. 2 viewed from the rear.
  • 36 is a hem band, which both has the task of preventing the brake disc from tearing in its edge region 35 during the high rotations of the projectile 300. Even more important is the task of the hem band 36 to ensure that a higher mass distribution prevails in the edge area 35 than in the remaining area of the fabric brake disc.
  • a further stability of the fabric brake disk 30 is achieved by additional belt straps 37, which are preferably arranged in a cross shape. As a result, the strength of the entire brake element 30 increases considerably.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

A spin stabilized carrier projectile having a longitudinal axis comprising: a projectile body; and at least two submunition bodies disposed in, and ejectable from, the projectile body, the submunition bodies being spaced along the axis, each submunition body having a folded, expandable deceleration means for reducing the velocity and spin of the submunition body upon ejection from the projectile body, the deceleration means including a sheet of material for producing air resistance, and the deceleration means having different dimensions for respectively different submunition bodies so that each respective submunition body is decelerated less than the submunition body disposed behind the respective submunition body.

Description

Die Efindung betrifft ein Drallstabilisiertes Trägergeschoß mit mindestens zwei Submunitionsgeschossen, wie es durch den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 näher definiert wird.The invention relates to a spin-stabilized carrier projectile with at least two submunition projectiles, as is defined in more detail by the preamble of claim 1.

Trägergeschosse sind beispielsweise aus Flume: "Artilleriemunition: Bessere Wirkung im Ziel", Wehrtechnick 1985, Band 10, Seite 112 bis 120 bekannt. Dabei wird das Trägergeschoß z. B. mit Hilfe eines Geschützes verschossen. Das Trägergeschoß enthält zwei oder mehrere zielerkennende Submunitionskörper, die zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt aus dem Geschoß ausgestoßen werden. Nach diesem Ausstoßvorgang erfolgt zunächst ein Drallabbau sowie eine Abbremsung der Submunitionskörper. Üblicherweise wird die Abbremsung der Geschwindigkeit mit Hilfe eines Fallschirmes vorgenommen und der Drall mit Hilfe sogenannter Drallflügel abgebaut. Sobald die Geschwindigkeit und der Drall der Submunitionskörper auf vorgegebene Werte reduziert ist, werden die Drallbremse und der zum Geschwindigkeitsabbau benötige Fallschirm abgesprengt und es öffnet sich ein weiterer Fallschirm, an dem der Submunitionskörper zur Erde gleitet und eine rotierende Bewegung zwecks Abscannen des Zielgebietes macht.Carrier projectiles are known, for example, from Flume: "Artillery ammunition: better effect at the target", Wehrtechnick 1985, Volume 10, pages 112 to 120. The carrier floor is z. B. shot with the help of a gun. The carrier projectile contains two or more target-detecting submunitions which are ejected from the projectile at a predetermined time. After this ejection process, the swirl is first reduced and the submunitions decelerated. The speed is usually braked with the help of a parachute and the swirl is reduced with the help of so-called swirl wings. As soon as the speed and the twist of the submunition body are reduced to predetermined values, the swirl brake and the parachute required for speed reduction are blown off and another parachute opens, on which the submunition body glides to the ground and makes a rotating movement for scanning the target area.

Sobald ein Ziel erkannt wird, erfolgt eine Zündung des Wirkteiles des Submunitionskörpers, so daß beispielsweise eine projektilbildende Ladung erzeugt wird, die dann das Ziel trifft. Nachteilig bei dieser bekannten Munition ist vor allem, daß die Submunitionskörper relative nahe beieinander in das Zielgebiet fliegen und daher mehrere Submunitionskörper ein bestimmtes Ziel treffen, während andere Ziele in dem Zielgebiet nicht getroffen werden.As soon as a target is recognized, the active part of the submunition is fired, so that, for example, a projectile-forming charge is generated which then hits the target. A disadvantage of this known ammunition is above all that the submunitions fly relatively close to one another in the target area and therefore several submunitions hit a certain target, while other targets in the target area are not hit.

Es is bereits vorgeschlagen worden, den Drallabbau und die Geschwindigkeitsabbremsung der Submunitionskörper mittels einer Gewebebremsscheibe vorzunehmen, wie sie in der Figurenbeschreibung näher erläutert wird.It has already been proposed to carry out the swirl reduction and the speed deceleration of the submunitions by means of a fabric brake disc, as is explained in more detail in the description of the figures.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein drallstabilisiertes Trägergeschoß der eingangs erwähnten Art derart weiterzuentwickeln, daß die Submunitionskörper in dem vorgegebenen Zielgebiet auf eine möglichst große Zielfläche verteilt werden.The object of the present invention is to further develop a spin-stabilized carrier projectile of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the submunitions are distributed over the largest possible target area in the predetermined target area.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch den kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1.

Nähere Einzelheiten und weitere Vorteile werden im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und mit Hilfe von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Further details and further advantages are explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with the aid of drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den zeitlichen Ablauf des Ausstoßvorganges von zwei Submunitionskörpern, die erfindungsgemäße Bremselemente besitzen;
  • Fig. 2 die Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Submunitionskörpers; und
  • Fig. 3 die Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Bremselement nach Fig. 2.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 shows the timing of the ejection of two submunitions that have braking elements according to the invention.
  • 2 shows the side view of a submunition body according to the invention; and
  • 3 shows the top view of an inventive braking element according to FIG. 2.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 ein Geschoß bezeichnet, das beispielsweise mittels eines nicht dargestellten Geschützes verschossen wurde. Diese Geschoß 1 enthält z. B. zwei zielerkennende Submunitionskörper, die zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt aus dem Geschoß 1 ausgestoßen werden. Nach diesem Ausstoßvorgang fliegen zunächst die Hülle 100, die Submunitionskörper 200 und 300 sowie der Boden 400 des Geschosses 1 hintereinander. Durch das Entfalten der Bremselemente 20 und 30 verringern die Submuni tionskörper 200 und 300 ihre Geschwindigkeit und bewegen sich auf einer anderen Flugbahn als die weiterfliegende Geschoßhülle 100.In Fig. 1, 1 denotes a projectile which was fired, for example, by means of a gun, not shown. This floor 1 contains z. B. two target-recognizing submunitions, which are ejected from the floor 1 at a predetermined time. After this ejection process, the casing 100, the submunitions 200 and 300 and the floor 400 of the projectile 1 fly one behind the other. By unfolding the brake elements 20 and 30, the submissions 200 and 300 reduce their speed and move on a different trajectory than the projectile shell 100.

Die Bremselemente 20 und 30 bewirken sowohl eine Geschwindigkeitsverminderung der Submunitionskörper 200 und 300 als auch eine Drallreduzierung. Sobald beide Größen auf einen vorgegebenen Wert abgesunken sind, werden die Bremselemente 20 und 30 von den Submunitionskörpern abgestoßen (nicht dargestellt).The braking elements 20 and 30 both reduce the speed of the submunitions 200 and 300 and reduce the swirl. As soon as both variables have dropped to a predetermined value, the braking elements 20 and 30 are repelled by the submunitions (not shown).

Erfindungsgemäß besitzen die Bremselemente 20 und 30 unterschiedliche Abmessungen (Außendurchmesser D1 und D2) und sorgen so durch den unterschiedlichen Luftwiderstand für eine Separierung der Submunitionskörper 200 und 300. Durch geeignete Durchmesserwahl der Bremselemente 20 und 30 ist es also möglich, in dem vorgegebenen Zielgebiet die Submunitionskörper auf eine relative große Zielfläche zu verteilen.According to the invention, the brake elements 20 and 30 have different dimensions (outer diameter D1 and D2) and thus provide for a separation of the submunitions 200 and 300 due to the different air resistance. It is therefore possible, by suitable selection of the diameter of the brake elements 20 and 30, for the submunitions in the predetermined target area spread over a relatively large target area.

Es kann dann beispielsweise durch Entfalten eines Fallschirmes ein weiteres Abbremsen der Submunitionskörper sowie durch die rotierende Bewegung dieser Körper ein Abscannen des Zielgebietes erfolgen (vgl. hierzu im einzelnen Flume , "Artilleriemunition: Bessere Wirkung im Ziel"; Wehrtechnick 1985, Heft 10, S 112 ff).The submunitions can then be braked further, for example, by unfolding a parachute, and the target area can be scanned by the rotating movement of these bodies (cf. the individual Flume, "Artillery ammunition: better effect at the target"; Wehrtechnick 1985, Issue 10, p. 112) ff).

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht des Submunitionskörpers 300 mit einem Schnitt im Bereich des Bremselementes 30. Außer dem Bremselement 30 enthält der Submunitionskörper 300 den eigentlichen Wirkkörper 31, der beispielsweise eine Hohlladung enthält, das Gehäuse 32, welches die Signalverarbeitung und eine nicht dargestellte ausschwenkbare Antenne enthalten kann und einen abtrennbaren Stützaufbau 33, an dem die Bremsscheibe 30, bei spielsweise mittels Schrauben 330, befestigt ist. Der ringförmige Vorsprung 331 des Stützaufbaukörpers 33 umschließt den Verpackungsraum für das Bremselement 30.2 shows a side view of the submunition body 300 with a section in the area of the braking element 30. In addition to the braking element 30, the submunition body 300 contains the actual active body 31, which contains, for example, a hollow charge, the housing 32, which handles the signal processing and a swing-out antenna (not shown) can contain and a detachable support structure 33, on which the brake disc 30, for example by means of screws 330, is attached. The annular projection 331 of the support structure body 33 encloses the packaging space for the brake element 30.

In Fig. 3 ist eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Bremsscheibe nach Fig. 2 vom Heck aus gesehen, wiedergegeben. Mit 36 ist ein Saumband bezeichnet, welches sowohl die Aufgabe hat zu verhindern, daß die Bremsscheibe bei den hohen Rotationen des Geschosses 300 in ihrem Randbereich 35 ausreißt. Noch wesentlicher ist allerdings die Aufgabe des Saumbandes 36, dafür zu sorgen, daß in dem Randbereich 35 eine höhere Massenverteilung vorherrscht als in dem restlichen Bereich der Gewebebremsscheibe.FIG. 3 shows a top view of the brake disc according to the invention as shown in FIG. 2 viewed from the rear. 36 is a hem band, which both has the task of preventing the brake disc from tearing in its edge region 35 during the high rotations of the projectile 300. Even more important is the task of the hem band 36 to ensure that a higher mass distribution prevails in the edge area 35 than in the remaining area of the fabric brake disc.

Eine weitere Stabilität der Gewebebremsscheibe 30 wird durch zusätzliche Gurtbänder 37 erreicht, die vorzugsweise kreuzförmig angeordnet sind. Dadurch steigt die Festigkeit des gesamten Bremselementes 30 erheblich.A further stability of the fabric brake disk 30 is achieved by additional belt straps 37, which are preferably arranged in a cross shape. As a result, the strength of the entire brake element 30 increases considerably.

Als Material für die Gewebebremsscheibe aber auch für die Gurtbänder und das Saumband hat sich besonders gut Polyamid oder eine reißfeste Kunststoffolie erwiesen.Has proven to be a material for the fabric brake disc but also for the belt straps and the hem band polyamide or a tear-resistant plastic film has proven particularly good.

Claims (2)

1. Spin-stabilised carrier missile (1) with at least two sub-projectiles (200, 300) which are ejected from the carrier missile (1) over a preselected target area, the sub-projectiles (200, 300) each having at their rear end, as a means of reducing the speed and the spin, a braking element (20, 30 respectively) consisting of a fabric or a plastic foil characterised by the fact that the braking elements (20, 30) have different dimensions, so that the sub-projectile (200) which is foremost as viewed in the direction of flight undergoes a smaller braking effect that the following sub-projectile (300).
2. Spin-stabilised carrier missile with at least two sub-projectiles, characterised by the fact that the braking elements (20, 30) are of circular construction.
EP87114807A 1986-12-18 1987-10-10 Spin-stabilized carrier missile with at least two sub-projectiles Expired - Lifetime EP0274580B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87114807T ATE51703T1 (en) 1986-12-18 1987-10-10 SPIN-STABILIZED SPELL WITH AT LEAST TWO SUBSCRIPTION BULLETS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3643293 1986-12-18
DE19863643293 DE3643293A1 (en) 1986-12-18 1986-12-18 SWIRL-STABILIZED SHOULDER FLOOR WITH AT LEAST TWO SUBMUNITION SHELLS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0274580A1 EP0274580A1 (en) 1988-07-20
EP0274580B1 true EP0274580B1 (en) 1990-04-04

Family

ID=6316504

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87114807A Expired - Lifetime EP0274580B1 (en) 1986-12-18 1987-10-10 Spin-stabilized carrier missile with at least two sub-projectiles

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4856432A (en)
EP (1) EP0274580B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63163797A (en)
AT (1) ATE51703T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3643293A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2015029B3 (en)
IL (1) IL84793A (en)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3828501C1 (en) * 1988-08-23 1989-10-19 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gmbh, 8012 Ottobrunn, De
DE3909902A1 (en) * 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Diehl Gmbh & Co BRAKE CLOTH ATTACHED TO THE BOTTOM OF A SUBMUNITION CONTAINER PROJECTILE
US5020436A (en) * 1989-07-24 1991-06-04 General Dynamics Corp., Air Defense Systems Div. Booster retarding apparatus
FR2660908B1 (en) * 1990-04-13 1994-09-09 Dassault Avions AERODYNAMIC BRAKING DEVICE.
GB9015445D0 (en) * 1990-07-13 1991-02-20 Royal Ordnance Plc Projectile surveillance apparatus
DE4120027C2 (en) * 1991-06-18 1996-08-01 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Braking element
DE4120339C2 (en) * 1991-06-20 1996-08-08 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Packaging for a deployable braking element of a missile
DE4124658C2 (en) * 1991-07-25 1996-08-14 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Device for reducing the speed of submunition
DE4124655C2 (en) * 1991-07-25 1995-07-06 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Braking device for submunition
FR2684754B1 (en) * 1991-12-10 1995-04-07 Thomson Brandt Armements SHELL OF WHICH THE PANT IS A PARACHUTE POT OF A SUBMUNITION.
SE503719C2 (en) * 1992-06-30 1996-08-12 Bofors Ab Method and apparatus for separating substrate parts
FR2726643B1 (en) * 1994-11-04 1996-12-27 Giat Ind Sa DEVICE FOR OBSERVING A FIELD OF ZONE
US7624683B2 (en) * 2001-08-23 2009-12-01 Raytheon Company Kinetic energy rod warhead with projectile spacing
DE10242588B4 (en) * 2001-09-04 2005-06-30 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Braking device for a web-corrected spin-stabilized artillery projectile
US7448324B1 (en) * 2006-05-03 2008-11-11 At&T Intellectual Property Ii, L.P. Segmented rod projectile

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1011002A (en) * 1911-05-17 1911-12-05 Krupp Ag Search-light projectile.
US4063515A (en) * 1976-06-11 1977-12-20 Calspan Corporation Dispersive subprojectiles for chaff cartridges
US4215836A (en) * 1978-10-30 1980-08-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Inflatable decelerator
DE3127071C2 (en) * 1981-07-09 1985-06-27 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Ejector body
US4565341A (en) * 1981-09-24 1986-01-21 Zacharin Alexey T Inflatable decelerator
DE3506889A1 (en) * 1985-02-27 1986-08-28 Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf MISSILE
DE3608107C1 (en) * 1986-03-12 1987-10-01 Diehl Gmbh & Co Carrier projectile for submunition
FR2595810B1 (en) * 1986-03-14 1990-10-12 Serat IMPROVEMENTS TO MUNITIONS IN SUB-AMMUNITION FOR ZONE ATTACK

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3762169D1 (en) 1990-05-10
US4856432A (en) 1989-08-15
IL84793A (en) 1992-03-29
ES2015029B3 (en) 1990-08-01
DE3643293C2 (en) 1988-10-13
EP0274580A1 (en) 1988-07-20
DE3643293A1 (en) 1988-06-30
ATE51703T1 (en) 1990-04-15
IL84793A0 (en) 1988-05-31
JPS63163797A (en) 1988-07-07

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