EP0062591A1 - Liquid heating device - Google Patents

Liquid heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0062591A1
EP0062591A1 EP82400635A EP82400635A EP0062591A1 EP 0062591 A1 EP0062591 A1 EP 0062591A1 EP 82400635 A EP82400635 A EP 82400635A EP 82400635 A EP82400635 A EP 82400635A EP 0062591 A1 EP0062591 A1 EP 0062591A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
box
combustion chamber
liquid
heating unit
chamber
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Granted
Application number
EP82400635A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0062591B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Thouault
Claude Chapuis
Georges Austruy
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Engie SA
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Gaz de France SA
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Publication of EP0062591A1 publication Critical patent/EP0062591A1/en
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Publication of EP0062591B1 publication Critical patent/EP0062591B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for submerged combustion

Definitions

  • the present invention essentially relates to a device for heating industrial liquids in situ.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks in particular by proposing a new heating device which is somewhat independent of the tank containing the liquid to be heated, and has great flexibility of use.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for heating any liquid by the burnt gases produced in a combustion chamber associated with a burner, characterized in that the burner and its associated combustion chamber form a mobile and waterproof heating unit, immersible in the liquid to be heated.
  • the heating unit thus produced constitutes a compact and removable assembly which is versatile and whose maintenance is considerably easier compared to previously known installations and comprising for example a burner outside the tank containing the liquid to be heat.
  • the submersible heating device according to the invention can be compared for example to a compact immersion heater with gaseous fuel.
  • the above-mentioned heating unit constitutes a box, at least one of the walls of which is provided with pipes or the like opening out above the liquid level and allowing respectively the supply of fuel, the outlet burnt gases, and the passage of the electrical ignition and safety burner connections.
  • the walls of the box forming, the heating unit constitute as many exchange surfaces.
  • the part of the box forming the combustion chamber is crossed in leaktight fashion by one or more circulation channels, by thermosyphon, of the surrounding liquid.
  • the aforementioned combustion chamber comprises means, such as for example grates or the like, creating turbulences of hot gas preferably around the aforementioned channels.
  • the aforementioned box substantially has the shape of a parallelepiped comprising a premixing and fuel homogenization chamber, which is separated from the combustion chamber by a grid or the like for stabilizing the flame.
  • premix chamber contains one or more grids for distributing the fuel before combustion.
  • a heating device essentially comprises a compact heating assembly 1 which is in the form of a box 2, preferably parallelepipedal, and entirely submerged in the liquid to be heated 3.
  • This liquid can for example be an industrial liquid contained in a tank (not shown). We have only shown at 4 the level of this liquid 3 in FIG. 2.
  • the heating unit or box 2 has six walls forming as many exchange surfaces and one of which 2.a is provided with conduits opening above the level 4 of liquid 3, as can be seen in FIG. 2. More specifically, the supply of fuel gas-combustion air, in substantially stoichiometric quantity takes place through a line 5 opening into a chamber 6 for premixing and homogenizing the fuel, as can be seen better in FIGS. 2 and 3. Another conduit 7 visible in Figure 1 allows the passage of the electrical ignition and safety connections of the burner. Finally, the cold burnt gases are discharged through a third pipe 8 which opens into the combustion chamber 90
  • channels 10 can have any shape in cross section, for example circular or polygonal, as can be seen in FIG. 3. They allow the circulation, by thermosiphon, of the surrounding liquid 3 as shown by arrows in FIG. 2.
  • vertical channels 10 advantageously increase the external exchange surface formed by the walls of the box 2.
  • the exchange surface in question can be further increased by providing metallic fins or the like 11 around the channels 10, as shown for example in FIG. 6.
  • the part of the box 2 containing the flame and forming the combustion chamber 9 preferably comprises means creating turbulences of hot gas inside this chamber to give the heating unit 1 good performance with a minimum of space.
  • These means can be arbitrary and arranged in any way in the combustion chamber 9. Thus they can for example be constituted by grids 12 arranged around the channels 10, as seen in FIG. 5. Consequently, the grids 12 will favor the formation of jets of hot gas directed towards the exchange walls produced by the channels 10.
  • the premix chamber 6 advantageously contains one or more grids 13 arranged in an appropriate manner inside the latter so as to achieve an ideal distribution of the gaseous mixture arriving via line 5.
  • This grid 14 which is seen on a larger scale in FIG. 4 is preferably consisting of a metal plate pierced with one or more networks of holes 15, which plate is formed of several sheets, sheets, metallic fabrics, or the like 16 superimposed, assembled, and themselves pierced with holes, as for example described in French patent n ° 69 37574 belonging to the applicant .__ Such a grid 14 advantageously makes it possible to obtain a high combustion intensity which can lead to heating powers of up to 2 kW / cm 2 .
  • a gas burner with high combustion intensity has therefore been produced according to the invention and associated with a combustion chamber so as to form a very compact, removable, versatile heating unit which can very easily be immersed in a tank containing a liquid to heat whatever, using a winch for example.
  • the heating block according to the invention makes it possible to reach a heating power ranging from 1000 to 2000 kW / m 3 occupied, and that the yields obtained with this block are approximately 20% higher than those of the installations of liquid heating used so far.
  • the means 12 creating turbulence in the combustion chamber 9 can have any structure and arrangement inside thereof, as the number and structure of the distribution grids in the premix chamber 6 can also be any, and that one can also provide any number and any shape for the vertical channels 10 in the combustion chamber formed inside the metal box 2. Likewise, this box can have a shape other than parallelepiped.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un brûleur à gaz associé à une chambre de combustion de façon à former une unité chauffante étanche, amovible et immergeable dans un liquide à chauffer. Cette unité chauffante comprend essentiellement un caisson étanche (2) comportant une chambre (6) de prémélange et de répartition du combustible gazeux fourni par une conduite (5), et une chambre de combustion (9) séparée de la chambre (6) par une grille (14) de stabilisation de flamme et traversée de façon étanche par des canaux (10) permettant la circulation, par thermosiphon, du liquide environnant, et augmentant la surface d'échange constituée par les parois du caisson (2). L'unité chauffante selon l'invention s'applique notamment au chauffage de liquides industriels quelconques.The present invention relates to a gas burner associated with a combustion chamber so as to form a sealed, removable and immersible heating unit in a liquid to be heated. This heating unit essentially comprises a sealed box (2) comprising a chamber (6) for premixing and distributing the gaseous fuel supplied by a line (5), and a combustion chamber (9) separated from the chamber (6) by a flame stabilization grid (14) and crossed in leaktight manner by channels (10) allowing the circulation, by thermosiphon, of the surrounding liquid, and increasing the exchange surface constituted by the walls of the box (2). The heating unit according to the invention applies in particular to the heating of any industrial liquids.

Description

La présente invention a essentiellement pour objet un dispositif de chauffage des liquides industriels in situ.The present invention essentially relates to a device for heating industrial liquids in situ.

On a déjà proposé un certain nombre de moyens pour chauffer des liquides industriels in situ par le gaz. D'une manière générale, le chauffage est réalisé grâce à des aménagements prévus à l'intérieur de la cuve contenant le liquide à chauffer. Mais de tels aménagements sont fixes, posent parfois des problèmes d'entretien et de maintenance, et présentent un encombrement notable pour des rendements le plus souvent médiocres.A number of means have already been proposed for heating industrial liquids in situ with gas. In general, the heating is carried out by means of arrangements provided inside the tank containing the liquid to be heated. However, such arrangements are fixed, sometimes pose problems of upkeep and maintenance, and have a considerable bulk for most often mediocre yields.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier notamment aux inconvénients ci-dessus en proposant un nouveau dispositif de chauffage qui est en quelque sorte indépendant de la cuve contenant le liquide à chauffer, et présente une grande souplesse d'emploi.The object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks in particular by proposing a new heating device which is somewhat independent of the tank containing the liquid to be heated, and has great flexibility of use.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de chauffage d'un liquide quelconque par les gaz brûlés produits dans une chambre de combustion associée à un brûleur, caractérisé en ce que le brûleur et sa chambre de combustion associée forment une unité chauffante mobile et étanche, immergeable dans le liquide à chauffer.To this end, the subject of the invention is a device for heating any liquid by the burnt gases produced in a combustion chamber associated with a burner, characterized in that the burner and its associated combustion chamber form a mobile and waterproof heating unit, immersible in the liquid to be heated.

On comprend donc que l'unité chauffante ainsi réalisée constitue un ensemble compact et amovible qui est polyvalent et dont l'entretien est considérablement facilité par rapport aux installations antérieurement connues et comportant par exemple un brûleur à l'extérieur de la cuve contenant le liquide à chauffer.It is therefore understood that the heating unit thus produced constitutes a compact and removable assembly which is versatile and whose maintenance is considerably easier compared to previously known installations and comprising for example a burner outside the tank containing the liquid to be heat.

En d'autres termes, le dispositif de chauffage immergeable selon l'invention peut être comparé par exemple à un thermoplongeur compact à combustible gazeux.In other words, the submersible heating device according to the invention can be compared for example to a compact immersion heater with gaseous fuel.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'unité chauffante précitée constitue un caisson dont au moins l'une des parois est munie de conduites ou analogues débouchant au-dessus du niveau de liquide et permettant respectivement l'alimentation en combustible, la sortie des gaz brûlés, et le passage des liaisons électriques d'allumage et de sécurité du brûleur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the above-mentioned heating unit constitutes a box, at least one of the walls of which is provided with pipes or the like opening out above the liquid level and allowing respectively the supply of fuel, the outlet burnt gases, and the passage of the electrical ignition and safety burner connections.

On comprend ainsi que les parois du caisson formant, l'unité chauffante constituent autant de surfaces d'échange.It is thus understood that the walls of the box forming, the heating unit constitute as many exchange surfaces.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la partie du caisson formant chambre de combustion est traversée de façon étanche par un ou plusieurs canaux de circulation, par thermosiphon, du liquide environnant.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the part of the box forming the combustion chamber is crossed in leaktight fashion by one or more circulation channels, by thermosyphon, of the surrounding liquid.

On comprend que de tels canaux augmentent avantageusement la surface-d'échange.It is understood that such channels advantageously increase the surface-exchange.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la chambre de combustion précitée comprend des moyens, tels que par exemple grilles ou analogues, créant des turbulences de gaz chaud de préférence autour des canaux précités.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned combustion chamber comprises means, such as for example grates or the like, creating turbulences of hot gas preferably around the aforementioned channels.

On ajoutera encore ici que la périphérie externe de ces canaux peut être pourvue d'ailettes augmentant encore la surface d'échange.It will also be added here that the external periphery of these channels can be provided with fins further increasing the exchange surface.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le caisson précité présente sensiblement la forme d'un parallélépipède comprenant une chambre de prémélange et d'homogénéisation du combustible, laquelle est séparée de la chambre de combustion par une grille ou analogue de stabilisation de la flamme.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned box substantially has the shape of a parallelepiped comprising a premixing and fuel homogenization chamber, which is separated from the combustion chamber by a grid or the like for stabilizing the flame.

On notera encore que la chambre de prémélange précitée renferme une ou plusieurs grilles de répartition du combustible avant combustion.It will also be noted that the aforementioned premix chamber contains one or more grids for distributing the fuel before combustion.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaitront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, et dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue très schématique en perspective d'un dispositif de chauffage immergeable, conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en élévation et coupe verticale de ce dispositif, suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 3.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 2.
  • La figure 4 est une vue partielle et en perspective d'un exemple de grille de stabilisation de flamme.
  • La figure 5 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un canal traversant la chambre de combustion et auquel est associé un moyen provoquant des turbulences de gaz chaud; et
  • La figure 6 est une vue partielle en perspective d'un canal avec ailettes.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better in the detailed description which follows and refers to the appended drawings, given solely by way of example, and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a very schematic perspective view of a submersible heating device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view in elevation and vertical section of this device, along the line II-II of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of an example of a flame stabilization grid.
  • Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of a channel through the combustion chamber and with which is associated a means causing turbulence of hot gas; and
  • Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of a channel with fins.

Selon un exemple de réalisation, et en se reportant aux dessins annexés, un dispositif de chauffage conforme à l'invention comprend essentiellement un ensemble chauffant compact 1 qui se présente sous la forme d'un caisson 2, de préférence parallélépipédique, et entièrement immergeable dans le liquide à chauffer 3. Ce liquide peut être par exemple un liquide industriel contenu dans une cuve (non représentée). On a seulement montré en 4 le niveau de ce liquide 3 sur la figure 2.According to an exemplary embodiment, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, a heating device according to the invention essentially comprises a compact heating assembly 1 which is in the form of a box 2, preferably parallelepipedal, and entirely submerged in the liquid to be heated 3. This liquid can for example be an industrial liquid contained in a tank (not shown). We have only shown at 4 the level of this liquid 3 in FIG. 2.

L'unité chauffante ou caisson 2 comporte six parois formant autant de surfaces d'échange et dont l'une 2.a est munie de conduites débouchant au-dessus du niveau 4 de liquide 3, comme on le voit bien sur la figure 2. Plus précisément, l'alimentation en gaz combustible- air comburant, en quantité sensiblement stoechio- métrique s'effectue-par une conduite 5 débouchant dans une chambre 6 de prémélange et d'homogénéisation du combustible, comme on le voit mieux sur les figures 2 et 3. Une autre.c.onduite 7 visible sur la figure 1 permet le passage des liaisons électriques d'allumage et de sécurité du brûleur. Enfin, les gaz brûlés froids sont évacués par une troisième conduite 8 qui débouche dans la chambre de combustion 90The heating unit or box 2 has six walls forming as many exchange surfaces and one of which 2.a is provided with conduits opening above the level 4 of liquid 3, as can be seen in FIG. 2. More specifically, the supply of fuel gas-combustion air, in substantially stoichiometric quantity takes place through a line 5 opening into a chamber 6 for premixing and homogenizing the fuel, as can be seen better in FIGS. 2 and 3. Another conduit 7 visible in Figure 1 allows the passage of the electrical ignition and safety connections of the burner. Finally, the cold burnt gases are discharged through a third pipe 8 which opens into the combustion chamber 90

Comme il apparaît clairement sur les figures 2 et 3, la partie du caisson 2 formant chambre de combustion 9 est traversée de façon étanche par un ou plusieurs canaux tels que 10. Ces canaux 10 peuvent présenter une forme quelconque en section transversale, par exemple circulaire ou polygonale, comme on le voit bien sur la figure 3. Ils permettent la circulation, par thermosiphon, du liquide environnant 3 comme cela est matérialisé par des flèches sur la figure 2. En outre, on comprend que de tels canaux verticaux 10 augmentent avantageusement la surface d'échange extérieure constituée par les parois du caisson 2.As it clearly appears in FIGS. 2 and 3, the part of the box 2 forming a combustion chamber 9 is crossed in leaktight fashion by one or more channels such as 10. These channels 10 can have any shape in cross section, for example circular or polygonal, as can be seen in FIG. 3. They allow the circulation, by thermosiphon, of the surrounding liquid 3 as shown by arrows in FIG. 2. In addition, it is understood that such vertical channels 10 advantageously increase the external exchange surface formed by the walls of the box 2.

La surface d'échange en question peut encore être augmentée par la prévision d'ailettes ou analogues métalliques 11 autour des canaux 10, comme on l'a montré par exemple sur la figure 6.The exchange surface in question can be further increased by providing metallic fins or the like 11 around the channels 10, as shown for example in FIG. 6.

La partie du caisson 2 contenant la flamme et formant chambre de combustion 9 comporte de préférence des moyens créant des turbulences de gaz chaud à l'intérieur de cette chambre pour conférer à l'unité chauffante 1 de bonnes performances avec un minimum d'encombrement. Ces moyens peuvent être quelconques et agencés d'une manière quelconque dans la chambre de combustion 9. C'est ainsi qu'ils peuvent être par exemple constitués par des grilles 12 aménagées autour des canaux 10, comme on le voit sur la figure 5. Dès lors, les grilles 12 favoriseront la formation de jets de gaz chaud dirigés vers les parois d'échange réalisées par les canaux 10.The part of the box 2 containing the flame and forming the combustion chamber 9 preferably comprises means creating turbulences of hot gas inside this chamber to give the heating unit 1 good performance with a minimum of space. These means can be arbitrary and arranged in any way in the combustion chamber 9. Thus they can for example be constituted by grids 12 arranged around the channels 10, as seen in FIG. 5. Consequently, the grids 12 will favor the formation of jets of hot gas directed towards the exchange walls produced by the channels 10.

La chambre de prémélange 6 renferme avantageusement une ou plusieurs grilles 13 agencées d'une manière appropriée à l'intérieur de celle-ci de manière à réaliser une répartition idéale du mélange gazeux arrivant par la conduite 5.The premix chamber 6 advantageously contains one or more grids 13 arranged in an appropriate manner inside the latter so as to achieve an ideal distribution of the gaseous mixture arriving via line 5.

On a montré en 14 une grille de stabilisation de flamme séparant la chambre 6 de prémélange et de répartition du combustible gazeux, de la chambre de combustion 9. Cette grille 14, que l'on voit à plus grande échelle sur la figure 4 est de préférence constituée d'une plaque métallique percée d'un ou plusieurs réseaux de trous 15, laquelle plaque est formée de plusieurs t8les, feuilles, tissus métalliques, ou analogues 16 superposés, assemblés, et eux-mêmes percés de trous, comme par exemple décrit dans le brevet français n° 69 37574 appartenant à la demanderesse.__Une telle grille 14 permet avantageusement de procurer une haute intensité de combustion pouvant conduire à des puissances de chauffe allant jusqu'à 2 kW/cm2 . There has been shown at 14 a flame stabilization grid separating the chamber 6 for premixing and distribution of the gaseous fuel, from the combustion chamber 9. This grid 14, which is seen on a larger scale in FIG. 4 is preferably consisting of a metal plate pierced with one or more networks of holes 15, which plate is formed of several sheets, sheets, metallic fabrics, or the like 16 superimposed, assembled, and themselves pierced with holes, as for example described in French patent n ° 69 37574 belonging to the applicant .__ Such a grid 14 advantageously makes it possible to obtain a high combustion intensity which can lead to heating powers of up to 2 kW / cm 2 .

On a donc réalisé suivant l'invention un brûleur à gaz à haute intensité de combustion et associé à une chambre de combustion de façon à former une unité chauffante très compacte, amovible, polyvalente et pouvant très facilement être plongée dans une cuve contenant un liquide à chauffer quelconque, au moyen d'un treuil par exemple.A gas burner with high combustion intensity has therefore been produced according to the invention and associated with a combustion chamber so as to form a very compact, removable, versatile heating unit which can very easily be immersed in a tank containing a liquid to heat whatever, using a winch for example.

On notera encore ici que le bloc chauffant selon l'invention permet d'atteindre une puissance de chauffe allant de 1000 à 2000 kW/m3 occupé, et que les rendements obtenus avec ce bloc sont supérieurs d'environ 20 % à ceux des installations de chauffage de liquide utilisées jusqu'à présent.It will also be noted here that the heating block according to the invention makes it possible to reach a heating power ranging from 1000 to 2000 kW / m 3 occupied, and that the yields obtained with this block are approximately 20% higher than those of the installations of liquid heating used so far.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et illustré qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple.Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and illustrated, which has been given only by way of example.

C'est ainsi que les moyens 12 créant une turbulence dans la chambre de combustion 9 peuvent avoir une structure et un agencement quelconques à l'intérieur de celle-ci, que le nombre et la structure des grilles de répartition dans la chambre de prémélange 6 peuvent également être quelconques, et que l'on peut prévoir aussi un nombre et une forme quelconques pour les canaux verticaux 10 dans la chambre de combustion formée à l'intérieur du caisson métallique 2. De même, ce caisson peut présenter une forme autre que parallélépipédique.Thus the means 12 creating turbulence in the combustion chamber 9 can have any structure and arrangement inside thereof, as the number and structure of the distribution grids in the premix chamber 6 can also be any, and that one can also provide any number and any shape for the vertical channels 10 in the combustion chamber formed inside the metal box 2. Likewise, this box can have a shape other than parallelepiped.

C'est dire que l'invention comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits, ainsi que leurs combinaisons, si celles-ci sont effectuées suivant son esprit.This means that the invention includes all the technical equivalents of the means described, as well as their combinations, if these are carried out according to the spirit.

Claims (4)

1.- Dispositif de chauffage d'un liquide quelconque, du type comprenant une chambre de combustion associée à un brùleur pour constituer une unité chauffante étanche et immergeable dans le liquide à chauffer, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité chauffante est constituée par un caisson (2) dont la partie formant chambre de combustion (9) est traversée de façon étanche par un ou plusieurs canaux (10) permettant la circulation, par thermosiphon, du liquide environnant (3) dans lequel est plongée l'unité chauffante (1).1.- Device for heating any liquid, of the type comprising a combustion chamber associated with a burner to form a sealed heating unit and immersible in the liquid to be heated, characterized in that said heating unit consists of a box ( 2), the combustion chamber part (9) of which is leakproofly traversed by one or more channels (10) allowing the circulation, by thermosyphon, of the surrounding liquid (3) in which the heating unit (1) is immersed. 2.- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des grilles (12) sont prévues autour des canaux (10) traversant le caisson (2) pour créer des jets de gaz chaud autour de ceux-ci.2.- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that grids (12) are provided around the channels (10) passing through the box (2) to create jets of hot gas around them. 3.- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le caisson précité (2) présente la forme d'un parallélépipède avec chambre de combustion (9) séparée d'une chambre (6) de prémélange et d'homo- généisàtion du combustible par au moins une grille (14) de stabilisation de flamme agencée entre les parois dudit caisson.3.- Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aforementioned box (2) has the shape of a parallelepiped with combustion chamber (9) separated from a chamber (6) of premix and homo- fuel generation by at least one flame stabilization grid (14) arranged between the walls of said box. 4.- Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la chambre (6) précitée de prémélange renferme une ou plusieurs grilles (13) de répartition du combustible avant combustion.4.- Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the aforementioned chamber (6) of premix contains one or more grids (13) for distributing the fuel before combustion.
EP82400635A 1981-04-08 1982-04-06 Liquid heating device Expired EP0062591B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8107059A FR2503837A1 (en) 1981-04-08 1981-04-08 DEVICE FOR HEATING LIQUIDS
FR8107059 1981-04-08

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EP0062591A1 true EP0062591A1 (en) 1982-10-13
EP0062591B1 EP0062591B1 (en) 1985-06-05

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US (1) US4425902A (en)
EP (1) EP0062591B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1178147A (en)
DE (2) DE62591T1 (en)
ES (1) ES511347A0 (en)
FR (1) FR2503837A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4651714A (en) * 1984-10-18 1987-03-24 A. D. Smith Corporation High efficiency water heater
US6823861B1 (en) * 2003-09-15 2004-11-30 Kenneth Ragan Self contained pond heater
EP2593006B1 (en) 2010-07-16 2013-12-04 Csem Sa Method and apparatus for the non-invasive measurement of pulse transit times (ptt)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE665713A (en) *
GB669975A (en) * 1947-05-05 1952-04-09 Alec Joseph Skinner Improvements in heaters for heating liquids in tanks, for heating ovens, and for like purposes
DE942656C (en) * 1951-05-18 1956-05-03 Gewerk Keramchemie Immersion torch
US3051162A (en) * 1958-12-10 1962-08-28 Harry J Porter Submersible heater
FR2063803A5 (en) * 1969-10-31 1971-07-09 Gaz De France

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE665713A (en) *
GB669975A (en) * 1947-05-05 1952-04-09 Alec Joseph Skinner Improvements in heaters for heating liquids in tanks, for heating ovens, and for like purposes
DE942656C (en) * 1951-05-18 1956-05-03 Gewerk Keramchemie Immersion torch
US3051162A (en) * 1958-12-10 1962-08-28 Harry J Porter Submersible heater
FR2063803A5 (en) * 1969-10-31 1971-07-09 Gaz De France

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ES8304287A1 (en) 1983-02-16
FR2503837B1 (en) 1985-05-24
US4425902A (en) 1984-01-17
EP0062591B1 (en) 1985-06-05
FR2503837A1 (en) 1982-10-15
ES511347A0 (en) 1983-02-16
DE62591T1 (en) 1983-05-11
DE3264014D1 (en) 1985-07-11
CA1178147A (en) 1984-11-20

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