EP0062221B1 - Process for producing a metal powder or metal alloy powder - Google Patents
Process for producing a metal powder or metal alloy powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0062221B1 EP0062221B1 EP82102371A EP82102371A EP0062221B1 EP 0062221 B1 EP0062221 B1 EP 0062221B1 EP 82102371 A EP82102371 A EP 82102371A EP 82102371 A EP82102371 A EP 82102371A EP 0062221 B1 EP0062221 B1 EP 0062221B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- additive
- starting material
- process according
- copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing flaky, ductile powder from a metallic material.
- Flake-shaped metal or metal alloy powders are widely used in coating materials because of their pronounced metallic luster, e.g. in body paints.
- a certain ductility of the starting material for its deformability is important for the formation of the leaflets. The development was and is therefore aimed at improving the deformability of the starting material.
- the ductile properties of the starting material for metal powder production make it more difficult to comminute the starting material, which is generally in the form of semolina.
- the starting material is an additive composed of metal, a metal alloy, a semimetal or a metal or metal which is immiscible with this Semi-metal compound is alloyed, this additive being present in the solid state of the material - even at the temperatures occurring during the comminution - as a separate intermediate phase at the interfaces of the crystallites, and then this material is mechanically comminuted and deformed into the leaflets.
- Such incorporation of the additive into the metal or alloy structure at the crystallite boundaries likewise creates predetermined breaking points at which the coarse semolina grains break particularly easily during the size reduction process. The high ductility desired for the deformability of the fragments into the leaflets is maintained.
- the additive contained in the grains of the starting material essentially only as an intermediate substance, that is to say as a separate (intermediate) phase and should not be incorporated in the crystallites or their lattice
- the person skilled in the art will understand that in individual cases, i.e. for a certain starting material, the selection of the foreign substance to be determined by means of a few experiments and the upper limit for its proportion in the starting material. If the proportion was above this limit, embrittlement of the powder particles themselves would occur and the deformability of the material would be severely impaired.
- the storage character of the additive as an intermediate substance must also be maintained at the temperatures (generally 60 to 100 ° C.) which occur in the course of the deformation of the starting material, i.e. no inclusion of the additives in the crystallites of the starting material may take place.
- the proportion of additives in the starting material is also subject to an upper limit in that the color character of the metal particles is to be retained.
- the lower limit for the additive content results from the purpose of the invention, namely to improve the crushability of the starting material.
- additive is also understood to mean a solid mixture of different substances. Metals, metal alloys, semimetals and their compounds can be considered as additives. It is also within the scope of the invention if the additives active according to the invention are formed only during the production of the starting material from its metal or metals and a constituent added to the starting material and, for example, constitute an intermetaltic compound.
- the procedure to be followed is that the structure described above is formed, that is to say the additive is precipitated as an intermediate substance at the crystallite boundaries.
- This can be achieved by appropriate management of the cooling process in the atomization of the melt of the starting material containing the additive, taking into account the state diagram applicable to the system in question (starting material / additive), or by subsequent heat treatment (e.g. tempering).
- Copper semolina produced by atomization was continuously comminuted in a company ball mill. The comminution was then carried out using copper semolina, to which 0.5% Bi had been added in the melt prepared for atomization. The hourly output of the ball mill could be increased by approx. 30% under the same working conditions and the same quality of the discharged material.
- Aluminum semolina was ground in batches in a ball mill in the presence of white spirit. The crushing was then carried out using aluminum grit, to which 1% cerium had been added in the melt. The output of the ball mill could be increased by approx. 14% with otherwise the same working conditions and the same quality of the discharged material.
- the drawing illustrates the structure of a (metal) grain which can be obtained by the process according to the invention with the aid of a micrograph traced for the purpose of illustration and a diagram relating to a section (AA) placed through the grain, with which the distribution of the grain into the grain embedded foreign matter (sb) along the cut surface is shown schematically.
- the peaks of the diagram curve, the places with the strongest concentration of the foreign substance, are located between the individual crystallites, because according to the invention, the foreign substance accumulates at the interfaces of the crystallites when the melt solidifies.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung blättchenförmiger, duktiler Pulver aus einem metallischen Werkstoff.The invention relates to a method for producing flaky, ductile powder from a metallic material.
Blättchenförmige Metall- bzw. Metallegierungspulver finden wegen ihres ausgeprägten metallischen Glanzes verbreitete Anwendung in Überzugsmaterialien, z.B. in Karosserielacken. Für die Ausbildung der Blättchen ist eine gewisse Duktilität des Ausganqsmateriales für dessen Verformbarkeit von Bedeutung. Die Entwicklung war und ist deshalb darauf gerichtet, die Verformbarkeit des Ausgangsmaterials zu verbessern.Flake-shaped metal or metal alloy powders are widely used in coating materials because of their pronounced metallic luster, e.g. in body paints. A certain ductility of the starting material for its deformability is important for the formation of the leaflets. The development was and is therefore aimed at improving the deformability of the starting material.
Durch die duktilen Eigenschaften des Ausgangsmaterials für die Metallpulverherstellung wird die Zerkleinerung des Ausgangsmaterials, das im allgemeinen als Grieß vorliegt, erschwert.The ductile properties of the starting material for metal powder production make it more difficult to comminute the starting material, which is generally in the form of semolina.
Es ist zwar bekannt, dem zu zerkleinernden metallischen Werkstoff Elemente zuzulegieren, welche die Sprödigkeit erhöhen und demzufolge auch die Zerkleinerbarkeit verbessern. Da hierdurch nicht nur die Makrozähigkeit sondern auch die Mikrozähigkeit des Werkstoffs verringert wird, mun die Verbesserung der Zerkleinerbarkeit mit einer Verringerung der Verformbarkeit des Werkstoffes erkauft werden. Dieser Nachteil haftet auch solchen mit einem spröde machenden Zusatzstoff versetzten Werkstoffen an, bei denen die Konzentration des Zusatzstoffes vom Zentrum der Kristallite zu deren Grenzflächen hin zunimmt (sog. Kornsteigerung), wobei die im Korninneren vorhandene Konzentration des Zusatzstoffes immer noch beachtlich ist.It is known to add elements to the metallic material to be crushed which increase the brittleness and consequently also improve the crushability. Since this not only reduces the macro toughness but also the micro toughness of the material, the improvement in the size reduction can be bought with a reduction in the deformability of the material. This disadvantage also adheres to materials with a brittle additive in which the concentration of the additive increases from the center of the crystallites to their interfaces (so-called grain increase), the concentration of the additive present inside the grain still being remarkable.
Auch bei dem in der DE-C-44 242 beschriebenen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bronzepulvers tritt neben einer Verringerung der Makrozähigkeit (Erhöhung der Sprödigkeit) auch eine solche der Mikrozähigkeit ein. Der Grund hierfür kann darin gesehen werden, dan durch die Zulegierung von Aluminium zu der Bronze eine Mischkristallverfestigung entsteht Diese ist aber wegen der für die Blättchenausformung angestrebten Duktilität der Pulverteilchen unerwünscht. Selbst durch die weitere Zulegierung von Wismut zu dem Ausgangsmaterial wird der für die Blättchenausformung schädlichen Verringerung der Mikrozähigkeit nicht in ausreichendem Maße entgegengewirkt.In the process for producing a bronze powder described in DE-C-44 242, in addition to a reduction in macro-toughness (increase in brittleness), there is also a decrease in micro-toughness. The reason for this can be seen in the fact that the alloying of aluminum with the bronze results in solid-solution strengthening. However, this is undesirable because of the ductility of the powder particles which is desired for the flake formation. Even the further addition of bismuth to the starting material does not sufficiently counteract the reduction in micro-toughness which is detrimental to the formation of leaflets.
Im Interesse einer leichteren Verformbarkeit der metallischen Werkstoffe wurden die Beschwernisse bei der Zerkleinerung des duktilen Ausgangsmaterials und damit der Einsatz eines kostenerhöhenden Aufwandes für den Zerkleinerungsprozeß hingenommen. Eine Lösung des Problems, die Zerkleinerbarkeit des Ausgangsmaterials bei gleichzeitiger Beibehaltung seiner Duktilität durch geeignete Zusätze zum Ausgangsmaterial zu verbessern, wurde nicht für möglich gehalten.In the interest of easier deformability of the metallic materials, the difficulties in comminuting the ductile starting material and thus the use of a cost-increasing outlay for the comminution process were accepted. A solution to the problem of improving the crushability of the starting material while at the same time maintaining its ductility by means of suitable additives to the starting material was not considered possible.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sich dieses Problem bei einem Ausgangsmaterial aus Aluminium, Kupfer oder einer Kupfer-Zink-Legierung überraschenderweise dadurch lösen läßt, daß dem Ausqangsmaterial ein mit diesem nicht mischbarer Zusatzstoff aus Metall, einer Metallegierung, einem Halbmetall oder einer Metall- oder Halbmetallverbindung zulegiert wird, wobei dieser Zusatzstoff im festen Zustand des Werkstoffs - auch bei den bei der Zerkleinerung auftretenden Temperaturen - als gesonderte intermediäre Phase an den Grenzflächen der Kristallite vorliegt, und anschließend dieser Werkstoff mechanisch zerkleinert und zu den Blättchen verformt wird. Durch eine derartige Einlagerung des Zusatzstoffes in das Metall- bzw. Legierungsgefüge an den Kristallitgrenzen werden gleichermaßen Sollbruchstellen ausgebildet, an denen die groben Grieß-Körner beim Zerkleinerungsprozeß besonders leicht zerbrechen. Die für die Verformbarkeit der Bruchstücke zu den Blättchen erwünschte hohe Duktilität bleibt dabei aufrechterhalten.It has now been found that this problem can surprisingly be solved in the case of a starting material made of aluminum, copper or a copper-zinc alloy in that the starting material is an additive composed of metal, a metal alloy, a semimetal or a metal or metal which is immiscible with this Semi-metal compound is alloyed, this additive being present in the solid state of the material - even at the temperatures occurring during the comminution - as a separate intermediate phase at the interfaces of the crystallites, and then this material is mechanically comminuted and deformed into the leaflets. Such incorporation of the additive into the metal or alloy structure at the crystallite boundaries likewise creates predetermined breaking points at which the coarse semolina grains break particularly easily during the size reduction process. The high ductility desired for the deformability of the fragments into the leaflets is maintained.
Aufgrund der Forderung, daß der Zusatzstoff in den Körnern des Ausgangsmaterials im wesentlichen nur als Zwischensubstanz enthalten, also als gesonderte (intermediäre) Phase vorliegen und nicht etwa in den Kristalliten bzw. deren Gitter eingelagert sein soll, ist für den Fachmann die im Einzelfall, d.h. für ein bestimmtes Ausgangsmaterial, durch einige Versuche zu ermittelnde Auswahl des Fremdstoffes sowie die obere Grenze für dessen Anteil im Ausgangsmaterial vorgegeben. Bei einem über dieser Grenze liegenden Anteil würde eine Versprödung der Pulverteilchen an sich eintreten und dadurch die Verformbarkeit des Materials stark beeinträchtigt werden. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, daß der Einlagerungscharakter des Zusatzstoffes als Zwischensubstanz auch noch bei den im Zuge der Verformung des Ausgangsmaterials zu den Blättchen auftretenden Temperaturen (im allgemeinen 60 bis 100°C) aufrechterhalten werden muß, also keine Einlagerung der Zusatzstoffe in die Kristallite des Ausgangsmaterials stattfinden darf. Dem Anteil der Zusatzstoffe im Ausgangsmaterial ist aber auch dadurch eine obere Grenze gesetzt, daß der Farbcharakter der Metallteilchen erhalten bleiben soll. Die untere Grenze für den Zusatzstoffgehalt ergibt sich aufgrund des mit der Erfindung angestrebten Zweckes, nämlich die Zerkleinerbarkeit des Ausgangsmaterials zu verbessern.Due to the requirement that the additive contained in the grains of the starting material essentially only as an intermediate substance, that is to say as a separate (intermediate) phase and should not be incorporated in the crystallites or their lattice, the person skilled in the art will understand that in individual cases, i.e. for a certain starting material, the selection of the foreign substance to be determined by means of a few experiments and the upper limit for its proportion in the starting material. If the proportion was above this limit, embrittlement of the powder particles themselves would occur and the deformability of the material would be severely impaired. It must be taken into account that the storage character of the additive as an intermediate substance must also be maintained at the temperatures (generally 60 to 100 ° C.) which occur in the course of the deformation of the starting material, i.e. no inclusion of the additives in the crystallites of the starting material may take place. However, the proportion of additives in the starting material is also subject to an upper limit in that the color character of the metal particles is to be retained. The lower limit for the additive content results from the purpose of the invention, namely to improve the crushability of the starting material.
Unter "Zusatzstoff" wird im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung auch ein festes Gemisch verschiedener Stoffe verstanden. Als Zusatzstoffe können Metalle, Metallegierungen, Halbmetalle und deren Verbindungen in Betracht kommen. Es liegt auch im Rahmen der Erfindung, wenn die erfindungsgemäß wirksamen Zusatzstoffe erst bei der Herstellung des Ausgangsmaterials aus dessen Metall bzw. Metallen und einem dem Ausgangsmaterial zugesetzten Bestandteil gebildet werden und beispielsweise eine intermetaltische Verbindung darstellen.In the context of the invention, “additive” is also understood to mean a solid mixture of different substances. Metals, metal alloys, semimetals and their compounds can be considered as additives. It is also within the scope of the invention if the additives active according to the invention are formed only during the production of the starting material from its metal or metals and a constituent added to the starting material and, for example, constitute an intermetaltic compound.
Für ein aus Kupfer oder einer Kupfer/Zink-Legierung bestehendes Ausgangsmaterial haben sich Wismut und Antimon als für die Zwecke der Erfindung geeignete Zusatzstoffe erwiesen. Dabei liegen deren Anteile im allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 bis 5%, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 20%.For a raw material made of copper or a copper / zinc alloy bismuth and antimony proved to be suitable additives for the purposes of the invention. Their proportions are generally between 0.1 and 5%, preferably between 1 and 20%.
Bei der Herstellung des erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Ausgangsmaterials ist so vorzugehen, daß sich das oben beschriebene Gefüge ausbildet, also sich der Zusatzstoff an den Kristallitgrenzen als Zwischensubstanz ausscheidet. Dies läßt sich durch eine entsprechende Führung des Abkühlungsprozesses bei der Verdüsung der den Zusatzstoff enthaltenden Schmelze des Ausgangsmaterials unter Berücksichtigung des für das betreffende System (Ausgangsmaterial/Zusatzstoff) geltenden Zustandsdiagramms erreichen oder auch durch eine nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung (z.B. Anlassen).In the production of the starting material used according to the invention, the procedure to be followed is that the structure described above is formed, that is to say the additive is precipitated as an intermediate substance at the crystallite boundaries. This can be achieved by appropriate management of the cooling process in the atomization of the melt of the starting material containing the additive, taking into account the state diagram applicable to the system in question (starting material / additive), or by subsequent heat treatment (e.g. tempering).
Nachstehend sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung angegeben.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are specified below.
In einer Laborkugelmühle wurden 2 kg durch Verdüsung gewonnener Messinggriess zerkleinert. Die Legierungszusammensetzung betrug 84 % Cu und 16 % Zn. Der Griess wurde durch Siebung auf eine Teilchengrösse von 63 bis 200 begrenzt. Anschliessend wurde der Mahlversuch unter sonst gleichen Arbeitsbedingungen mit einem Messinggriess wiederholt, in dem 1,5 % Sb als intermetallische Phase enthalten war. Der bei der Vermahlung erhaltene Feinanteil mit einer Teilchengröße von weniger als 63 J.1 betrug im ersten Versuch ca. 5 %, im Fall des Zusatzes von Sb ca. 68 %. Hinsichtlich der Verformung des Griesses zu den blättchenförmigen Teilchen zeigten sich bei beiden Versuchen keine nennenswerten Unterschiede.In a laboratory ball mill, 2 kg of semolina obtained by atomization were crushed. The alloy composition was 84% Cu and 16% Zn. The semolina was limited to a particle size of 63 to 200 by sieving. The grinding test was then repeated under otherwise identical working conditions with a brass grit, which contained 1.5% Sb as the intermetallic phase. The fine fraction obtained during the grinding with a particle size of less than 63 J.1 was approximately 5% in the first attempt and approximately 68% in the case of the addition of Sb. With regard to the deformation of the semolina into the flake-like particles, no significant differences were found in the two experiments.
In einer Betriebskugelmühle wurde im kontinuierlichen Verfahren durch Verdüsung gewonnener Messinggriess zerkleinert. Die Legierungszusammensetzung betruf 84 % Cu und 16 % Zn. Anschliessend wurde unter gleichen Arbeitsbedingungen Messinggriess zerkleinert, der aufgrund eines Zusatzes von 1,2 % Bi zu der für die Verdüsung verwendeten Schmelze den erfindungsgemässen Fremdstoff enthielt. Die Stundenleistung der Kugelmühle konnte bei gleichbleibender Qualität des ausgebrachten Materials um ca. 9 % gesteigert werden.In a company ball mill, brass grit obtained by atomization was crushed in a continuous process. The alloy composition was 84% Cu and 16% Zn. Brass grit was then comminuted under the same working conditions, which, because of the addition of 1.2% Bi to the melt used for atomization, contained the foreign substance according to the invention. The hourly output of the ball mill could be increased by approx. 9% while the quality of the material used remained the same.
Der Versuch gemäss Beispiel 2 wurde wiederholt mit der Massgabe, dass an Stelle von Bi der (Verdüsungs-) Schmelze 3 % As zugesetzt worden war. Die Stundenleistung der Mühle konnte bei gleichbleibender Qualität des ausgebrachten Materials um ca. 15 % gesteigert werden.The experiment according to Example 2 was repeated with the proviso that 3% As had been added to the (atomizing) melt instead of Bi. The hourly output of the mill could be increased by approx. 15% while the quality of the material applied remained the same.
Der Versuch gemäss Beispiel 2 wurde wiederholt, wobei an Stelle von Bi der Schmelze 0,8 % Sb zugesetzt worden war. Bei im wesentlichen gleichbleibender Qualität des ausgebrachten Materials konnte die Stundenleistung um ca. 20 % gesteigert werden.The experiment according to Example 2 was repeated, with 0.8% Sb being added to the melt instead of Bi. The hourly output could be increased by approx. 20% while the quality of the material applied was essentially the same.
Durch Verdüsung hergestellter Kupfergriess wurde in einer Betriebskugelmühle kontinuierlich zerkleinert. Anschliessend wurde die Zerkleinerung mit Kupfergriess durchgeführt, dem bei der Herstellung in der für die Verdüsung aufbereiteten Schmelze 0,5 % Bi zugesetzt war. Die Stundenleistung der Kugelmühle konnte bei gleichen Arbeitsbedingungen und übereinstimmender Qualität des ausgetragenen Materials um ca. 30 % erhöht werden.Copper semolina produced by atomization was continuously comminuted in a company ball mill. The comminution was then carried out using copper semolina, to which 0.5% Bi had been added in the melt prepared for atomization. The hourly output of the ball mill could be increased by approx. 30% under the same working conditions and the same quality of the discharged material.
Aluminiumgriess wurde in einer Kugelmühle in Gegenwart von Testbenzin chargenweise vermahlen. Anschliessend wurde die Zerkleinerung nit Aluminiumgriess durchgeführt, dem bei der Herstellung in der Schmelze 1 % Cer zugesetzt worden war. Die Ausbringung der Kugelmühle konnte, bei sonst gleichen Arbeitsbedingungen und gleicher Qualität des ausgetragenen Materials, um ca. 14 % gesteigert werden.Aluminum semolina was ground in batches in a ball mill in the presence of white spirit. The crushing was then carried out using aluminum grit, to which 1% cerium had been added in the melt. The output of the ball mill could be increased by approx. 14% with otherwise the same working conditions and the same quality of the discharged material.
Der Versuch gemäss Beispiel 6 wurde wiederholt. An Stelle von Cer wurde der Aluminiumschmelze 1,1 % Sb zugesetzt. Die Ausbringung konnte, bei sonst gleichen Arbeitsbedingungen und übereinstimmender Qualität des ausgebrachten Materials, um ca. 20 % gesteigert werden.The experiment according to Example 6 was repeated. Instead of cerium, 1.1% Sb was added to the aluminum melt. The output could be increased by approx. 20% with otherwise the same working conditions and the same quality of the applied material.
Die Zeichnung veranschaulicht die Struktur eines nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren erhältlichen (Metall) Korns anhand eines zwecks Verdeutlichung nachgezeichneten Schliffbildes und eines auf einen durch das Korn gelegten Schnitt (A-A) bezogenen Diagramms, mit welchem die Verteilung des in das Korn eingelagerten Fremdstoffes (sb) entlang der Schnittfläche schematisch dargestellt ist. Die Peaks der Diagrammkurve also die Stellen, mit der stärksten Konzentration des Fremdstoffes, befinden sich zwischen den einzelnen Kristalliten, weil sich entsprechend der Erfindungslehre, der Fremdstoff beim Erstarren der Schmelze an den Grenzflächen der Kristallite anreichert.The drawing illustrates the structure of a (metal) grain which can be obtained by the process according to the invention with the aid of a micrograph traced for the purpose of illustration and a diagram relating to a section (AA) placed through the grain, with which the distribution of the grain into the grain embedded foreign matter (sb) along the cut surface is shown schematically. The peaks of the diagram curve, the places with the strongest concentration of the foreign substance, are located between the individual crystallites, because according to the invention, the foreign substance accumulates at the interfaces of the crystallites when the melt solidifies.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT82102371T ATE21345T1 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1982-03-23 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF A METAL OR METAL ALLOY POWDER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3113886 | 1981-04-07 | ||
| DE3113886A DE3113886C2 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1981-04-07 | Process for the production of a metal or metal alloy powder |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84110312.0 Division-Into | 1984-08-30 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0062221A2 EP0062221A2 (en) | 1982-10-13 |
| EP0062221A3 EP0062221A3 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| EP0062221B1 true EP0062221B1 (en) | 1986-08-13 |
Family
ID=6129494
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82102371A Expired EP0062221B1 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1982-03-23 | Process for producing a metal powder or metal alloy powder |
| EP84110312A Expired EP0152522B1 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1982-03-23 | Process for producing a metal powder or metal alloy powder |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84110312A Expired EP0152522B1 (en) | 1981-04-07 | 1982-03-23 | Process for producing a metal powder or metal alloy powder |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4404023A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0062221B1 (en) |
| AT (2) | ATE38002T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8201969A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3113886C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES511284A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX157229A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4891059A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1990-01-02 | Battelle Development Corporation | Phase redistribution processing |
| US5322666A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1994-06-21 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Mechanical alloying method of titanium-base metals by use of a tin process control agent |
| IL118088A0 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-08-04 | Anzon Inc | Colloidal particles of solid flame retardant and smoke suppressant compounds and methods for making them |
| US5935890A (en) * | 1996-08-01 | 1999-08-10 | Glcc Technologies, Inc. | Stable dispersions of metal passivation agents and methods for making them |
| WO1999058274A1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-18 | Savin Roland R | Modification of metallic particles |
| US9321700B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2016-04-26 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Production of nanoparticles using homogeneous milling and associated products |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE44242C (en) * | H. LEHMANN in Berlin W., Blumshofstr. 5 | Process for the production of bronze powders from bismuth-aluminum bronze directly from the metal block, avoiding the metal foil brawl | ||
| US1790704A (en) * | 1931-02-03 | Obatobieb | ||
| US1632105A (en) * | 1925-03-25 | 1927-06-14 | Western Electric Co | Magnetic material and method of producing it |
| DE536824C (en) * | 1929-01-31 | 1931-10-27 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Process for the production of finely divided, magnetizable alloys for mass cores, in particular iron-nickel-cobalt alloys |
| DE865212C (en) * | 1940-04-21 | 1953-02-02 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Process for the production of alloy powders |
| DE1047967B (en) * | 1955-05-14 | 1958-12-31 | Walter Marx & Co K G | Process for the production of a highly dispersed zinc pigment with a leaf structure |
| US3787200A (en) * | 1967-09-05 | 1974-01-22 | Copper Range Co | Metal powders for roll compacting |
| US3765866A (en) * | 1968-09-09 | 1973-10-16 | Contemporary Res Inc | Production of copper and copper oxide powder for powder metallurgy |
| BE794142A (en) * | 1972-01-17 | 1973-07-17 | Int Nickel Ltd | HIGH TEMPERATURE ALLOYS |
| DE2247299C3 (en) * | 1972-09-27 | 1979-03-01 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn | Process for the powder-metallurgical production of sintered bodies made of aluminum alloys |
| US3832156A (en) * | 1972-09-27 | 1974-08-27 | Us Bronze Powders Inc | Powdered metal process |
| DE2946135C2 (en) * | 1979-11-15 | 1982-09-16 | Vereinigte Aluminium-Werke Ag, 5300 Bonn | Process for further comminution of metal powder |
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1981
- 1981-04-07 DE DE3113886A patent/DE3113886C2/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-03-23 AT AT84110312T patent/ATE38002T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-23 AT AT82102371T patent/ATE21345T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-23 EP EP82102371A patent/EP0062221B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-23 EP EP84110312A patent/EP0152522B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-30 US US06/363,572 patent/US4404023A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-04-06 MX MX192183A patent/MX157229A/en unknown
- 1982-04-06 BR BR8201969A patent/BR8201969A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-04-07 ES ES511284A patent/ES511284A0/en active Granted
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DIES, Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen S. 157, 670, 674-79 664, 665 Springer Verlag (1967) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3113886C2 (en) | 1983-01-20 |
| ES8307147A1 (en) | 1983-06-16 |
| ES511284A0 (en) | 1983-06-16 |
| ATE38002T1 (en) | 1988-11-15 |
| EP0152522B1 (en) | 1988-10-19 |
| DE3113886A1 (en) | 1982-10-21 |
| EP0062221A2 (en) | 1982-10-13 |
| EP0062221A3 (en) | 1983-03-30 |
| ATE21345T1 (en) | 1986-08-15 |
| MX157229A (en) | 1988-11-07 |
| EP0152522A3 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
| EP0152522A2 (en) | 1985-08-28 |
| BR8201969A (en) | 1983-03-08 |
| US4404023A (en) | 1983-09-13 |
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