EP0062184B1 - Couverture résistant aux intempéries pour panneaux préfabriqués - Google Patents

Couverture résistant aux intempéries pour panneaux préfabriqués Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0062184B1
EP0062184B1 EP82102078A EP82102078A EP0062184B1 EP 0062184 B1 EP0062184 B1 EP 0062184B1 EP 82102078 A EP82102078 A EP 82102078A EP 82102078 A EP82102078 A EP 82102078A EP 0062184 B1 EP0062184 B1 EP 0062184B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
covering
weatherproof
diisocyanate
diphenylmethane
covering according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82102078A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0062184A1 (fr
Inventor
Hermann Dr. Gruber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP0062184A1 publication Critical patent/EP0062184A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0062184B1 publication Critical patent/EP0062184B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weatherproof covering of components, in particular lightweight components, which have free spaces at least in the outer region, the accesses from the outside of which make up more than 5% of the boundary surfaces in the cross-sectional area.
  • building materials with good thermal insulation are preferred, which can be achieved, among other things, by a large number of mostly open pores.
  • This group includes stones and slabs made of cement-bound wood wool, glass concrete or pumice, for example. These building materials are used a lot. With walls exposed to the weather, they have a serious disadvantage. They rot under the influence of moisture if they contain organic components or they are destroyed by frost and rain.
  • the surfaces are usually plastered.
  • hydraulically curing plasters are required, which are usually designed as two-layer cement or lime cement plasters, the first layer of water-repellent additives - such as. B. Stearate - contains.
  • the plastering of lightweight walls is not without problems.
  • the process is labor intensive and can only be rationalized to a certain degree.
  • a skilled craftsman is required for cleaning, who must work on the construction site in any wind and weather.
  • prefabrication of boards with mineral plaster has not proven itself, because due to the low tensile strength due to the deflection of the board, which cannot be completely avoided by transport and processing, it cracks, which can result in a reduction in quality to the point of uselessness.
  • the transport weight is increased by 5-50 kg / m 2 and the thermal insulation value is lowered, which also speaks against the use of a mineral plaster.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of finding a weatherproof, aesthetically appealing cover for weather-affected walls or components, which has a low tightness against surface water, is economically applicable to lightweight materials with a large open pore content and in prefabricated components in addition to a high surface quality has sufficient elasticity against accidental deformation during processing.
  • the object is achieved in that for the waterproof thickening of the outer area is provided with a polyurethane mass increasing in volume by 30 to 300% during curing.
  • the free spaces have undercuts.
  • undercut free spaces can consist of production-related pores, partially covered cavities or subsequently created recesses such as undercut bores or grooves.
  • the required anchoring depth results from the thermal and mechanical stress depending on the materials.
  • the cover has an embossing that took place before the final hardening.
  • An embossing device makes it possible to design the surface of the component in order to achieve a special effect on the finished component.
  • the cover is provided with mineral granules before the final hardening.
  • the aesthetic appearance of the component can be significantly improved.
  • the cover contains fire-retardant additives.
  • the fire risk is reduced by the fire retardant additives.
  • polyurethane compositions to be used for the production of the covers according to the invention represent one-component or two-component systems known per se in polyurethane chemistry.
  • reaction products of any organic polyisocyanates with inferior amounts of compounds having hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups in an equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups of 1.5: 1 to 15: 1 or using one more are particularly suitable according to the invention Larger excess of polyisocyanate, which excess can optionally be removed after the preparation of the prepolymers, for example by thin-layer distillation.
  • organic polyisocyanates with compounds having groups which are reactive toward isocyanate groups are used in an equivalent ratio of approximately 0.8: 1 to 1.2: 1.
  • the reaction components are mixed shortly before they are used.
  • the curing then takes place through the isocyanate addition reaction which occurs spontaneously between the isocyanate groups and the groups which are reactive toward isocyanate groups.
  • the NCO prepolymers are used, they are preferably cured by reaction with water contained in the substrate.
  • All polyisocyanates of polyurethane chemistry can be used both for the preparation of the NCO prepolymers and as a reaction component in the two-component systems, such as, for. B. hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.
  • Biurets, uretdiones, trimerizates and other reaction products of the monomeric polyisocyanates mentioned can also be used.
  • any compounds which are at least difunctional in the sense of the isocyanate addition reaction and have hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups can be used.
  • polyether polyols known in polyurethane chemistry, such as those obtained by polymerization, copolymerization or block copolymerization of alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, and / or propylene oxide using di- or polyfunctional active hydrogen atoms, such as, for. B. water, ammonia, ethylenediamine, ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, phosphorous acid and phosphonic acids can be obtained.
  • Polyacetals such as, for. B. the polycondensation products of formaldehyde and diols or polyols of the type mentioned above, as can be obtained using acidic catalysts.
  • Preferred polyisocyanates for the preparation of the prepolymers are 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or isomer mixtures of 4,4'- and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
  • Particularly suitable polyisocyanate mixtures consist of a) 0-5% 2,2'-diisocyanate diphenylmethane, b) 20-80, preferably 30-70% 2,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and c) 80-20, preferably 70-30% 4, 4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and / or higher than difunctional polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series.
  • This preferred polyisocyanate mixture has a viscosity of less than 200 cp at 20 ° C.
  • the particular advantage of the preferred polyisocyanate mixture is due to the fact that it can be used to produce solvent-free fillers that do not have any troublesome crystallization phenomena.
  • reaction products containing free isocyanate groups are prepared in a manner known per se by reacting the components in the proportions mentioned at 15-100 ° C., preferably 20-50 ° C.
  • the reaction products thus obtained generally have a viscosity of between 1,000 and 10,000 mpa.s at 20 ° C.
  • the fillers used in the process according to the invention generally contain 20-100% by weight, preferably 30-60%, of the reaction products mentioned.
  • the fillers can contain auxiliaries and additives.
  • auxiliaries and additives are, for example, catalysts used in polyurethane chemistry, such as. B. tertiary amines or organic metal compounds, plasticizers, especially those that are characterized by resistance to the alkaline components of the structures, such as. B. phosphoric acid esters, and reaction products of chlorosulfonated paraffins with phenol and phenol derivatives, pigments in powder form or as pastes, inorganic fillers, such as. B. sand, kaolin, chalk, barium sulfate, silicon dioxide, emulsifiers, flame retardants, anti-aging agents or adhesion promoters.
  • catalysts used in polyurethane chemistry such as. B. tertiary amines or organic metal compounds
  • plasticizers especially those that are characterized by resistance to the alkaline components of the structures, such as. B. phosphoric acid esters, and reaction products of chlorosulfonated paraffins
  • polyether polysiloxanes known from polyurethane foam chemistry can also be used to stabilize the foam structures resulting from the formation of carbon dioxide.
  • the fillers to be used in the method according to the invention are essentially solvent-free systems, the use of solvents is also included tel such as B. ethyl acetate, butyl acetate or xylene cannot be excluded in principle.
  • the usual inorganic adjusting agents such as B. highly disperse silicas or asbestos fibers can be used.
  • the use of chemically reactive thickeners is particularly preferred for the process according to the invention.
  • the preferred diisocyanates based on 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or isomer mixtures with 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate the addition of up to 4% of diethyltoluenediamine or other sterically hindered aromatic diamines through chemical reaction with the isocyanate groups turns a pasty Consistency achieved.
  • Mixtures of isomers which contain at least 20% of the 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate show a surprisingly favorable low viscosity for processing.
  • the leveling compound is applied in an amount of 250 to 5,000 g per square meter to the pre-wetted surface of the lightweight component using hand tools or, in the case of prefabrication, using machine application equipment.
  • mineral granules are distributed in a thin layer on the leveled surface or embossed.
  • a reaction takes place within 5-30 minutes with elimination of C0 2 7, which leads to hardening of the leveling compound with inflation within 1-3 hours.
  • the rate of hardening can be increased by spraying with water or by adding water vapor. After curing, it is possible to paint with emulsion paints or dyes containing solvents.
  • 1,000 g of polyalkylene oxide polyether based on trimethylolpropane and propylene oxide (molecular weight approx. 600) are mixed with 20 g of polyalkylene oxide-polysiloxane copolymer as a stabilizer, 100 g of amorphous silica and 3000 g of quartz sand (grain size 0.2 mm).
  • the two components are mixed and applied before processing.
  • the processing time is 20 'and the material consumption per m 2 of coated plate is 2.75 kg.
  • the freshly cured coating is sprinkled with quartz chips (0-2 mm) when fresh.
  • a construction panel is formed with a light-fast, tough and resilient, durable top f lächenstruk- structure containing a further decorative component by the bound mineral Einstreugut.
  • Example 1 900 g of a technical isomer mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a viscosity of 180 mPa / sec. and an NCO content of 31.5%. After mixing with component A from Example 1, the procedure is as in Example 1. The processing time is 40 minutes. After curing, a plaster-like, decorative, closed surface is obtained, which is protected from harmful light and weather influences by painting with commercially available emulsion paint. The panels produced in the manner described are suitable for facades, walls and as ceiling panels.
  • the moisture contained in the subsurface triggers a hardening reaction of the filler compound, which is completed in about 3 hours at 23 ° C.
  • the end product is a decorative component with a tough, elastic, impact-resistant and water-resistant coating.
  • the material consumption is 2.0 kg / m 2.
  • the coating is cured in a chamber that is saturated with hot water vapor.
  • the coating has hardened to such an extent that, after a further 20 minutes of cooling at 23 ° C., painting with a dispersion paint based on an acrylate-styrene copolymer can be carried out.
  • the following example describes the coating of a board made of cement-bound pumice building material.
  • An embossing stamp is placed on the freshly applied coating compound, which, after the structured surface coating has hardened, reveals the joint pattern of a masonry bond.
  • the coated pumice building board is cut in the form of clinker and bricked up as a heat-insulating veneer.
  • the thixotropic prepolymer containing isocyanate groups and composed in accordance with Example 3 is mixed with the same amount of aluminum oxyhydrate and leveled on the surface of a foam concrete slab wetted with water.
  • the cost of materials was 1,100 g / m 2 .
  • the hardening reaction which increases in volume, begins after about 10 minutes and is completed after about 5 hours. The volume increase is 285% in the area of the foam concrete pores and 30% in the area of the webs.
  • the surface of the coating is structured, but non-porous.
  • a Carstens water penetration test is carried out (Warmth and Moisture, Berlin 1960, Verlag Ernst, p. 30). After a test period of 3 days, water absorption is not discernible.
  • the fire test according to DIN 4102 shows fire class B 1 - flame retardant.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Couverture résistante aux intempéries pour éléments de construction, en particulier pour éléments de construction légers qui possèdent au moins dans la région extérieure des espaces libres dont les accès de l'extérieur, dans la surface de section transversale, représentent plus de 5% des surfaces limites, caractérisée en ce que pour une couverture étanche à l'eau, la région extérieure est pourvue d'une masse de polyuré- thane augmentant de volume à raison de 30 % à 300 % au cours du durcissement.
2. Couverture résistante aux intempéries selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les espaces libres présentent des découpes à l'arrière.
3. Couverture résistante aux intempéries selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que la couverture possède une empreinte qui a été pratiquée avant le durcissement complet final.
4. Couverture résistante aux intempéries selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que la couverture est pourvue d'un granulat minéral avant le durcissement complet final.
5. Couverture résistante aux intempéries selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la couverture contient des additifs ignifuges.
6. Couverture résistante aux intempéries selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la couverture consiste en des prépolymères contenant des groupes isocyanate, à base de diphényl- méthane-diisocyanate et d'éthers de polypropylène glycol.
7. Couverture résistante aux intempéries selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la couverture consiste en des prépolymères contenant des groupes isocyanate obtenus au départ de mélanges isomères de diphénylméthane-4,4-diisocyanate et de diphénylméthane-2,4-diisocyanate ayant une teneur au minimum de 20 % en diphénylméthane-2,4-diisocyanate.
8. Couverture résistante aux intempéries selon les revendications 6 et 7, caractérisée en ce que les prépolymères contenant des groupes isocyanate possèdent un état gélifié thixotrope dû à une réaction partielle avec des diamines aromatiques stériquement empêchées.
EP82102078A 1981-03-26 1982-03-15 Couverture résistant aux intempéries pour panneaux préfabriqués Expired EP0062184B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813111958 DE3111958A1 (de) 1981-03-26 1981-03-26 Wetterfeste abdeckung fuer wandelemente
DE3111958 1981-03-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0062184A1 EP0062184A1 (fr) 1982-10-13
EP0062184B1 true EP0062184B1 (fr) 1984-12-19

Family

ID=6128369

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82102078A Expired EP0062184B1 (fr) 1981-03-26 1982-03-15 Couverture résistant aux intempéries pour panneaux préfabriqués

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0062184B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57175788A (fr)
DE (2) DE3111958A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1235042A1 (fr) * 2001-02-14 2002-08-28 Dieter Dipl.-Ing. Mainka Système de façade de plâtre pour une meilleure utilisation de la chaleur ambiante dans des éléments de construction externes d'accumulateur de chaleur

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1071928B (de) * 1959-12-24 Anneliese Knust, geb. Zenk, Langenholzen über Alfeld/Leine Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Verbundleichtbauplatte
FI48005C (fi) * 1968-01-11 1974-05-10 Innovationsteknik Inst Ab Menetelmä levymäisen tai laattamaisen rakennuselementin valmistamiseks i
GB1248286A (en) * 1968-01-31 1971-09-29 Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Method for promoting plant development
JPS529019A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-01-24 Nippon Oils & Fats Co Ltd Repair materials for stones
JPS5213519A (en) * 1975-07-24 1977-02-01 Brother Ind Ltd Building materials consisting of natural stones
DE7808701U1 (de) * 1978-03-22 1978-08-17 Kali-Chemie Ag, 3000 Hannover Bauplatte
DE7818003U1 (de) * 1978-06-16 1978-09-28 Saarpor Klaus Eckhardt Gmbh Neunkirchen Kunststoffe Kg, 6680 Neunkirchen Wand- oder deckenplatte

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57175788A (en) 1982-10-28
EP0062184A1 (fr) 1982-10-13
JPH0229636B2 (fr) 1990-07-02
DE3111958A1 (de) 1982-10-07
DE3261581D1 (en) 1985-01-31

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