EP0058855A2 - Elektrisches Druckverfahren und Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrisches Druckverfahren und Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0058855A2
EP0058855A2 EP82100837A EP82100837A EP0058855A2 EP 0058855 A2 EP0058855 A2 EP 0058855A2 EP 82100837 A EP82100837 A EP 82100837A EP 82100837 A EP82100837 A EP 82100837A EP 0058855 A2 EP0058855 A2 EP 0058855A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surface layer
write
electrode
recording medium
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82100837A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0058855A3 (de
Inventor
William Emmett Bernier
Hi Dong Chai
David Austin Opp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0058855A2 publication Critical patent/EP0058855A2/de
Publication of EP0058855A3 publication Critical patent/EP0058855A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/20—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using electric current

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to apparatus for low voltage electrolytic printing on a recording medium as well as to a method. It is particularly concerned with the provision of a recording medium that includes a surface layer containing an electrochemically sensitive compound, which medium is particularly suitable for employment in low voltage electrolytic printing apparatus -.that has been adapted to take advantage of the properties of said recording medium.
  • United States Patent No. 2 358 839 to Wagner teaches a "wet" electrolytic printing arrangement wherein the recording paper is impregnated with 100 cm 3 of water prior to recording.
  • the current in a recording stylus is modulated in accordance with the instantaneous density of the subject to be reproduced and forms an image thereof in the recording paper.
  • the resultant image is of improved sharpness due, in part, to the limited amount of moisture which remains after printing.
  • the present invention intends to provide a remedy.by providing a recording medium which is particularly suitable for use by low voltage printing apparatus adapted to efficiently utilize said medium.
  • the present invention also intends to provide a recording medium which is constructed to exhibit, in conjunction with the geometry of the printing apparatus electrodes and their spacing, a predetermined vertical resistance component through the surface layer thereof.
  • Such recording medium may also require only low levels of energy input compatible with those needed by high density integrated circuit chips yet permits high resolution printing.
  • the present invention intends to enable low level energy printing on a responsive recording medium that facilitates the use of a low cost, integrated print head that will exhibit significantly improved operating life over that of the prior art.
  • a layered recording medium having a topmost surface layer, an insulating support layer and a conductive layer sandwiched therebetween, all of appropriate thickness and low voltage printing apparatus adapted to employ said recording medium.
  • the surface layer includes a binder, a leuco dye which is responsive to low levels of electrical energy and electrochemically converted thereby to a visible dye, a dye stabilizer, pigment and an electrolyte.
  • the surface layer is constructed to insure, in conjunction with the area and spacing of the apparatus' electrodes, that sufficient current to effect full dye visibility passes vertically therethrough into the conductive layer.
  • the thickness of the surface layer is also a factor in building the recording medium to function correctly when subjected to the relatively low voltage and energy levels that are associated with large scale and very large scale integrated circuit chips. It is constructed with the purpose of providing an effective print medium that affords a low resistance path for a high percentage of current flow vertically through the surface layer directly under the print electrode and then into the conductive layer from where it returns to its source, given the spacing and geometry of the electrodes involved. The result is intended to pass at least 75% of the supplied current through the surface layer directly beneath the print electrode into the conductive layer.
  • the phrases “low voltage” or “low electrical energy” or their equivalent means that a voltage pulse of no more than 25 V amplitude is applied for an appropriate time to the print electrode.
  • the "write” pulse should not be greater than 15 V.
  • the phrases “high voltage” or “high electrical energy” or their equivalent, as previously noted, means that a voltage pulse of between 150 and 250 V is to be applied to the print electrode.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a paper system that has been fabricated in accordance with the present invention.
  • This paper system or recording medium 10 includes a surface layer or coating 12, a conductive layer 14 and a base or support layer 16. These layers are joined together by known techniques which form no part of the present invention. As fabricated however, the paper system 10 described herein can be utilized in the form of rolled, cut sheet or fan-folded medium.
  • the surface layer 12 is typically about 5 to 50 pm thick. It includes five main components, one of which is a pigment of appropriate color, generally a clay. The clay component is selected, as needed, to enhance or reduce the brightness, whiteness and/or absorbtion of the surface layer 12 as would be appropriate to the. end use.
  • the surface layer 12 also includes as components thereof, a leuco dye, a dye stabilizer, a binder, and an electrolyte. It is applied by coating the surface of the conductive layer 14 with a predetermined proportion of its components.
  • a leuco or 1-dye is one whose chromophore is not visible under ordinary room conditions. It can, however, be permanently shifted into the visible spectrum if a pulse of sufficient energy is applied thereto for an appropriate period.
  • the nature and use of such dyes for printing at low energy levels is described in United States Patent Application Serial No. which was filed in the name of W. E. Bernier.
  • the leuco dye selected for use in and by the present invention is to be compatible with and responsive to the voltage and concomitant energy levels associated with large and very large scale integrated circuits.
  • LSI and VLSI chips will typically require bus and driver voltages on the order of no more than 25 V (preferably 15 V) and power drain of about 2.0 W, an energy level which was intolerable in prior art printing systems and for prior art recording mediums.
  • bus and driver voltages on the order of no more than 25 V (preferably 15 V) and power drain of about 2.0 W, an energy level which was intolerable in prior art printing systems and for prior art recording mediums.
  • the definition of printing apparatus and of a recording medium that is particularly suitable to be printed on at this rather low energy level permits the use of an integrated print head and very significantly lowers, if not eliminates with the use of appropriate print electrodes, the consumption of the print electrodes.
  • the conductive layer 14 is generally formed from a thin metal foil, such as aluminum, about 1000 R (0.1 ⁇ m) thick or from a coating of electrolyte such as NaCl or other suitable salt. As will be hereinafter discussed, the thickness of the conductive layer 14 is not critical to the printing mechanism. However, it should be kept to a minimum to avoid giving the recording medium too thick a feel or appearance as well as to hold down cost.
  • the support layer 16 serves merely, as its name states, to support the surface layer 12 and conductive layer 14. It will typically be about 15 to 50 ⁇ m thick and be fabricated from commonly available paper. As an insulator, the support layer 16 will not play an active role in the printing process except to prevent current from leaking off the conductive layer 14.
  • a printing arrangement which would utilize a recording medium fashioned in accordance with the present invention is schematically illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the recording medium 10 is brought beneath a print stylus or electrode (anode) 18 by any suitable conventional transport mechanism, which is not shown.
  • the print stylus 18 may be formed of tungsten, which shows some degree of consumability in use, or of a ruthenium oxide coated member, which compound is very stable and exhibits little or no tendency to chemically enter into the printing process.
  • the ground electrode (cathode) 20 would be fabricated from a similar, if not identical, material and is separated from the write electrode 18 by a distance L. Both the write electrode 18 and the ground electrode 20 are assumed to have the same diameter D, since both will likely be fashioned of the same stock material and thereafter coated if appropriate.
  • the 15 V limit is highly desirable since it is compatible with and would therefore permit the use of LSI or VLSI integrated circuit chips right in the print head itself.
  • a simplified equivalent electrical circuit of the paper system 10 is shown in Figure 2.
  • a control circuit 22 is coupled between the voltage source V+ and the write electrode 18.
  • This control circuit can be of conventional design and serves to form and then selectively forward voltage pulses of appropriate amplitude and width or duration to the write electrode 18.
  • the control circuit 22 would, of course, be forming pulses pursuant to printing desired text and/or graphics as directed by a source therefor to which it is coupled by an input line or bus 24.
  • R l the horizontal resistive component through the surface layer 12 between the electrodes 18 and 20
  • R 2' the vertical resistive component through the surface layer 12 between the electrodes 18 and 20 respectively and the conductive layer 14
  • R 3' the total resistance along or through the conductive layer 14 from the current entry to exit points therein.
  • the applied print voltage was significantly higher than is presently comtemplated and the R 1 resistance component of the utilized recording mediums was never a factor as sufficient excess current was available to flow into and through the conductive layer and then back through the surface layer to the cathode.
  • the surface layer was saturated with water or similar fluid and thereby rendered sufficiently conductive for printing purposes. This meant that the surface layer resistance R l was lowered considerably and so excessive current and so excessive current also was made available to insure sufficient current flow into and through a conductive layer, if present, to insure that printing would take place.
  • the resistance R 1 is equal to the resistivity R s of surface layer 12 times L divided by the product of D and T s , the thickness of layer 12.
  • the resistance R 2 is equal to the resistivity R multiplied by the thickness T s and then divided by the area of the electrodes 18 and 20.
  • Resistance R 3 is determined by summing L and D, which sum is then multiplied by the resistivity R c of the conductive layer and that total then divided by the product of D and T , the thickness of the conductive layer 14.
  • the total or equivalent resistance R t of two resistors R a and R b in parallel is equal to their product divided by their sum, or
  • a liquid applicator 26 may be provided.
  • the applicator 26 is adapted to uniformly meter out very small quantities of liquid, preferably water, over the surface layer 12 of recording medium 10, just prior to its passing under the write electrode 18.

Landscapes

  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
EP82100837A 1981-02-24 1982-02-05 Elektrisches Druckverfahren und Vorrichtung Withdrawn EP0058855A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23756081A 1981-02-24 1981-02-24
US237560 1981-02-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0058855A2 true EP0058855A2 (de) 1982-09-01
EP0058855A3 EP0058855A3 (de) 1983-03-30

Family

ID=22894253

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82100837A Withdrawn EP0058855A3 (de) 1981-02-24 1982-02-05 Elektrisches Druckverfahren und Vorrichtung

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0058855A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS57140175A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0097220A2 (de) * 1982-06-18 1984-01-04 International Business Machines Corporation Stabilisierung von leucomethylenblauen Farben auf einer Druckschrift
EP0114303A2 (de) * 1982-12-29 1984-08-01 International Business Machines Corporation Einrichtung zum Befeuchten der Oberfläche eines Objektes

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0194694B1 (de) * 1985-03-15 1992-09-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Bandkassette für Drucker

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879127A (en) * 1956-08-29 1959-03-24 Carlson Harold Apparatus for electrical recording in telephoto systems
FR1499526A (fr) * 1965-10-20 1967-10-27 Allied Chem Procédé de production électrographique d'images par passage d'un courant électrique à travers une composition sensible et feuilles électrographiques à utiliser dans le procédé
DE2140048A1 (de) * 1970-08-17 1972-02-24 Olivetti & Co Spa Thermographisches Druckverfahren
US4042936A (en) * 1975-07-29 1977-08-16 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrosensitive recording method
FR2422507A1 (fr) * 1978-04-12 1979-11-09 Electricite De France Perfectionnements aux procedes et dispositifs d'inscription en couleur sur papier
EP0020974A1 (de) * 1979-05-24 1981-01-07 International Business Machines Corporation In Wasser gelöste elektrochrome Druckfarbe und Verfahren zum Drucken mit dieser Druckfarbe
EP0047367A2 (de) * 1980-09-10 1982-03-17 International Business Machines Corporation Folie für elektrische Farbaufzeichnung
EP0058338A2 (de) * 1981-02-05 1982-08-25 International Business Machines Corporation Elektrochromes Aufzeichnungsmaterial

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5216233A (en) * 1975-07-28 1977-02-07 Canon Inc Record medium
JPS5256545A (en) * 1975-11-04 1977-05-10 Fujitsu Ltd Electrolytic recording material
JPS5269637A (en) * 1975-12-08 1977-06-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electroconductive recording paper
JPS5273741A (en) * 1975-12-17 1977-06-21 Ricoh Co Ltd Multi-color electric sensitive recording medium

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879127A (en) * 1956-08-29 1959-03-24 Carlson Harold Apparatus for electrical recording in telephoto systems
FR1499526A (fr) * 1965-10-20 1967-10-27 Allied Chem Procédé de production électrographique d'images par passage d'un courant électrique à travers une composition sensible et feuilles électrographiques à utiliser dans le procédé
DE2140048A1 (de) * 1970-08-17 1972-02-24 Olivetti & Co Spa Thermographisches Druckverfahren
US4042936A (en) * 1975-07-29 1977-08-16 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrosensitive recording method
FR2422507A1 (fr) * 1978-04-12 1979-11-09 Electricite De France Perfectionnements aux procedes et dispositifs d'inscription en couleur sur papier
EP0020974A1 (de) * 1979-05-24 1981-01-07 International Business Machines Corporation In Wasser gelöste elektrochrome Druckfarbe und Verfahren zum Drucken mit dieser Druckfarbe
EP0047367A2 (de) * 1980-09-10 1982-03-17 International Business Machines Corporation Folie für elektrische Farbaufzeichnung
EP0058338A2 (de) * 1981-02-05 1982-08-25 International Business Machines Corporation Elektrochromes Aufzeichnungsmaterial

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
FUJITSU SCIENT. & TECHN. JOURNAL, vol. 12, no. 3, September 1976, pages 131-146, Kawasaki (JP); *
IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 22, no. 8A, January 1980, pages 3439-3440, New York (USA); *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0097220A2 (de) * 1982-06-18 1984-01-04 International Business Machines Corporation Stabilisierung von leucomethylenblauen Farben auf einer Druckschrift
EP0097220B1 (de) * 1982-06-18 1988-06-08 International Business Machines Corporation Stabilisierung von leucomethylenblauen Farben auf einer Druckschrift
EP0114303A2 (de) * 1982-12-29 1984-08-01 International Business Machines Corporation Einrichtung zum Befeuchten der Oberfläche eines Objektes
EP0114303A3 (en) * 1982-12-29 1985-01-09 International Business Machines Corporation Device for dampening the surface of an object

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57140175A (en) 1982-08-30
EP0058855A3 (de) 1983-03-30

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Inventor name: CHAI, HI DONG

Inventor name: BERNIER, WILLIAM EMMETT

Inventor name: OPP, DAVID AUSTIN