EP0058498B1 - Positionsübertrager - Google Patents

Positionsübertrager Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0058498B1
EP0058498B1 EP82300577A EP82300577A EP0058498B1 EP 0058498 B1 EP0058498 B1 EP 0058498B1 EP 82300577 A EP82300577 A EP 82300577A EP 82300577 A EP82300577 A EP 82300577A EP 0058498 B1 EP0058498 B1 EP 0058498B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
output
winding
pole piece
circuit
transducer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82300577A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0058498A1 (de
Inventor
William Frank Hill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF International UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Lucas Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucas Industries Ltd filed Critical Lucas Industries Ltd
Publication of EP0058498A1 publication Critical patent/EP0058498A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0058498B1 publication Critical patent/EP0058498B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
    • F02P5/155—Analogue data processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
    • F02P7/06—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle
    • F02P7/067—Electromagnetic pick-up devices, e.g. providing induced current in a coil
    • F02P7/0675—Electromagnetic pick-up devices, e.g. providing induced current in a coil with variable reluctance, e.g. depending on the shape of a tooth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a position transducer of the variable reluctance type.
  • variable reluctance type transducer described in GB-A-2028511 has a source of magnetic flux, a winding linked to such source in a magnetic circuit which includes a pole piece and a relatively movable part.
  • Such transducers are both durable and capable of high accuracy at low cost, but conventional transducers of this type are useful only for indicating when a shaft or other member is at a specific position, rather than between two specific positions.
  • a conventional variable reluctance type transducer it would be difficult to provide a d.c. output which is high when the shaft or other member is between two specific positions.
  • a variable reluctance transducer in accordance with the invention comprises a source of magnetic flux, a winding linked with said source in a magnetic circuit which includes a pole piece and a relatively movable part, characterised in that said relatively movable part has a surface, at least one pair of protuberances on said surface spaced apart in the direction of movement of the relatively movable part, and a web of height less than that of the protuberances interconnecting the protuberances, and in that a discriminating circuit to which said winding is connected includes integrating means to which the output of the winding is applied and gating means connected to said integrating means and operates to distinguish between signals produced in the winding when a protuberance passes the pole piece preceded by the web and followed by the web.
  • the invention also provides a variable reluctance position transducer comprising a source of magnetic flux, a winding linked with said source in a magnetic circuit comprising a pole piece and a relatively movable part characterised in that, said relatively movable part has thereon at least one web portion such that an air gap between relatively movable part and the pole piece is reduced when the web portion is adjacent the pole piece as compared with when the web portion is not adjacent the pole piece, a plurality of protuberances on the web portion whereby the air gap is further reduced whenever a protuberance is adjacent the pole piece, and in that a discriminating circuit connected to the winding, includes integrating means to which the output of the winding is applied and provides an output dependent on whether the web portion is adjacent the pole piece, protuberance detector means connected to the winding and providing an output signal each time a protuberance passes the pole piece and an output circuit connected to the integrator means and to the protuberance detector means and acting to count the signals from the protuberance detector means in an interval during which the integrator
  • the disc shown in Figure 1 is intended for use in the ignition distributor of a four cylinder four- stroke internal combustion engine.
  • the disc has an edge surface 10 with pairs of protuberances 11, 12 each such pair being joined by a web 13 of height less than that of the protuberances.
  • the disc is mounted on the distributor shaft 14 which, together with an end wall 15 of the distributor, the disc and a pole piece 16 forms a magnetic circuit.
  • the pole piece 16 is in the form of a peg with a flange attached to the end wall 15 by a suitable permanent magnet 17.
  • the pole piece 16 is arranged so as to be parallel with the axis of the shaft 14 and at a position such that it just clears the protuberances 11,12 as the shaft 14 rotates.
  • a winding 18 is mounted on the pole piece 16 so that a voltage is induced in the winding 18 as the shaft rotates owing to the changing reluctance of the magnetic circuit as the air gap between the pole piece and the edge profile of the disc varies.
  • Figure 4A shows the waveform of this voltage during the passage of one pair of the protuberances 11, 12 past the pole piece 16.
  • the circuit shown therein includes an operational amplifier A, connected to operate as an integrator.
  • the amplifier A has its output connected to the base of a pnp transistor T, having its collector connected to a negative supply rail 20 and its emitter connected by a resistor R, to a positive supply rail 21.
  • the emitter of transistor T is connected by an integrator capacitor C, to the inverting input of amplifier A i , which input is connected by a resistor R 2 to the interconnection of a resistor R 3 and a capacitor C 2 connected across the winding 18 and forming a low-pass filter.
  • One end of winding 18 is connected to the rail 20, as is one terminal of capacitor C 2 .
  • the non-inverting input of amplifier A is connected to rail 20.
  • a low level bias current is supplied to the inverting input of amplifier A 1 via a resistor R 4 from a point on a resistor chain R 5 , R 6 connected between rails 20 and 21.
  • the resistors R s and R 6 are chosen so that the voltage at their interconnection is about 0.1V above the rail 20, and resistor R 4 has a high ohmic value compared with resistor R 3 , so that this bias current has a negligible effect on the operation of amplifier A 1 , as an integrator, the peak voltages produced by the coil 18 in use being of the range of 0.1V to 50V.
  • the bias current has the effect, however, of driving the operational amplifier output slowly down to the negative rail 20 voltage during periods of quiescence.
  • a second operational amplifier A 2 has its inverting input connected by a resistor R 7 to the output of amplifier A 1 and its non-inverting input connected to the junction of resistors R s and R 6 .
  • Amplifier A 2 acts as an inverting voltage comparator.
  • a third operational amplifier A3 has its non-inverting input connected to rail 20 and its inverting input connected by a resistor R 8 to the junction of resistor R 3 with capacitor C 2 , by a resistor R 9 to the junction of resistors R 5 and R 6 and by a diode D, to rail 20, the cathode of diode D, being connected to rail 20.
  • a diode D 2 has its anode connected to the output of amplifier A3 and its cathode connected by a resistor R 10 to rail 20 and by a capacitor C 3 to the inverting input of amplifier A3.
  • Resistor Rg has the same effect as resistor R 4 , i.e. it maintains the output of amplifier A3 low in periods of quiescence.
  • Amplifier A3 acts as an overdriven fast integrator in respect of negative-going input signals in order to discriminate against H.F. interference spikes in the input signal diode D, acting to limit the voltage at the inverting input when the amplifier A3 is in saturation.
  • the input signal becomes positive, however, feedback via capacitor C 3 is prevented by diode D 2 so that amplifier A3 then acts as a zero-crossing detector.
  • a fourth operational amplifier A4 has its inverting input connected by a resistor R 11 to the output of amplifier A3 and its non-inverting input connected to the junction of two resistors R 12 , R 13 in series between rails 20, 21.
  • a resistor R 14 is connected between the output of amplifier A4 and its non-inverting input so that amplifier A4 acts a schmidt trigger circuit providing fast positive- going transitions coinciding with the positive- going transitions of the waveform generated by winding 18.
  • the four operational amplifiers A 1 to A 4 preferably form a single integrated circuit component.
  • the output of amplifier A 2 is connected to the RESET input of a D-type flip-flop circuit 22 (e.g. one half of a type 4013 CMOS integrated circuit), which has its C input connected to the output of amplifier A4.
  • the IT output of circuit 22 is connected to rail 20 by a resistor R 15 and also by a resistor R 16 and capacitor C 4 in series.
  • the junction of resistor R, 6 and capacitor C 4 which form a low-pass filter, is connected to the D-input of circuit 22.
  • the Q output of circuit 22 is connected by a resistor R 16 to the rail 20 and is also connected to an output terminal 23.
  • the voltage on the coil 18 falls to a negative peak as the leading protuberance 11 of a pair approaches the pole piece 16 and then rises rapidly towards a positive peak as the minimum air gap position is passed, the zero-crossing occurring just when the gap is minimum. There is then another negative peak followed by a positive peak as the trailing protuberance passes, the zero crossing between these occurring at minimum air gap.
  • the output of the amplifier A 1 Prior to the arrival of the negative-going peak the output of the amplifier A 1 is clamped at a voltage close to that of rail 20.
  • the output of amplifier A 1 rises as a result of the arrival of protuberance 11 and then starts to fall again, but, because of web 13, does not fall to its previous clamped level.
  • the trailing protuberance 12 causes the integrator output to rise again and then fall back to its initial level.
  • the amplifier A 2 output goes low before the integrator output reaches its first maximum and remains low until after it passes its second maximum.
  • the amplifiers A3 and A4 provide two negative-going pulses ending with the two zero- crossings mentioned above-See Figures 4D and 4E. The rising edges of these pulses trigger the circuit 22 to provide the required output (see Figure 4F).
  • the whole of the discriminator circuit except the capacitors can be provided in an integrated circuit package, requiring but few external connections.
  • the disc has leading and trailing protuberances 111 and 112 joined by a web 113 as in Figure 1.
  • additional protuberances 114,115, 116, 117 are provided on the webbed portion of the disc.
  • the protuberances should be spaced apart by a distance which is large compared with their own size and with the minimum air gap.
  • a counter 122 is used (see Figure 6).
  • This counter 122 has its RESET terminal connected to the output of amplifier A 2 and its CLOCK terminal connected to the output of amplifier A4.
  • the former amplifier applies a reset input to the counter 122 except when a web is passing the pole piece.
  • the counter 122 counts pulses from amplifier A4 which coincides with the passing of the individual protuberances.
  • the modified arrangement of Figures 5 and 6 may be used in an electronic ignition system to provide a coarse indication of the crankshaft position, a phase-locked loop or similar arrangement being employed to fit a fixed number of "fine” resolution pulses between successive "coarse” pulses.
  • the disc shown in Figure 5 may be modified by the addition of extra pieces of web 111A and 112A shown in dotted lines in Figure 5, so that the protuberances 111 and 112 are spaced from the ends of the web portion. This ensures that fringing flux end effects do not result in the flux failing to reach a clearly defined maximum, (causing a zero-crossing in the winding output), as the peak of the first protuberance passes the pole piece.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Brushless Motors (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Positionsübertrager auf der Grundlage veränderlicher Reluktanz mit einer magnetischen Flußquelle (17), einer Wicklung (18), die mit der Quelle in einem Magnetkreis verbunden ist, der ein Polstück (16) und eine relativ zu diesem bewegliches Glied (10) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Glied eine Oberfläche, mindestens zwei Vorsprünge (11, 12), die aus der Oberfläche in Richtung des beweglichen Glieds beabstandet sind und einen Steg (13) aufweist, der die Vorsprünge verbindet und dessen Höhe geringer als die der Vorsprünge ist, und eine Diskriminierschaltung, die mit der Wicklung verbunden ist, aufweist: eine Integriervorrichtung (A,), der der Ausgang der Wicklung zugeführt wird und eine mit der Integriervorrichtung verbundene Torvorrichtung (A2, 22), wobei die Diskriminierschaltung zwischen der Wicklung bein Vorbeigehen eines Vorsprungs, dem der Steg vorangeht erzeugten Signalen und in der Wicklung beim Vorbeigehen eines Vorsprungs, dem der Steg folgt erzeugten Signalen unterscheidet.
2. Positionsübertrager nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er weiterhin einen mit der Wicklung verbundenen Nulldurchgangsdetektor (A3, A4) aufweist, wobei die Torvorrichtung Eingangssignale von der Integriervorrichtung und dem Nulldurchgangsdetektor erhält.
3. Positionsübertrager nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Torvorrichtung einen Vergleicher (A2), der so verbunden ist, daß er den Ausgang der Integriervorrichtung mit einem Bezugspegel vergleicht und eine Ausgangsschaltung (22) aufweist, die mit dem Vergleicherausgang so verbunden ist, daß sie, wenn der Integratorausgang eine Ruhestellung hat, in einem Rücksetzzustand gehalten wird, wobei die Ausgangsschaltung mit dem Nulldurchgangsdetektor (A3, A4) so verbunden ist, daß sie von diesem immer bein Auftreten eines gleichsinnigen Nulldurchgangs getaktet wird.
4. Positionsübertrager nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ausgangsschaltung (22) eine mit einer Rückkopplungsverbindung versehene D-Flipflop-Schaltung ist, so daß die Flipflop-Schaltung bei jeder Änderung ihres Ausgangszustandes getaktet wird.
5. Positionsübertrager nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Integriervorrichtung aufweist einen Operationsverstärker (A3), dessen invertierender Eingang mit dem einen Ende der Wicklung durch einen Eingangswiderstand (R2) verbunden ist und dessen nichtinvertierenden Eingang mit den anderen Ende der Wicklung verbunden ist, einen Kondensator (C1), der den Ausgang des Operationsverstärkers mit dessen invertierendem Eingang verbindet und eine Vorspannungsschaltung (Rs, R6), die mit dem invertierenden Eingang des Operationsverstärkers verbunden ist und einen Vorspannungsstrom liefert, der den Operationsverstärker in eine gesättigte Ruhelage treibt.
6. Positionsübertrager nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Nulldurchgangsdetektor aufweist: eine Kombination eines Operationsverstärkers (A3), der einen Eingangswiderstand (Ra) und einen Rückkopplungsweg einschließlich einer Diode (D2) mit einem Kondensator (C3), wodurch der Verstärker als Integrator für ein Eingangssignal einer Polarität und als Vergleicher für ein Eingangssignal entgegengesetzter Polarität arbeitet.
7. Positionsübertrager nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Glied (10) die Form einer Scheibe hat, dessen Kante von der Oberfläche, den Vorsprüngen und dem Steg gebildet ist.
8. Positionsübertrager auf der Grundlage veränderlicher Reluktanz mit einer Magnetflußquelle (17), einer Wicklung (18), die mit der Quelle in einem Magnetkreis verbunden ist, der ein Polstück (16) und ein relativ dazu bewegliches Glied (110) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich am beweglichen Glied zumindest ein Stegabschnitt (113), so befindet, daß ein zwischen dem beweglichen Glied (110) und dem Polstück (18) gebildeter Luftspalt verringert wird, wenn der Stegabschnitt dem Polstück gegenübersteht verglichen mit dem Fall, wo der Stegabschnitt nicht dem Polstück gegenübersteht, mehrere Vorsprünge (111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117) auf dem Stegabschnitt ragen, so daß, wenn sich ein Vorsprung neben dem Polstück befindet, der Luftspalt weiter verringert wird, und eine Diskriminerschaltung, die mit der Wicklung verbunden ist, aufweist:
- eine Integriervorrichtung (Ai, A2), der der Ausgang der Wicklung (18) zugeführt wird und die abhängig davon, ob sich der Stegabschnitt neben dem Polstück befindet, ein Ausgangssignal liefert,
- eine Vorsprungsdetektorvorrichtung (A3), die mit der Wicklung verbunden ist und eine Ausgangssignal immer dann liefert, wenn ein Vorsprung am Polstück vorbeigeht, und
-eine Ausgangsschaltung (122), die mit der Integriervorrichtung und dem Vorsprungsdetektor verbunden ist und die Signale von dem Vorsprungsdetektor in einem Zeitintervall zählt, in dem der Ausgang der Integriervorrichtung angibt, daß der Stegabschnitt neben dem Polstück ist.
9. Positionsübertrager nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorsprünge von den Enden des Stegabschnitts beabstandet sind.
EP82300577A 1981-02-18 1982-02-04 Positionsübertrager Expired EP0058498B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8105148 1981-02-18
GB8105148 1981-02-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0058498A1 EP0058498A1 (de) 1982-08-25
EP0058498B1 true EP0058498B1 (de) 1985-09-11

Family

ID=10519800

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82300577A Expired EP0058498B1 (de) 1981-02-18 1982-02-04 Positionsübertrager

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US (1) US4466002A (de)
EP (1) EP0058498B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS57160012A (de)
DE (1) DE3266085D1 (de)
ES (1) ES509725A0 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3918409C2 (de) * 1989-06-06 1999-07-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zum Steuern der Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges, insbesondere der Zündung der Brennkraftmaschine
DE19808744A1 (de) * 1998-03-02 1999-05-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zum Steuern einer Brennkraftmaschine
US7221151B2 (en) * 2003-01-31 2007-05-22 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Magnetic array position sensor

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3832635A (en) * 1972-01-07 1974-08-27 Canadian Nat Railway Co Combined digital-analogue speedometer
GB1482626A (en) * 1973-09-12 1977-08-10 Lucas Electrical Ltd Spark ignition systems for internal combustion engines
DE2357061C2 (de) * 1973-11-15 1985-02-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Einrichtung zur Abgabe von gleichmäßigen Impulsen bei bestimmten Winkelstellungen einer drehbaren Welle und zur Bildung von wenigstens einem Bezugssignal
GB1514735A (en) * 1974-05-21 1978-06-21 Lucas Electrical Ltd Angular position transducer for use in engine timing controls
US4013945A (en) * 1975-05-12 1977-03-22 Teleco Inc. Rotation sensor for borehole telemetry
IT1043269B (it) * 1975-10-10 1980-02-20 Magneti Marelli Spa Sistema di inviduazione di una pluralita di posizioni angolaridi un organo rotante
US4039946A (en) * 1976-03-18 1977-08-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Tachometer
JPS5436961A (en) * 1977-08-29 1979-03-19 Nissan Motor Angleeoffrotation detector
JPS54163061A (en) * 1978-06-15 1979-12-25 Nippon Denso Co Revolution positional detector
JPS554518A (en) * 1978-06-26 1980-01-14 Hitachi Ltd Crank angle detector of engines
GB2028511A (en) * 1978-08-19 1980-03-05 Gunton Electronics Ltd Indicating stages of an operating cycle
DE2849473A1 (de) * 1978-11-15 1980-08-07 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung zur erzeugung eines fuer den bewegungsablauf der kurbelwelle einer mehrzylindrigen vier-takt-brennkraftmaschine charakteristischen ausgangssignals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4466002A (en) 1984-08-14
JPS57160012A (en) 1982-10-02
EP0058498A1 (de) 1982-08-25
DE3266085D1 (en) 1985-10-17
ES8309054A1 (es) 1983-10-01
ES509725A0 (es) 1983-10-01
JPS6367841B2 (de) 1988-12-27

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