EP0058092B1 - Dispositif d'impression rotatif muni d'indices inhérentes - Google Patents

Dispositif d'impression rotatif muni d'indices inhérentes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0058092B1
EP0058092B1 EP19820300660 EP82300660A EP0058092B1 EP 0058092 B1 EP0058092 B1 EP 0058092B1 EP 19820300660 EP19820300660 EP 19820300660 EP 82300660 A EP82300660 A EP 82300660A EP 0058092 B1 EP0058092 B1 EP 0058092B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protrusions
interposer
printing device
drive shaft
printwheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820300660
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0058092A2 (fr
EP0058092A3 (en
Inventor
Robert A. Ragen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Publication of EP0058092A2 publication Critical patent/EP0058092A2/fr
Publication of EP0058092A3 publication Critical patent/EP0058092A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0058092B1 publication Critical patent/EP0058092B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J1/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the mounting, arrangement or disposition of the types or dies
    • B41J1/22—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the mounting, arrangement or disposition of the types or dies with types or dies mounted on carriers rotatable for selection
    • B41J1/24—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the mounting, arrangement or disposition of the types or dies with types or dies mounted on carriers rotatable for selection the plane of the type or die face being perpendicular to the axis of rotation
    • B41J1/28—Carriers stationary for impression, e.g. with the types or dies not moving relative to the carriers
    • B41J1/30—Carriers stationary for impression, e.g. with the types or dies not moving relative to the carriers with the types or dies moving relative to the carriers or mounted on flexible carriers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a rotary printing device, such as a daisy-type printwheel or a cup-shaped printing element, for use in an impact printer.
  • the printwheel is provided with identification features thereon which, in one form, serve to locate a "home” or reference position.
  • the identification features provide to the printer, in addition to locating a "home” position, information regarding the font style, language, pitch, point size and other characteristics. This information enables the printerto select the desired characters, to increment the carriage by the correct amount, and to impact the printwheel at the proper energy level.
  • a method and apparatus for in situ identification of the rotary printing device is also comprehended in this invention.
  • Printing device identification to the printer may be provided directly by the user through a keyboard entry, or the printer may "read” this information directly from the loaded device. Once the identifying information has been received, the printer will make the necessary control adjustments. This may be accomplished, as taught in US-A-4,074,798 by any number of embodiments of read-only memory, in the form of optical or magnetic indicia, arranged in a circular manner on the printwheel hub.
  • Xerox Disclosure Journal, Vol. 1, Nos. 9/10, Sept./Oct. 1976, p. 25 discusses, in general terms, the desirability of placing a code upon each petal to control the impact force forthat character.
  • IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 22, No.11, April 1980 teaches the use of optical indicia placed upon the end portion of printwheel petals for identifying the printwheel font.
  • the printwheel is provided with an opening in the form of a keyway into which a locating key is positioned, upon mounting of the printwheel relative to its rotatable drive shaft.
  • the keyway is fabricated to establish, within desired tolerances, the precise location of the "home" position.
  • FIG. 5 of the US-A-4,209,262 Magnetically or optically readable indicia upon the printwheel may be accessed through an aperture in the loading cartridge, by a suitable magnetic or optical sensor. By use of this marking and detection method, the home position of the wheel may be sensed. In addition, this patent teaches that a predetermined pattern of similar indicia may be used to define a code to indicate the type of character font used.
  • the paper record member is a bonded composite material made up of diverse particulate ingredients. These include: the bulk particles of small discrete cellulosic fibers of wood pulp, fillers such as clay, sizing such as rosin, coloring dyes, and bonding agents such as starches. When the paper is repeatedly impacted at high speeds and energy, clouds of particles are beaten off this composite material resulting in a contamination of the interior of the printer. Clearly, the particulates will detract from the effectiveness of the optical sensing devices and may even render them totally inoperative after a period of prolonged usage.
  • a further drawback of the sensed indicia approach resides in the increased manufacturing costs of the printwheel bearing the optical or magnetic indicia. Affixing the indicia, in the form of reflective stripes, requires integrally molding them or adhering them to the wheel by some other means. Both approaches are costly. Similarly, the use of magnetic indicia in conjunction with magnetic sensors also elevates the cost of the printwheel elements.
  • the rotary printing device of the present invention is provided with mounting means for coupling the printing device to a drive shaft, without regard to angular alignment, "home" position identifying means and characteristic identifying means, comprising two precisely located protrusions.
  • mounting means for coupling the printing device to a drive shaft without regard to angular alignment, "home" position identifying means and characteristic identifying means, comprising two precisely located protrusions.
  • a foolproof method and apparatus for the in situ interpretation of both identifying means is also comprehended.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 an overall view of a representative printer with which one form of the novel printing device of this invention may be used.
  • the illustrated printer provides one suitable environment for supporting, rotating, sensing and impacting the device.
  • the novel printing device of this invention may be in the form of a disk-shaped printwheel (as illustrated), a cup-shaped element (as referred to above), or any other suitable construction, and may be used in conjunction with any suitable impact printer mechanism.
  • frame 10 External support for the printer is provided by rectangular frame 10 which carries a cylindrical platen 12 having end knobs 14 and 16 for manually rotating the platen to advance and retract a paper record member wrapped thereon. Spanning the long dimension of the frame 10 are smooth, parallely-aligned support rods 18 and 20 upon which carriage 22 is mounted for reciprocating linear movement from one end of the frame to the other end, on low-friction roller assemblies 24 and 26.
  • the motive force for carriage 22 is provided by carriage motor 28 secured to frame 10 by suitable fastening members.
  • the motor 28 has drive shaft 30 extending outwardly therefrom upon which is mounted a drive pulley 32, in the form of a capstan.
  • Anchored to the pulley 32 are left cable segment 34 and right cable segment 36, each counterwound thereon.
  • Cable segment 34 passes to idler pulleys 38 and 40, then over a portion of carriage pulley 42 (see Figure 2) and is firmly secured to tensioning anchor 44 mounted upon the frame 10.
  • cable segment 36 passes to idler pulleys 46 and 48, over a portion of carriage pulley 42 (in the opposite direction) and has its end firmly secured to anchor 50 mounted upon the opposite frame wall.
  • Accurate control of the energization of carriage motor 28, by the machine logic circuitry enables the carriage to be moved incrementally, either to the left or to the right (as viewed in Figure 1), by the desired amount and at the desired speed.
  • a paper feed motor 52 fixed to the right wall of frame 10 (as viewed in Figure 1), drives the platen 12 through a gear train 54.
  • paper may be advanced incrementally.
  • a printwheel drive motor 56 to which is secured a printwheel 58, a hammer assembly 60, and a ribbon cartridge 62.
  • Inked ribbon 64 stored within and advanced by the ribbon cartridge, is interposed between the printwheel type elements and the paper 66 wrapped upon platen 12.
  • the printwheel drive motor 56 has a central axiat shaft 68 extending outwardly beyond the motor, both forwardly and rearwardly.
  • the forward end of shaft 68 comprises a splined printwheel engaging and driving head 70 upon which the printwheel 58 may be mounted for being positively driven thereby.
  • a transducer 72 including a rotatable disk 74, mounted upon and for rotation with shaft 68, and a fixed disk 76, secured to the motor housing.
  • the transducer provides position signals representative of the rotational position of shaft 68 (and thus printwheel 58) to the printer control electronics in a known manner, as more specifically set forth in US-A-3,839,665 and 3,954,163.
  • the printwheel 58 includes a central hub portion 78 from which a plurality of spokes 80 extend radially outwardly, each spoke terminating in a pad 82 upon which a character element is formed.
  • the material of the printwheel is fabricated is of no import in the context of this invention. Preferably, it is molded of a suitable plastics material, however, heavy duty composite (i.e. plastics and metal combination) printwheels are also prevalent today and may be constructed to incorporate the instant invention.
  • the printwheel includes a handling cap 84, secured to one side of the printwheel, and having central cavity 86 in axial alignment with a central opening in hub 78.
  • the cavity 86 is illustrated as being splined for receiving splined head 76 of drive shaft 68.
  • any positive drive configuration may be used, such as a common square or hexagonal mating arrangement.
  • mounting and withdrawal of the printwheel from the shaft 68 is a simple and casual manual operation for the operator, since no attention need be paid to proper alignment of the printwheel, as heretofore required.
  • cap 84 may be eliminated entirely, it being sufficient to provide the printwheel hub with some suitable mating arrangementfor receiving the drive shaft.
  • protrusions 88A and 888 Extending axially from the hub 78, are a pair of protrusions or identification pins 88A and 888.
  • the protrusions are illustrated as being of circular cross-section, it should be understood that they may be of any desired shape. They are preferably disposed on a common circle and are spaced from one another by a predetermined identification angle a, which must be less than 180° (its complementary angle is designated as (3).
  • One of the pins (88A for the sake of this description) is the home position indicator. Dashed radius "R", tangential to the pin 88A, will be the reference position from which the angular rotation to each of the characters is counted. The included angle a, between the pins, will identify to the printer all the information necessary to operate that particular printwheel properly.
  • font style viz. Pica, OCR, Emphasis
  • pitch viz. 10,12, PS
  • font language viz. French, German, English
  • a suitable detector device is required.
  • One such detector embodiment 90 is disclosed in Figures 2 and 4. It includes a selectively movable interposer 92 which may be moved by solenoid actuator 94 mounted upon carriage 22, or any other suitable device.
  • a detection cycle is effected. Since prudent practice dictates deenergizing the printer when the cover is opened for replacement of the printwheel, the detection cycle may be included in the usual power-up sequence.
  • a representative detection cycle may include the following steps: first, the printwheel drive motor 56 is energized to rotate the printwheel at a slow speed, i.e. less than one and one-half revolutions per second (as compared to its normal print speed, i.e.
  • the interposer 92, of detector 90 is moved by means of the solenoid 94 into interference relationship with the pins 88A and 88B; third, the printwheel drive motor is stopped when one of the pins 88 contacts the interposer 92, stopping the drive motor and arresting the train of signals from the transducer; fourth, the direction of printwheel motor 56 is reversed and printwheel 58 will be slowly rotated until the other of the pins 88 contacts the interposer 92, again stopping the drive motor and arresting the train of signals from the transducer; and finally, the interposer is retracted by the solenoid 94.
  • the angle between pins 88A and 88B can easily be ascertained by counting the number of transducer-generated zero-crossing signals transmitted during the reverse rotation of the printwheel motor. Rotation of the printwheel during the first step of the detection cycle (i.e. before introduction of the interposer 92) is effected to prevent jamming or locking of the drive motor, which could result if one of the pins were in direct alignment with the interposer at the time the solenoid actuator 94 is energized, and the interposer is urged against a pin.
  • the drive motor and the interposer solenoid may be energized simultaneously rather than sequentially, as set forth above.
  • the printwheel 58 may be mounted upon the shaft 68 without iegard to aligning it at a home position.
  • the interposer may measure either the angle a or the angle ⁇ .
  • the printer control electronics are programmed to identify an angle between 0° and 180°. In the event that an angle greater than 180° is measured, that angle is merely subtracted from 360° to determine the printwheel characteristic identification angle.
  • the printer control electronics may be programmed to generate the same output identification for the a or (3 angle.
  • the printwheel "home” or reference position may be arbitrarily selected to be adjacent to pin 88A in the a zone. Therefore, it is determined by the juxtaposition of wall "r" of interposer 92 and pin 88A. Clearly, if the measured angle is ⁇ , the opposite walls of interposer 92 and pin 88A will be in contact, thus, the printer control electronics must also be programmed to compensate for the pin and interposer dimensions, to correctly determine the angle a and to locate the home position, in the event that angle (3 is measured.
  • a detector including a fixed interposer, is mounted on the left frame element (as viewed in Figure 1) adjacent a carriage stop, also mounted upon the left frame element.
  • the carriage At the initiation of the power-up sequence, the carriage will be moved fully to the left until it abuts the stop. Prior to contacting the stop, the printwheel drive motor will begin to rotate the wheel at the slow detection speed.
  • the interposer will be in a position to interfere with the free rotation of the printwheel, but because of the premature rotation, the drive motor will not jam, if they happen to be in direct alignment.
  • Ths subsequent detection cycle steps as set forth above may then be carried out, namely, the printwheel is rotated in a first direction until it hits one of the pins, then the printwheel is rotated in the opposite direction until it is again stopped by the other pin.
  • the measured angle a or ⁇ is determined and the printer control electronics are armed with all the information necessary for proper utilization of the new printwheel.
  • the printer control electronics restore the carriage to its previous location relative to the platen (and document) after the printwheel has been identified, so that the task may be completed.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment of the unique printing device is identified as 58' in Figures 6 and 7 wherein the protrusions 88A' and 88B' are on opposite sides of the printwheel and the interposer 92' is in the form of a U-shaped element. It is contemplated that this form of the printing device be utilized with the detector device and detection cycle described in the preceding paragraph, wherein the interposer 92' is fixed on the printer frame and the printwheel carriage is brought into interference relationship with the interposer during the detection cycle. It should be apparent that this embodiment will be practical only with a disk-shaped printing device.
  • a further embodiment of the printing device is suggested.
  • the printwheel 58" illustrated in Figure 8 having protrusions 88A and 88B on one side (as in Figure 3) and a third protrusion 88C located on the opposite side, a further identification region of substantially 360° becomes possible.
  • the identification region defined by the angle y between protrusion 88C and reference (“R"), may be measured by a second interposer 93 moved into interference relationship with the protrusion 88C at the appropriate time.
  • interposer 93 has been shown in Figure 8 at the 3 o'clock position, it should be understood that it may be mounted in any advantageous location as long as it is able to perform its desired function.
  • the method of in situ identification will follow the series of steps set forth above, with respect to the Figure 3 embodiment, with the addition of the further steps of removing interposer 92, rotating the printwheel at the slow speed, and moving the interposer 93 into interference position. Since the printer electronics would have already determined the location of the reference position it is a simple matter to measure the angle (up to 360°) between that position and the third protrusion, in either direction. Therefore, it is a matter of choice to rotate the printwheel in the direction or in the second direction.
  • FIG. 9 for a graphic representation of the printer control electronics capable of carrying out the in situ identification of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 through 5.
  • the printwheel drive motor 56 rotates the printwheel 58 relative to the interfering interposer 92.
  • the transducer 72 also carried on the shaft of the drive motor 56, generates a cyclical signal, as the drive shaft rotates, whose cycles are sensed by the processor 96 as an indication of a predetermined incremental rotation of the printwheel.
  • the processor 96 may be similar to the processor 76 disclosed in US-A-4,058,195 and found in the Hy Type II serial printer manufactured by Diablo Systems Inc. of Hayward, California.
  • the cyclical signal train is used by the control elements of the processor 96, referred to generally as the controller 98, to increment a counter defined in a storage location of a random access memory (RAM) 100, within the processor 96.
  • the counter will be reset by the controller, during the identification cycle, upon the first incidence of arrested movement of the drive motor, indicating that the first protrusion has been contacted. Continued rotation of the drive motor will again allow the transducer to generate cyclical position signals. Each cycle is then counted by the RAM counter until the second incidence of arrested movement stops the train of signals, at which time the counter is also stopped by the controller.
  • the value stored in the RAM counter indicates the number of cycles, of the cyclical signal train, between protrusions 88A and 88B.
  • the stored value is applied as an address to a table read-only-memory (ROM) 102 which contains all the characterizing data for each printwheel to be used with the printer.
  • ROM read-only-memory
  • the table ROM will also be programmed to generate the same characterizing data for a stored RAM value indicative of the a angle or angle.

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  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Dispositif d'impression rotatif (58) pour utilisation dans une imprimante à impact lorsqu'il est monté sur un arbre d'entraînement rotatif (68), le dispositif comportant un moyeu central (78) à partir duquel s'étendent une multitude de rayons radiaux (80) se terminant par des patins (82) de support de caractères, et comportant un moyen (86) sur le moyeu pour monter le dispositif sur un arbre d'entraînement rotatif d'une façon telle qu'on évite un mouvement angulaire relatif entre l'arbre et le dispositif, et au moins deux saillies (88) sur le moyeu, les saillies étant espacées d'une distance angulaire qui est caractéristique du dispositif.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les deux saillies débordent du même côté du moyeu.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, comprenant une troisième saillie sur l'autre côté du moyeu, dans lequel l'une des saillies identifie une position de référence et dans lequel c'est l'angle inclus entre la saillie de référence et une autre saillie qui identifie la caractéristique du dispositif.
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'angle inclus entre deux saillies est inférieur à 180°.
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif a la forme d'un disque.
6. Procédé pour l'identification in situ de caractéristiques d'un dispositif d'impression rotatif monté sur un chariot dans une imprimante à impact, dans lequel le dispositif d'impression comprend des saillies d'identification s'étendant vers l'extérieur, où l'angle entre les saillies, ai itour de l'axe du dispositif d'impression, identifie la caractéristique de l'élément d'impression, comprenant les étapes consistant à:
- monter le dispositif d'impression sur un arbre d'entraînement rotatif,
- animer l'arbre d'entraînement d'un mouvement de rotation dans une première direction,
- produire un train de signaux en réponse au mouvement angulaire de l'arbre d'entraînement,
- introduire un élément d'interposition dans l'espace séparant les saillies,
- arrêter l'arbre d'entraînement lorsque la première saillie est en contact avec l'élément d'interposition,
-détecter la première apparition du mouvement arrêté,
- produire une première valeur d'identification représentative de la première position d'arrêt,
- inverser le sens de rotation de l'arbre,
- arrêter l'arbre d'entraînement lorsque la seconde saillie est en contact avec l'élément d'interposition,
- détecter la seconde apparition du mouvement arrêté,
- produire une seconde valeur d'identification représentative de la seconde position d'arrêt, et
- identifier la caractéristique du dispositif d'impression à partir de la différence entre les première et seconde valeurs d'identification.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'une des saillies est un élément de référence, et comprenant l'étape consistant à identifier l'emplacement de la position de référence du dispositif d'impression à partir des première et seconde valeurs d'identification.
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6-7, dans lequel l'arbre d'entraînement est animé d'un mouvement de rotation à une vitesse sensiblement inférieure aux vitesses utilisées pendant l'impression.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6-8, comprenant l'étape consistant à déterminer l'angle entre les saillies en réponse à la différence entre les première et seconde valeurs d'identification, et dans lequel si l'angle est inférieur à 180°, l'étape consistant à déceler la position de rérérence du dispositif d'impression au droit du rayon du dispositif d'impression passant par le point de contact entre l'élément d'interposition et l'une des saillies, ou, si l'angle est supérieur à 180°, à localiser la position de référence du dispositif d'impression au droit de la tangente radiale à celle des saillies qui est éloignée du point de contact entre l'élément d'interposition et la saillie.
10. Dispositif pour l'identification in situ de la caractéristique d'un dispositif d'impression rotatif (58) monté sur un chariot (22) dans une imprimante à impact, dans lequel le dispositif d'impression comporte une paire de saillies d'identification (88) s'étendant vers son extérieure, et dans lequel les angles entre les saillies identifient sa caractéristique, comprenant:
- un moyen (84, 86) pour monter le dispositif d'impression sur l'arbre d'entraînement (68) d'un moteur d'entraînement (56) monté sur le chariot,
- un moyen (56) pour animer l'arbre d'entraînement d'un mouvement de rotation;
- un moyen pour déplacer un élément d'interposition (90) et l'introduire dans l'espace entre les saillies afin d'arrêter l'arbre d'entraînement lorsqu'une saillie vient en contact avec l'élément d'interposition,
- un moyen pour produire un signal représentatif du mouvement angulaire incrémentiel de l'arbre d'entraînement;
- un moyen pour détecter la première apparition d'une rotation arrêtée lorsque la première saillie est en contact avec l'élément d'interposition, et pour détecter la seconde apparition d'une rotation arrêtée lorsque la seconde saillie est en contact. avec l'élément d'interposition après rotation dans la direction opposée,
- un moyen (96) pour stocker une information représentative de la distance angulaire entre les saillies, et
- un moyen (96) pour identifier la caractéristique du dispositif d'impression en réponse à l'information stockée.
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, dans lequel l'élément d'interposition est monté sur le chariot et est mobile entre une première position dégagée des saillies et une seconde position dans le trajet des saillies.
12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou la revendication 11, dans lequel l'élément d'interposition est monté sur une paroi du châssis de l'imprimante, où une butée de chariot est prévue en un endroit contigu à la paroi pour stopper le chariot à une position dans laquelle l'élément d'interposition se trouve dans le trajet de la saillie lorsque le dispositif d'impression est animé d'un mouvement de rotation.
EP19820300660 1981-02-11 1982-02-10 Dispositif d'impression rotatif muni d'indices inhérentes Expired EP0058092B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23353881A 1981-02-11 1981-02-11
US233538 1981-02-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0058092A2 EP0058092A2 (fr) 1982-08-18
EP0058092A3 EP0058092A3 (en) 1984-03-28
EP0058092B1 true EP0058092B1 (fr) 1987-07-22

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EP19820300660 Expired EP0058092B1 (fr) 1981-02-11 1982-02-10 Dispositif d'impression rotatif muni d'indices inhérentes

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EP (1) EP0058092B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57163573A (fr)
CA (1) CA1186265A (fr)
DE (1) DE3276797D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4496254A (en) * 1983-03-18 1985-01-29 Primages, Inc. Method and apparatus for mounting a daisy print wheel on the shaft of a print head
IT1158917B (it) * 1983-03-30 1987-02-25 Olivetti & Co Spa Stampante seriale
CH656836A5 (fr) * 1984-05-22 1986-07-31 Caracteres Sa Disque porte-caracteres pour machine imprimante.
US6260950B1 (en) 1995-04-21 2001-07-17 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ink jet printing system using printers with interchangeable printing units

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE757619A (fr) * 1969-12-11 1971-04-01 Ibm Dispositif d'impression-serie
GB1290090A (fr) * 1970-03-30 1972-09-20
US4091911A (en) * 1976-05-03 1978-05-30 Xerox Corporation Control apparatus for serial printer
US4074798A (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-02-21 Xerox Corporation Encoded print wheel system
DE2710427A1 (de) * 1977-03-10 1978-09-14 Adlerwerke Kleyer Ag H Einrichtung zum antrieb und zur ansteuerung eines vorzugsweise als typenscheibe ausgebildeten typentraegers
JPS5478220A (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-06-22 Ricoh Kk Serial impact printer
US4264220A (en) * 1979-12-12 1981-04-28 International Business Machines Corporation Printwheel homing apparatus

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DE3276797D1 (en) 1987-08-27
JPS57163573A (en) 1982-10-07
CA1186265A (fr) 1985-04-30
EP0058092A2 (fr) 1982-08-18
EP0058092A3 (en) 1984-03-28

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