EP0057928B2 - Umgebungsluftverdampfer - Google Patents
Umgebungsluftverdampfer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0057928B2 EP0057928B2 EP19820100879 EP82100879A EP0057928B2 EP 0057928 B2 EP0057928 B2 EP 0057928B2 EP 19820100879 EP19820100879 EP 19820100879 EP 82100879 A EP82100879 A EP 82100879A EP 0057928 B2 EP0057928 B2 EP 0057928B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- passes
- fins
- pass
- tube
- vaporizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
Definitions
- This invention relates to an atmospheric vaporizer suitable for vaporizing cryogenic liquids on a substantially continuous basis at greatly improved operating efficiency.
- Atmospheric gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and argon find wide use in a variety of applications. These gases are typically produced by means of air separation plants. Users of large quantities of such gases may have air separation units at the site of gas usage, while users of small quantities of such gases generally find it convenient to purchase their requirements in cylinders. Users of intermediate or moderate amounts of such gases generally do not have sufficient usage to justify an on-site air separation plant, but generally their requirements are large enough to make purchasing of gas in cylinders uneconomical. Typically, moderate users of gases will find it convenient to maintain on-site cryogen ic liquid storage tanks and vaporize the liquid as requirements dictate. The gas is then piped to the use locations. The usage requirements may be intermittent or continuous.
- An atmospheric vaporizer is a device which vaporizes cryogenic liquids by employing heat absorbed from the ambient air. Atmospheric vaporizers have been employed by users of intermediate quantities of gases as means of vaporizing the stored cryogenic liquid when the user's gas requirements are Intermittent, but generally not when the user's gas requirements are continuous. The reason why atmospheric vaporizers are not generally used for continuous service is because ice and frost build up on the outside surfaces of the atmospheric vaporizer, rendering the unit inefficient after a sustained period of use.
- an atmospheric vaporizer is comprised of one or more passes vertically positioned and piped together.
- the passes are comprised of a center tube through which the liquid passes, and the tube generally has one or more fins attached to it to increase the heat transfer area.
- the passes e.g. may be spaced about 23.5 cm, centedine to centerline, from each other.
- the cryogenic liquid enters at the bottom of one pass, passes up through it and then through a connection to the top of another pass through which it descends. This flow pattern is repeated through other passes as conditions such as usage and ambient temperature dictate.
- the cryogenic liquid passes through the atmospheric vaporizer, the liquid is vaporized and the gas then further heated by heat transferred from the ambient air to the fluid through the vaporizer.
- the gas exits the atmospheric vaporizer at the required flow rate and exit temperature.
- JP-Y-73 032 064 discloses an apparatus for continuously vaporizing a cryogenic liquid by employing heat absorbed from the ambient air comprising at least three vertically positioned passes which are piped together, each pass being comprised of a center tube provided with 8 fins substantially equally spaced around said tube, each fin having a radial length of about 1.5 times the outside diameter of said tube and extending longitudinally along substantially the entire length of said tube, wherein the ratio of the distance between adjacent fin tips to radial fin length is about 1.2.
- vaporizers for continuously vaporizing a cryogenic liquid by employing heat absorbed from the ambient air have become prior art by public use, which vaporizers each comprise more than three substantially vertical positioned passes which are piped together, each pass being comprised of a center tube provided with eight fins substantially equally spaced around the center tube and extending longitudinally along substan- bally the entire length of the center tube.
- These vaporizers are dimensioned as indicated in the table below:
- frost buildup is generally not a problem because whatever frost build up does occur during operation melts off or can be easily removed while the unit is not in operation. Under these conditions, the vaporizer is operating efficiently, and the above-mentioned low efficiency steady state is generally not encountered.
- atmospheric vaporizers are generally not preferred for continuous vaporization of stored cryogenic liquids.
- a vaporizer is employed which utilizes a source of heat other than or in addition to ambient heat. This source of heat or energy is normally obtained from steam or electricity. Due to the escalating cost of energy, it is desirable to reduce or eliminate the need for a supplementary heat source of the vaporizer. It would be desirable to vaporize stored cryogenic liquid continuously without encountering the heretofore unavoidable drastic decrease in operating efficiency characteristic of atmospheric vaporizers of the prior art.
- each pass being comprised of a center the provided with a plurality of fins substantially equally spaced around said tube, each fin having a radial length of at least 1.5 times the outside diameter of said the and extending longitudinally along substantially the entire length of said tube, wherein the ratio of the distance between the tips of the most adjacent fins of adjacent passes to radial fin length is above 1,3, said apparatus being characterized in that each center tube has an outside diameter of from 1.27 to 1.81 cm and is provided with 3 to 8 fins, each fin has a radial length of about 3.5 times the outside diameter of said tube, each pass has a length of from 1.52 to 6.08 m and a vertical distance from the ground or other support platform to the bottom edge of the fins from 0.3 to 1.2 m, and the ratio
- the vaporizer of the present invention employs relatively wide spaces between each vertical pass.
- the wide spaces would be thought, under conventional thinking, to hinder efficient heat transfer.
- the combination of the wide space with the above defined fin length, tube diameter, tube length and vertical distance from the ground or other support platform to the bottom edge of the fins serve not only to compensate for the expected loss of heat transfer efficiency, but surprisingly work together to actually provide improved overall heat transfer over the conventional design.
- Figure 8 illustrates one embodiment of the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention
- Figure 9 is a graphical representation of steady state flow rate versus spacing ratio.
- the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention is comprised of three or more finned passes piped together and arranged in an array having defined spacing in between individual passes.
- Figure 1 illustrates a typical pass 10 comprising a center tube 11 and fins 12.
- the center tube has an outside diameter of from 1.27 to 3.81 cm, preferably about 2.54 cm, and is of sufficient thickness to contain the fluid at the requisite supply pressure.
- the cryogenic fluid passes through the center tube as it passes through the vaporizer.
- the fins 12 extend from the tube in radial fashion and extend longitudinally along the tube for substantially the entire length of the tube.
- the fins normally have a radial length of about 3.5 times the diameter of the tube.
- the fin thickness is not critical, and is generally sufficient to obtain adequate mechanical strength to permit support of the unit in an upright position with suitable brackets and leg supports. Generally, the fin thickness is from 0.16 to 0.32 cm; a convenient thickness is 0.25 cm.
- the number of fins can range from 3 to 8 fins per pass.
- Figure 1 illustrates a four-fin arrangement. The fins are spaced substantially equidistant around the center tube.
- the fins 22 are arranged around the center tube 21 at about 90° from each other.
- the fins 32 are arranged arrund the center tube 31 at about 45° from each other.
- the fins 42 are arranged around the center tube 41 at about 120° from each other.
- Each pass has a length of from 1.52 to 6,08 m, preferably from 2,44 to 4.88 m, most preferably about 3,66 m.
- the fins extend along the length of the center tube substantially from end to end; however, there is a small length at both the top and bottom of the tube where the fins do not extend so as to permit connecting of the passes together.
- the passes are connected together in any suitable manner; a convenient method of connecting is by use of U-bend joints.
- the passes may be constructed from any material having good heat transfer characteristics.
- Aluminum is the preferred material.
- the center tube may be fabricated from stainless steel or monel and fitted with the aluminum fins.
- the passes are usually set on the ground, positioned vertically and held in place by suitable leg supports. Normally, the passes have a ground clearance of from about 0.3 to 1.2 m, preferably from about 0.46 to 0.92 m.
- ground clearance it is meant the vertical distance from the ground, or other platform such as a concrete pad, to the bottom edge of the radial fins. The higher ground clearances would be better suited for climates having significant accumulations of snow so that the vaporizer can clear the level of snow.
- the passes may be piped in series or in a combination of series and parallel configurations.
- the top of one pass is piped to the top of an adjacent pass, and the bottom of a pass is piped to the bottom of an adjacent pass.
- cryogenic fluid enters one pass at the bottom, travels up the pass and over through the connection to an adjacent pass, down that pass arid over through the connection to another pass, and so on until it exits as a gas at the temperature appropriate for the end use.
- the number of passes the fluid flows through, and the path of the fluid, i.e. series or combination series and parallel will depend on various factors, such as end use temperature and flow rate requirements, ambient temperature, heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop factors and other considerations which are known to those skilled in the art.
- the passes of the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention are spaced apart from one another such that the ratio of the distance between fin tips to the fin length, herein also called the spacing ratio, is from 2 to 5.
- the spacing ratio is from 2 to 4 and most preferably it is about 3.
- the spacing ratio is from 2 to 4 and most preferably it is about 3.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an array 50 of four-finned passes.
- one square array is demarcated by individual passes 51, 52, 53 and 54 at the corners of the square.
- Figure 6 illustrates an array 60 of four-finned passes.
- one triangular array is demarcated by individual passes 61, 62 and 63.
- Another triangular array is demarcated by individual passes 62, 63 and 64.
- Figure 7 illustrates an array 70 of three-finned passes.
- one square array is demarcated by individual passes 71, 72, 73 and 74.
- Figure 5 may be used to illustrate some typical modes of operating for the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention.
- a cryogenic liquid may enter the bottom of pass 51, travel up through it and over to pass 52, down this pass and so on down the line until it is discharged as a gas from pass 55.
- the fluid may enter pass 53 and exit pass 56, or enter pass 58 and exit pass 57.
- the inlet fluid could be combined so that the inlets of pass 51, 53 and 58 would be combined and connected to the liquid source and the outlet of pass 55, 56 and 57 would be combined so that the exit gas would all be combined for the end use.
- Those skilled in the art will readily seeadditional ways of operating the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention by altering the fluid path simply by appropriate piping and valving.
- FIG 8 illustrates a typical atmospheric vaporizer of this invention.
- the front supports are shown in broken view in order to more clearly show the inlet and outlet connections.
- liquid cryogen enters the vaporizer through inlet 81, travels up pass 82 and across piping connection 83 to pass 84, down pass 84 and across piping connection 85 to pass 86, up pass 86 and across piping connection 87 to pass 88, and down pass 88 and out outlet 89 in the form of a gas.
- the passes which comprise the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention may be deployed in any suitable spatial configuration consistent with the spacing ratio defined previously. It is expected that the array of three or more passes will define an enclosed air space between them, i.e. that the passes will not all be in a straight line.
- Preferred arrays are rectangular or square arrays as shown in Figures 5 and 7 and triangular arrays as shown in Figure 6.
- the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention may also be provided with one or more control devices.
- One such device is to control the flow rate of the fluid. By regulating the flow of fluid, one can compensate for changes in ambient air temperature and/or system heat transfer efficiency in order to keep the exit gas temperature constant. Such an arrangement is most useful when the particular usage to which the gas is put requires a specific gas temperature or temperature range.
- This invention by employing the critical pass spacing ratio and the other defined features provides an atmospheric vaporizer which is capable of vaporizing cryogenic liquids on a continuous basis at an efficiency considerably higher than is achievable by the use of atmospheric vaporizers of the prior art.
- An atmospheric vaporizer having four passes in a square array was employed to vaporize liquid oxygen and was evaluated to determine its flow capacity at steady state. The evaluation was conducted in a climate control house so that ambient temperature and humidity were relatively constant throughout the evaluation. The vaporizer passes were
- the ambient temperature was kept at about 1.7°C throughout the evaluation and the relative humidity was kept about 100 percent.
- the gas exit temperature was maintained relatively constant throughout the evaluation at about -15°C by periodically adjusting the flow through the vaporizer. As the ice and frost blanket continued to increase, the flow was adjusted downward to maintain the gas exit temperature essentially constant. After about six days of operation the vaporizer operating conditions reached steady state and the flow rate was measured. The results appear in Table 1 under Example 1.
- Comparison of Example 2 with Example 1 demonstrates that the increase in pass spacing ratio from 1.5 to 2.9 results in an increase in steady state flow capacity of 21 percent
- Comparison of Example 2 with Example 4 demonstrates that the increase in pass spacing ratio from 0.4 to 2.9 results in an increase in steady state flow capacity of 90 percent.
- Comparison of Example 3 with Comparative Example 4 demonstrates that even though the fin number per pass was reduced from 8 to 4 resulting in a decrease in the heat transfer area of about 50 percent, an increase in pass spacing ratio from 0.4 to 2.9 results in an increase in steady state flow capacity of 43 percent.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT82100879T ATE12424T1 (de) | 1981-02-10 | 1982-02-08 | Umgebungsluftverdampfer. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US23311181A | 1981-02-10 | 1981-02-10 | |
US233111 | 1999-01-19 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0057928A2 EP0057928A2 (de) | 1982-08-18 |
EP0057928A3 EP0057928A3 (en) | 1982-09-01 |
EP0057928B1 EP0057928B1 (de) | 1985-03-27 |
EP0057928B2 true EP0057928B2 (de) | 1991-12-11 |
Family
ID=22875928
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820100879 Expired - Lifetime EP0057928B2 (de) | 1981-02-10 | 1982-02-08 | Umgebungsluftverdampfer |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0057928B2 (de) |
JP (2) | JPS57146999A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE12424T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8200676A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1160946A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3262739D1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX157500A (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0635799U (ja) * | 1992-10-12 | 1994-05-13 | 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 | 多管式蒸発器 |
US8821458B2 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2014-09-02 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Evaporative body-fluid containers and methods |
US8403902B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2013-03-26 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Reduced-pressure medical systems and methods employing a moisture processing device |
CN110631392A (zh) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-31 | 唐伟明 | 新型空温式汽化器 |
CN112161194B (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2022-01-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种新型高效空温式气化器 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2322341A (en) * | 1940-01-27 | 1943-06-22 | Morris F Booth | Heat exchange unit |
FR1239402A (fr) * | 1959-07-11 | 1960-08-26 | Thermiques Fives Penhoet Soc E | Faisceau de tubes à ailettes extérieures rectilignes, tube aileté pour sa constitution et éléments d'échangeur ainsi obtenus |
JPS5129546U (de) * | 1974-08-26 | 1976-03-03 |
-
1982
- 1982-01-29 CA CA000395206A patent/CA1160946A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-02-08 AT AT82100879T patent/ATE12424T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-08 BR BR8200676A patent/BR8200676A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-08 EP EP19820100879 patent/EP0057928B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-02-08 DE DE8282100879T patent/DE3262739D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-02-09 JP JP1829982A patent/JPS57146999A/ja active Pending
- 1982-02-09 MX MX19130382A patent/MX157500A/es unknown
-
1987
- 1987-10-28 JP JP16376287U patent/JPS63166800U/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0057928A3 (en) | 1982-09-01 |
ATE12424T1 (de) | 1985-04-15 |
JPS57146999A (en) | 1982-09-10 |
CA1160946A (en) | 1984-01-24 |
MX157500A (es) | 1988-11-28 |
EP0057928A2 (de) | 1982-08-18 |
BR8200676A (pt) | 1982-12-14 |
EP0057928B1 (de) | 1985-03-27 |
DE3262739D1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
JPS63166800U (de) | 1988-10-31 |
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