EP0057928A2 - Umgebungsluftverdampfer - Google Patents

Umgebungsluftverdampfer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0057928A2
EP0057928A2 EP19820100879 EP82100879A EP0057928A2 EP 0057928 A2 EP0057928 A2 EP 0057928A2 EP 19820100879 EP19820100879 EP 19820100879 EP 82100879 A EP82100879 A EP 82100879A EP 0057928 A2 EP0057928 A2 EP 0057928A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
passes
vaporizer
pass
atmospheric vaporizer
atmospheric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19820100879
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0057928B2 (de
EP0057928A3 (en
EP0057928B1 (de
Inventor
William Edward Vogler, Jr.
Thomas Gilbert Halvorson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Carbide Corp
Original Assignee
Union Carbide Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22875928&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0057928(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to AT82100879T priority Critical patent/ATE12424T1/de
Publication of EP0057928A2 publication Critical patent/EP0057928A2/de
Publication of EP0057928A3 publication Critical patent/EP0057928A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057928B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057928B1/de
Publication of EP0057928B2 publication Critical patent/EP0057928B2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an atmospheric,vaporizer suitable for vaporizing cryogenic liquids on a substantially continuous basis at greatly improved operating efficiency.
  • Atmospheric gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and argon find wide use in a variety of applications. These gases are typically produced by means of air separation plants. Users of large quantities of such gases may have air separation units at the site of gas usage, while users of small quantities of such gases generally find it convenient to purchase their requirements in cylinders. Users of intermiedate or moderate amounts of such gases generally do not have sufficient usage to justify an on-site air separation plant, but generally their requirements are large enough to make purchasing of gas in cylinders uneconomical. Typically, moderate users of gases will find it convenient to maintain on-site cryogenic liquid storage tanks and vaporize the liquid as requirements dictate. The gas is then piped to the use locations. The usage requirements may be intermittent or continuous.
  • An atmospheric vaporizer is a device which vaporizes cryogenic liquids by employing heat absorbed from-the ambient air. Atmospheric vaporizers have been employed by users of intermediate quantities of gases as means of vaporizing the stored cryogenic liquid when the user's gas requirements are intermittent, but generally not when the user's gas requirements are continuous. The reason why atmospheric vaporizers are not generally used for continuous service is because ice and frost build up on the outside surfaces of the atmospheric vaporizer, rendering the unit inefficient after a sustained period of use.
  • an atmospheric vaporizer is comprised of one or more passes vertically positioned and piped together.
  • the passes are comprised of a center tube through which the liquid passes, and the tube generally has one or more fins attached to it to increase the heat transfer area.
  • the passes are spaced about 9.25 inches, centerline to centerline, from each other.
  • the cryogenic liquid enters at the bottom of one pass, passes up through it and then through a oonnec- tion to the top of another pass through ,which it descends. This flow pattern is repeated through other passes as conditions such as usage and ambient temperature dictate.
  • the cryogenic liquid passes through the atmospheric vaporizer, the liquid is vaporized and the gas then further heated by heat transferred from the ambient air to the fluid through the vaporizer.
  • the gas exits the atmospheric vaporizer at the required flow rate and exit temperature.
  • frost buildup is generally not a problem because whatever frost build up does occur during operation melts off or can be easily removed while the unit is not in operation". Under these conditions, the vaporizer is operating efficiently, and the above-mentioned low efficiency steady state is generally not encountered.
  • atmospheric vaporizers are generally not preferred for continuous vaporization of stored cryogenic liquids.
  • a vaporizer is employed which utilizes a source of heat other than or in addition to ambient heat. This source of heat or energy is normally obtained from steam or electricity. Due to the escalating cost of energy, it is desirable to reduce or eliminate the need for a supplementary heat source of the vaporizer. It would be desirable to vaporize stored cryogenic liquid continuously without encountering the heretofore unavoidable drastic decrease in operating efficiency characteristic of atmospheric vaporizers of the prior art.
  • the present invention comprises an apparatus for continuously vaporizing a cryogenic liquid by employing heat absorbed from the ambient air, said apparatus comprising at least three substantially vertically positioned passes which are piped together, each pass being comprised of a center tube having an outside diameter of from 0.5 to 1.5 inches and provided with 3 to 8 fins substantially equally spaced around said tube, each fin having a radial length of from 1.5 to 7 times the outside diameter of said tube and extending longitudinally along substantially the entire length of said tube, each pass having a length of from 5 to 20 feet and a ground clearance of from 1 to 4 feet, and wherein the ratio of the distance between adjacent fin tips to radial fin length is from 1 to 5.
  • the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention is comprised of three or more finned passes piped together and arranged in an array having defined spacing in between individual passes.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a typical pass 10 comprising a center tube 11 and fins 12.
  • the center tube has an outside diameter of from 0.5 to 1.5 inches (1.27 to 3.81 cm), preferably about 1 inch (2.54 cm), and is of sufficient thickness to contain the fluid at the requisite supply pressure.
  • the cryogenic fluid passes through the center tube as it passes through the vaporizer.
  • the fins 12 extend from the tube in radial fashion and extend longitudinally along the tube for substantially the entire length of the tube.
  • the fins normally have a radial length of from 1.5 to 7 times the diameter of the tube, preferably about 3.5 times the diameter of the tube.
  • the fin thickness is not critical, - and is generally sufficient to obtain adequate mechanical strength to permit support of the unit in an upright position with suitable brackets and leg supports.
  • the fin thickness is from 1/16 to 1/8 inch (0.16 to 0.32 cm); a convenient thickness is 1/10 inch (0.25 cm).
  • the number of fins can range from 3 to 8 fins per pass.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a four-fin arrangement. The fins are spaced substantially equidistant around the center tube.
  • the fins 22 are arranged around the center tube 21 at about 90° from. each other.
  • the fins 32 are arranged around the center tube 31 at about 45° from each other.
  • the fins 42 are arranged around the center tube 41 at about 120° from each other.
  • Each pass has a length of from 5 to 20 feet (1.52 to 6.08 m), preferably from 8 to 16 feet (2.44 to 4.88 m), most preferably about 12 feet (8.66 m).
  • the fins extend along the length of the center tube substantially from end to end; however, there is a small length at both the top and bottom of the tube where the fins do not extend so as to permit connecting of the passes together.
  • the passes are connected together in any suitable manner; a convenient method of connecting is by use of U-bend joints.
  • the passes may be constructed from any material having good-heat transfer characteristics.
  • Aluminum is the preferred material.
  • the center tube may be fabricated from stainless steel or monel and fitted with the aluminum fins.
  • the passes are usually set on the ground, positioned vertically and held in place by suitable leg supports. Normally, the passes have a ground clearance of from about 1 to 4 feet (0.3 to 1.2 m), preferably from about 1.5 to 3 feet (1.46 to 0.92 m).
  • ground clearance it is meant the vertical distance from the ground, or other platform such as a concrete pad, to the bottom edge of the radial fins. The higher ground clearances would be better suited for climates having significant accumulations of snow so that the vaporizer can clear the level of snow.
  • the passes may be piped in series or in a combination of series and parallel configurations.
  • the top of one pass is piped to the top of an adjacent pass, and the bottom of a pass is piped to the bottom of an adjacent pass.
  • cryogenic fluid enters one pass at the bottom, travels up the pass and over through the connection to an adjacent pass, down that pass and over through the connection to another pass and so on until it exits as a gas at the temperature appropriate for the end use.
  • the number of passes the fluid flows through, and the path of the fluid, i.e. series or combination series and parallel will depend on various factors, such as end use temperature and flow rate requirements, ambient temperature,heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop factors and other considerations which are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the passes of the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention are spaced apart from one another such that the ratio of the distance between fin tips to the fin length, herein also called the spacing ratio, is from 1 to 5.
  • the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention employs 1 inch (2.54 cm) diameter passes spaced 13.25 inches (33.66 cm) apart centerline to centerline or 12.25 inches (31.12 cm) apart edge to edge with fins having a radial length of 3.5 inches (8.9 cm).
  • the spacing ratio may be from 1 to 5; preferably the spacing ratio is from 2 to 4 and most preferably it is about 3.
  • atmospheric vaporizers typically employed a spacing ratio of less than 1 and generally the spacing ratio was about 0.4 or less. This is because it was felt that atmospheric vaporizers would operate at better efficiency, i.e., better heat transfer could be attained, when the passes were closer together.
  • This invention comprises the discovery that moving the individual passes further apart than heretofore thought prudent will result, surprisingly, in an increase in efficiency when the spacing ratio is increased to 1, and that the efficiency continues to increase until the spacing ratio is increased to 5.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an array 50 of four-finned passes.
  • one square array is demarcated by individual passes 51, 52, 53 and 54 at the corners of the square.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an array 60 of four-finned passes.
  • one triangular array is demarcated by individual passes 61, 62 and 63.
  • Another triangular array is demarcated by individual passes 62, 63 and 64.
  • Figure 7 illustrates an array 70 of three-finned passes.
  • one square array is demarcated by individual passes 71, 72, 73 and 74.
  • Figure 5 may be used to illustrate some typical modes of operating for the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention.
  • a cryogenic liquid may enter the bottom of pass 51, travel up through it and over to pass 52, down this pass and so on down the line until it is discharged as a gas from pass 55.
  • the fluid may enter pass 53 and exit pass 56, or enter pass 58 and exit pass 57.
  • the inlet fluid could be combined so that the inlets of pass 51, 53 and 58 would be combined and connected to the liquid source and the outlet of pass 55, 56 and 57 would be combined so that the exit gas would all be combined for the end use.
  • Those skilled in the art will readily see additional ways of operating the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention by altering the fluid path simply by appropriate piping and valving.
  • FIG 8 illustrates a typical atmospheric vaporizer- of this invention.
  • the front supports are shown in broken view in order to more clearly show the inlet and outlet connections.
  • liquid cryogen enters the vaporizer through inlet 81, travels up pass 82 and across piping connection 83 to pass 84, down pass 84 and across piping connection 85 to pass 86, up pass 86 and across piping connection 87 to pass 88, and down pass 88 and out outlet 89 in the form of a gas.
  • the passes which comprise the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention may be deployed in any suitable spatial configuration consistent with the spacing ratio defined previously. It is expected that the array of three or more passes will define an enclosed air space between them, i.e. that the passes will not all be in a straight line.
  • Preferred arrays are rectangular or square arrays as shown in Figures 5 and 7 and triangular arrays as shown in Figure 6.
  • the atmospheric vaporizer of this invention may also be provided with one or more control devices.
  • One such device is to control the flow rate of the fluid. By regulating the flow of fluid, one can compensate for changes in ambient air temperature and/or system heat transfer efficiency in order to keep the exit gas temperature constant. Such an arrangement is most useful when the particular usage to which the gas is put requires a specific gas temperature or tempera. ture range.
  • This invention by employing the critical pass spacing ratio and the other defined features provides an atmospheric vaporizer which is capable of vaporizing cryogenic liquids on a continuous basis at an efficiency considerably higher than is achievable by the use of atmospheric- vaporizers of the prior art.
  • An atmospheric vaporizer having four passes in a square array was employed to vaporize liquid oxygen and was evaluated to determine its flow capacity at steady_state.
  • the evaluation was conducted in a climate control house so that ambient temperature and humidity were relatively constant throughout the evaluation.
  • the vaporizer passes were 7.5 feet (2.29 m) in height, each had a ground clearance of 1.5 feet (0.46 m), each had a center tube diameter of one inch (2.54 cm) and each was provided with eight fins. Each fin had a radial length of 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) and a thickness of 0.1 inch (.025 cm).
  • the pass spacing, centerline to centerline was 13.25 inches (33.66 cm) between adjacent passes and the spacing gap, i.e. the space from fin tip to fin tip was 5.25 inches (13.3 cm). Thus, the spacing ratio was 5.25/3.5 - 1.5.
  • the ambient temperature was kept at about 35°F (1.7°C) throughout the evaluation and the relative humidity was kept about 100 percent.
  • the gas exit temperature was maintained relatively constant throughout the evaluation at about 5°F (-15°C) by periodically adjusting the flow through- the vaporizer. As the ice and frost blanket continued to increase, the flow was adjusted downward to maintain the gas exit temperature essentially constant. After about six days of operation the vaporizer operating conditions reached steady state and the flow rate was measured. The results appear in Table 1 under Example 1.
  • Comparison of Example 1 with Example 4 demonstrates that the increase in pass spacing ratio from 0.4 to 1.5 results in an increase in steady state flow capacity of 57 percent.
  • Comparison of Example 2 with Example 4 demonstrates that the increase in pass spacing ratio from 0.4 to 2.9 results in an increase in steady state flow capacity of 90 . percent.
  • Comparison of Example 3 with Comparative Example 4 demonstrates that even though the fin number per pass was reduced from 8 to 4 resulting in a decrease in the heat transfer area of about 50 percent, an increase in pass spacing ratio from 0.4 to 2.9 results in an increase in steady state flow capacity of 43 percent.
  • curve E represents the results employing the vaporizer provided with 8 fins per pass
  • curve F represents the results employing the vaporizer provided with 4 fins per pass.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
EP19820100879 1981-02-10 1982-02-08 Umgebungsluftverdampfer Expired - Lifetime EP0057928B2 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82100879T ATE12424T1 (de) 1981-02-10 1982-02-08 Umgebungsluftverdampfer.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23311181A 1981-02-10 1981-02-10
US233111 1999-01-19

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057928A2 true EP0057928A2 (de) 1982-08-18
EP0057928A3 EP0057928A3 (en) 1982-09-01
EP0057928B1 EP0057928B1 (de) 1985-03-27
EP0057928B2 EP0057928B2 (de) 1991-12-11

Family

ID=22875928

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820100879 Expired - Lifetime EP0057928B2 (de) 1981-02-10 1982-02-08 Umgebungsluftverdampfer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0057928B2 (de)
JP (2) JPS57146999A (de)
AT (1) ATE12424T1 (de)
BR (1) BR8200676A (de)
CA (1) CA1160946A (de)
DE (1) DE3262739D1 (de)
MX (1) MX157500A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110631392A (zh) * 2019-10-08 2019-12-31 唐伟明 新型空温式汽化器
CN112161194A (zh) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-01 哈尔滨工业大学 一种新型高效空温式气化器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0635799U (ja) * 1992-10-12 1994-05-13 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 多管式蒸発器
US8403902B2 (en) 2010-05-18 2013-03-26 Kci Licensing, Inc. Reduced-pressure medical systems and methods employing a moisture processing device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2322341A (en) * 1940-01-27 1943-06-22 Morris F Booth Heat exchange unit
FR1239402A (fr) * 1959-07-11 1960-08-26 Thermiques Fives Penhoet Soc E Faisceau de tubes à ailettes extérieures rectilignes, tube aileté pour sa constitution et éléments d'échangeur ainsi obtenus

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5129546U (de) * 1974-08-26 1976-03-03

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2322341A (en) * 1940-01-27 1943-06-22 Morris F Booth Heat exchange unit
FR1239402A (fr) * 1959-07-11 1960-08-26 Thermiques Fives Penhoet Soc E Faisceau de tubes à ailettes extérieures rectilignes, tube aileté pour sa constitution et éléments d'échangeur ainsi obtenus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110631392A (zh) * 2019-10-08 2019-12-31 唐伟明 新型空温式汽化器
CN112161194A (zh) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-01 哈尔滨工业大学 一种新型高效空温式气化器
CN112161194B (zh) * 2020-09-07 2022-01-28 哈尔滨工业大学 一种新型高效空温式气化器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63166800U (de) 1988-10-31
BR8200676A (pt) 1982-12-14
JPS57146999A (en) 1982-09-10
EP0057928B2 (de) 1991-12-11
ATE12424T1 (de) 1985-04-15
EP0057928A3 (en) 1982-09-01
EP0057928B1 (de) 1985-03-27
DE3262739D1 (en) 1985-05-02
CA1160946A (en) 1984-01-24
MX157500A (es) 1988-11-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4399660A (en) Atmospheric vaporizer
US5251452A (en) Ambient air vaporizer and heater for cryogenic fluids
US5390500A (en) Cryogenic fluid vaporizer system and process
JP3607539B2 (ja) 極低温精留塔を運転する方法
US4584843A (en) Method and apparatus of storing ice slurry and its use for cooling purposes
US3994999A (en) Combination wet-dry cooling tower
US3997635A (en) Method and device for evaporative cooling
JPH0531042B2 (de)
JPH0719764A (ja) 熱交換法と組合せ式直接及び間接閉回路蒸発式熱交換装置
KR100257146B1 (ko) 액체 한제 운반 시스템
US4836446A (en) Device and method for producing artificial snow
US3435623A (en) Cryogenic vaporizer
US3317406A (en) Hot air desalinization apparatus
US20100101240A1 (en) Configurations and Methods for Ambient Air Vaporizers
ES2202691T3 (es) Intercambiador de calor sin congelacion.
EP0057928B1 (de) Umgebungsluftverdampfer
JP5221136B2 (ja) 方向調整器を有する加熱塔装置
JPH1194421A (ja) クライオジェンを噴霧するための装置および方法
US5509996A (en) Method of evaporating and cooling liquid
US10752821B2 (en) Dry cooling systems using thermally induced polymerization
US5351504A (en) Heat pump for heating or refrigerating buildings and delivering in combination hot water for sanitary fixtures
US3293871A (en) Cryogenic vaporizer
JPH0648146B2 (ja) 二重管式オープンラック型気化装置
JP3628309B2 (ja) Ｌｎｇ冷熱利用による炭酸ガスの液化装置
FI129456B (en) AEROPONIC CULTIVATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LU NL SE

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19830228

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 12424

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19850415

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3262739

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19850502

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19860122

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19860228

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, WIESBADEN

Effective date: 19851220

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19870112

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19890208

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19890228

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19890228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PUAH Patent maintained in amended form

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19911204

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19911209

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19911209

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19911210

Year of fee payment: 11

27A Patent maintained in amended form

Effective date: 19911211

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19920127

Year of fee payment: 11

NLR2 Nl: decision of opposition
ET3 Fr: translation filed ** decision concerning opposition
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19920229

Year of fee payment: 11

NLR3 Nl: receipt of modified translations in the netherlands language after an opposition procedure
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19930208

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19930209

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19930228

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CORP.

Effective date: 19930228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19930901

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19930208

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19931029

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19931103

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 82100879.4

Effective date: 19930912

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO