EP0057347B1 - Heizautomat - Google Patents

Heizautomat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057347B1
EP0057347B1 EP82100088A EP82100088A EP0057347B1 EP 0057347 B1 EP0057347 B1 EP 0057347B1 EP 82100088 A EP82100088 A EP 82100088A EP 82100088 A EP82100088 A EP 82100088A EP 0057347 B1 EP0057347 B1 EP 0057347B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
combustion
retort
suction
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82100088A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0057347A3 (en
EP0057347A2 (de
Inventor
Helmut Kleine-Vossbeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RAG AG
Original Assignee
Ruhrkohle AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19818102023 external-priority patent/DE8102023U1/de
Application filed by Ruhrkohle AG filed Critical Ruhrkohle AG
Priority to AT82100088T priority Critical patent/ATE13778T1/de
Publication of EP0057347A2 publication Critical patent/EP0057347A2/de
Publication of EP0057347A3 publication Critical patent/EP0057347A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057347B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057347B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/005—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues using fans

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an automatic heater with retort firing and a suction fan for open hot water heaters, closed heating systems and low-pressure steam systems, the suction fan being switched off after a certain flow temperature has been reached and the ember bed in the retort firing being supplied with combustion air via the natural chimney draft.
  • the problem of the combustion of flame gas coal lies in the emission or in the blackening of the exhaust plume when the induced draft fan is switched off.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding such emissions.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the heater operates at intervals. After reaching the flow temperature set on a thermostat, for example, the induced draft fan is switched off.
  • the ember bed refurbished for the downtime in the retort furnace is then only supplied with little combustion air via the natural chimney draft.
  • the coals begin to smolder, so that the exhaust gases become very black when there is a lack of oxygen. Here Bacharach 8 is observed for minutes.
  • Bacharach describes a method for determining the soot tar number of emissions from a furnace.
  • An exhaust gas volume of 90 liters is extracted from the exhaust gas to be examined using a special sampling device at a constant suction speed of 4 m / s - based on an exhaust gas temperature of 320 ° C and a barometer reading of 753 Torr - and passed through a glass fiber filter sleeve.
  • the carbon dioxide content of the exhaust gases must be measured in the connector immediately after sampling.
  • the dust, soot and tar content in milligrams per normal cubic meter of exhaust gas, based on a carbon dioxide content of 12%, is to be determined from the determined weight of the sample collected in the filter sleeve.
  • the measurement begins three minutes after a quantity of fuel, which corresponds to at least one third of the filling volume of the combustion plant, has been applied to an embers layer sufficient for ignition; the tensile strength must not be throttled. In the case of mechanically charged firing systems, the measurement must be carried out at the highest firing performance.
  • the automatic controller In systems with only automatic control, the automatic controller, in the other cases the manual controller, must be opened completely. Then basic embers are to be produced. In the case of underburning fires, the basic embers must extend to the lower edge of the filling shaft. In the case of burn-through firing, the basic ember height should be approximately 15 cm.
  • the basic embers are produced when the filter paper strip no longer stains in the method described below.
  • An automatic sampling device with sampling probe serves as the measuring device.
  • the automatic sampling device removes 0.15 I ⁇ 0.01 I sample gas from the connector at intervals of one minute in a measuring time of 6 seconds and passes it through a filter paper strip;
  • the dust, soot and tar components contained in the sample gas result in a corresponding sequence of circular color spots of 0.312 cm 2 .
  • the color spots are to be evaluated using the comparison scale described below. The measurement begins with the fuel feed and ends as soon as the filter paper strip is no longer discernible.
  • a white cotton filter paper with a reflectivity of 85% ⁇ 2.5% should be used, which has a flow resistance of 200 to 800 mm water column with a filter surface load of 3 normal liters per square centimeter and minute.
  • the reflectivity of the white cotton filter paper must be checked using an ELEPHO device, magnesium oxide with a reflectivity of 99.2% using a blue filter R457 being used as a standard for comparison.
  • the comparison scale consists of 80 fields of different colors, arranged in a flat rectangular coordinate system. The fields are numbered 0 to 9 on the abscissa and letters A to H on the ordinate.
  • the comparison scale is printed on paper.
  • the fields 0, A to 9, A form the soot comparison scale.
  • the field 0, A has the full reflectivity of the background, the fields 1, A to 9, A are graded in the reflection according to the equation
  • the fields 0, A to 0, H form the tar server. equal scale.
  • the field 0, A has the full reflectivity of the background, the fields B, 0 to H, 0 are graded in the reflection according to the equation
  • the degree of reflection of the fields of the comparison scales must be determined using a Densomat with a Densopak top density measuring head.
  • To determine the reflectance of the tar comparison scale is between light source and Color field to set an Agfa-Gevaert Repro blue filter 552.
  • the other color fields of the comparison scale result from the fact that the soot comparison scale is printed parallel to the abscissa from B to H, the tar comparison scale parallel to the ordinate from 1 to 9.
  • Each color field has an area of 20 mm x 20 mm; the color field is provided with a circular cutout of 6 mm in diameter in the middle.
  • the color fields are printed on the paper so that the impression of a filter paper color spot is created.
  • Each color spot on the filter paper strip is assigned to the color field on the comparison scale that corresponds to its color and is to be rated with the number of the color field.
  • the soot tar number is the arithmetic mean of these numbers.
  • the soot tar number can also be determined according to DIN 18890 sheet.
  • white-brown tones are also recorded.
  • an automatic heater is known with a device for returning a part of the flue gases for the purpose of their admixture to the combustion air with a suction fan.
  • This serves to increase the temperature of the combustion air, for example to prevent the danger of the flue gases falling below the dew point in the air heater, or to add the flue gases to the combustion air to reduce the temperature of the heating gases in order to have a harmful effect on the wall of the Prevent the combustion chamber or the heat transfer surfaces.
  • the intention is not to reduce emissions between the fan's on times.
  • the possibility known per se for recycling the flue gases is used to afterburn the smoldering gases that arise between the switch-on times of the fan. This is preferably done with suction of the carbonization gases that are produced during the usual downtimes. These smoldering gases are then mixed with combustion air and re-introduced into the combustion chamber for post-combustion.
  • Nozzles are arranged at the retort outlet for blowing in the mixture of carbonization gas and combustion air or only for additionally blowing in combustion air.
  • the nozzles are preferably combined in a nozzle tube with nozzles offset from the combustion chamber. In narrow fireboxes, blowing in through a nozzle pipe in each of the side water pockets is sufficient.
  • the extraction of the smoldering gases and the intake of combustion air and their mixing is advantageously carried out by using a second induced draft fan. This suction fan blows the mixture of extracted carbonisation gas and intake combustion air into the nozzle pipe for post-combustion.
  • Particularly favorable extraction conditions for the carbonization gas result from the extraction of the carbonization gases from the intake ports of the induced draft fan which is usually provided for operating the automatic heater with retort firing. At this point, the carbonization gases can be collected in a bundle.
  • an automatic heater operated in this way has Bacharach 1 to 2 in all operating states.
  • the automatic heater according to Figure 1 to 3 is designed as standard for open hot water heating according to DIN 4751 sheet 1 and can be used in a modification for closed heating systems as well as for low pressure steam systems.
  • the automatic heater differs from conventional boiler types by space-saving dimensions, to which an automatic retort firing 1 and a fuel storage 2 outside the boiler contribute.
  • the retort firing 1 is provided twice.
  • Each furnace 1 is assigned a suction 2 with a fan 3.
  • each furnace 1 is provided with special feed 4 and 5 ash removal.
  • the furnaces 1, the feed 4 and the suction 2 can each be controlled differently in combination. This creates a double furnace with a total of 9 different switching options, which guarantee a high level of safety, since half the nominal heat output is always available in any case.
  • the automatic heater consists of a boiler body 6 made of sheet steel, which forms a unit on the heating gas and water side.
  • the boiler body contains two furnaces 1, which work independently of one another, with charging devices 4 and ash removal devices 5. Separate heating surfaces are also assigned to both furnaces. If the secondary heating surface is common, the firing is separated by a vertical water pocket, not shown.
  • the charging devices 1 are separated from one another in terms of switching and control technology, so that individual operation with one furnace is optionally possible. For the rest, a common regulation is provided for both furnaces 1 and an equal loading of the furnaces can thereby be achieved.
  • both combustion chambers assigned to the furnaces 1 have a nominal heat advice of 500 kW.
  • the heater works as follows.
  • a bunker 2 turns coke or coal onto a U-shaped conveyor 7 of a vibratory conveyor given the loading device 4. This is done via appropriate funnels and sliders of the bunker 2.
  • the U-shaped conveyor trough 7 is made of rustproof and abrasion-resistant steel and is located below the bunker 2. It is provided with an electrohydraulic drive, which moves it in the longitudinal direction max. Can move 100 mm back and forth. From the U-shaped conveyor trough 7, the coke or coal arrives in front of a feed tappet 8, which is optionally moved together with the conveyor trough 7. The amplitude is dimensioned according to the desired flow of coke or coal.
  • the feed plunger 8 pushes the coal or coke into the sloping combustion chamber of the retort furnace 1.
  • the gradient is between 20 and 25 °.
  • the furnace ie the retort, is water-cooled on all sides.
  • the charging device 4 works at shorter or longer intervals.
  • an air-cooled grate 9 made of easily replaceable segments is provided in the bottom of the retort of the retort burner 1, an air-cooled grate 9 made of easily replaceable segments is provided in the bottom of the retort of the retort burner 1, an air-cooled grate 9 made of easily replaceable segments is provided. By inflowing the air sucked in by the induced draft fan 3, an optimal combustion takes place on the grate and in the retort.
  • the fuel ignited at the beginning of the grate 9 gradually moves on by pressing in fresh coal or fresh coke.
  • the output of the automatic heater can be varied, for example, in the following manner by different actu
  • the coke or the coal is completely burned out.
  • the slag (ashes) falls automatically into airtight ashtrays of ash removal 5.
  • the garbage cans are normally to be changed every two days.
  • the heating gases flowing through the retort of the retort furnace 1 are deflected sharply at the end of the retort. This entrains coarse-grained solid particles and falls into the garbage cans. The fine-grained solids contained in the heating gas also largely precipitate out in a subsequent calming chamber 10. On their way along secondary heating surfaces 11, the heating gases largely give off their sensible heat to the boiler water flowing through the cooling rooms of the secondary heating surfaces.
  • the automatic heater allows a minimum output of about 5% of the nominal heat output and is thus far below the minimum output of conventional automatic heaters.
  • an adaptation to a very low heat requirement is also advantageously possible.
  • the furnace 1 takes only a few minutes due to a very small embers volume. This enables high demands for comfort. Thanks to precisely matched combustion air and fuel quantities and the elasticity of the furnace, an extremely high boiler efficiency of 85% at nominal heat output can be achieved. The high efficiency in combination with extreme adaptation to changing loads enables extremely economical continuous operation.
  • the automatic heater according to the invention according to FIGS. 4 and 5 differs from the automatic heater according to FIGS. 1 to 3 by a differently arranged suction fan, designated 11, which has the function of the suction 2 and blower 3 according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the gases generated in the automatic heater are drawn off via rear, hollow side cheeks 20.
  • the side cheeks 20 are shown in Figure 5 as lying in front of the section line A-B with dashed lines.
  • the gases enter the side cheeks at 21 and are drawn off by the suction fan 11 at the bottom.
  • a nozzle tube 13 is arranged in the region of the upper deflection tongue 12 of the retort.
  • the nozzle tube 13 is welded to the deflection tongue 12 of the retort and has a number of nozzles arranged offset from the combustion chamber.
  • the nozzle tube 13 is also cooled by the water of the deflection tongue 12. This ensures an adequate lifespan.
  • the smoldering gases generated during the idle time of the induced draft fan 11 are drawn in via a line 15 by means of a second induced draft fan 14 in the intake port of the induced draft fan 11.
  • combustion air is drawn in via an intake port 16.
  • This Ge Mix is pressed by the induced draft fan 14 into the nozzle tube 13 and enters the combustion chamber from its nozzles, so that the carbonization gases can be combusted.
  • the suction line 15 and the suction nozzle 16 can be controlled by flaps which can be actuated together via a mechanism which is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the suction fan 11 is switched on again via the thermostats and the suction fan 14 is switched off at the same time and both control flaps are closed again via the servomotor.
  • the resulting emission values are shown in FIG. 6.
  • the representation is based on a measurement according to DIN 18890 sheet 10.
  • the diagram also contains the suction times of the induced draft fan for primary air and that of the 2nd fan for secondary air.
  • the improvement in the solid emissions is aptly presented.
  • the running time of the secondary air fan begins with the downtime of the primary air fan.
  • the switching times are performance-dependent and are approximately the same for gas coal and crushed coke 4. When coke 4 is burned, the secondary air fan is switched off.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP82100088A 1981-01-28 1982-01-08 Heizautomat Expired EP0057347B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82100088T ATE13778T1 (de) 1981-01-28 1982-01-08 Heizautomat.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8102023U 1981-01-28
DE19818102023 DE8102023U1 (de) 1981-01-28 1981-01-28 "heizautomat"
DE3128330 1981-07-17
DE3128330 1981-07-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057347A2 EP0057347A2 (de) 1982-08-11
EP0057347A3 EP0057347A3 (en) 1982-09-22
EP0057347B1 true EP0057347B1 (de) 1985-06-12

Family

ID=25794671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82100088A Expired EP0057347B1 (de) 1981-01-28 1982-01-08 Heizautomat

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0057347B1 (da)
DE (1) DE3264092D1 (da)
DK (1) DK156147C (da)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE575133C (de) * 1931-01-23 1933-04-24 Eugen Haber Einrichtung zur Rueckfuehrung eines Teiles der Rauchgase zwecks ihrer Beimischung zur Verbrennungsluft bei mit einem Saugzugventilator versehenen Anlagen
CH215623A (de) * 1941-04-01 1941-07-15 Weber Heinrich Apparat zur Brennstoffeinsparung bei Öfen, Warmwasser- und Dampfkesseln.
GB1472591A (en) * 1975-01-09 1977-05-04 Coal Ind Solid fuel fired heaters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0057347A3 (en) 1982-09-22
EP0057347A2 (de) 1982-08-11
DK156147B (da) 1989-06-26
DK31382A (da) 1982-07-29
DK156147C (da) 1989-11-20
DE3264092D1 (en) 1985-07-18

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