EP0056786A1 - Agencement de pompe à chaleur avec utilisation d'un moteur à vapeur froide - Google Patents

Agencement de pompe à chaleur avec utilisation d'un moteur à vapeur froide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056786A1
EP0056786A1 EP82810011A EP82810011A EP0056786A1 EP 0056786 A1 EP0056786 A1 EP 0056786A1 EP 82810011 A EP82810011 A EP 82810011A EP 82810011 A EP82810011 A EP 82810011A EP 0056786 A1 EP0056786 A1 EP 0056786A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat pump
refrigerant
arrangement according
heat
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82810011A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Schmall
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0056786A1 publication Critical patent/EP0056786A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/005—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant by means of a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement with a heat pump with at least one compressor with a refrigerant circuit for transforming a thermal energy potential from at least one heat source of low temperature on the primary side to a higher temperature level on the output or output side.
  • Heat pumps with a refrigerant circuit are increasingly being used to raise thermal energy potential. They are used both industrially and as heat generation units for heating buildings or as air conditioning systems.
  • energy is absorbed from a thermal energy reservoir at an approximately constant temperature, such as river water, ground water, waste heat water, heat storage, roof collector, etc.
  • This energy is delivered in the secondary circuit or on the delivery side with temperatures of usually 50 0 to 60 0 C.
  • the performance factors of such systems easily reach 2 to 3.5. With a power factor of 3.5, this means that a drive power of standardized 1 must be applied in order to utilize a heat quantity of standardized 3.5.
  • the amount of heat taken from the heat reservoir is 2.5.
  • the drive energy for the refrigerant compressor of the heat pump is usually taken from an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention has for its object to improve such heat pump systems and in particular to make them independent of additional drives.
  • the cost-effectiveness of the systems is to be improved. According to the invention, this is achieved primarily by using a refrigerant steam engine to drive a heat pump, which at least partially feeds the refrigerant steam engine with drive heat energy.
  • this can be carried out in such a way that a refrigerant steam engine is provided, the steam generator of which is connected to the discharge side of the heat pump in such a way that it is at least partially fed by the heat energy given off on the discharge side of the heat pump, so that the refrigerant steam motor is used to mechanically drive the heat pump this is connectable, and that a starting device is provided for delivering drive energy for the heat pump until the operating temperature is reached at the outlet of the heat pump.
  • the heat pump without any conventional drive by the refrigerant steam engine, provided there is a temperature sink, the temperature level is lower than that of the primary source; supplied with drive energy and in turn supplies energy for driving the refrigerant steam engine.
  • the heat accumulator can also be used to start the refrigerant steam engine as long as the heat pump on the secondary side does not yet give off any thermal energy.
  • the heat accumulator thus serves as a starting device in this case.
  • a third-party energy source can also be used as the starting device for heating the refrigerant for the refrigerant steam engine, or an auxiliary drive for the heat pump can advantageously be provided as the starting device.
  • auxiliary drive is an electric motor.
  • the arrangement can be implemented in a particularly versatile and economical manner if the electric motor can be connected both to the compressor of the heat pump and to the output side of the refrigerant steam engine and can be switched both as a motor and as a generator for generating electrical energy when driven by the refrigerant steam engine.
  • This arrangement is practically completely independent of external power supply due to the self-generation of electrical energy and is therefore particularly susceptible to failure.
  • the efficiency of the overall arrangement is significantly improved if the heat pump on the output side is connected to a heat exchanger and evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant of the expander machine, if a steam boiler is provided for receiving the evaporated refrigerant and delivering it to the expander machine, if the output of the expander machine is to one Recooler or condenser is connected, in which the refrigerant is liquefied, and if an injector is also provided, which feeds the liquefied refrigerant in the expander system to the evaporator connected to the discharge side of the heat pump.
  • the efficiency can be further improved and the arrangement can be further simplified if the injector can be driven by the expander machine.
  • the heat pump, the refrigerant steam motor, the auxiliary drive and the injector are arranged on a common axis and thus losses due to intermediate gears, converters and the like are avoided.
  • the efficiency of the refrigerant steam engine can be improved if the recooler is connected to the primary circuit of the heat pump to release some of the residual heat. As a result, some of the residual heat in the circulating refrigerant is also used and returned to the circuit. However, it is necessary to have a heat sink with a temperature lower than that of the primary source.
  • Heat losses can be avoided and the efficiency can be further improved if the heating arrangement is provided directly in the evaporator and / or in the steam boiler of the expander machine. Resistance heating, which heats up with a low time constant, i.e. enabled with little delay.
  • an external heating arrangement can also be provided additionally or alternatively. This offers e.g. in composite systems or mixing systems, in which thermal energy from different heat sources is used and fed to a common storage and / or consumer.
  • the heating arrangement is a resistance heater, this can be partially supplied by the generator as soon as the refrigerant steam motor and the heat pump have started up.
  • the invention therefore provides an optimally simple arrangement for using excess secondary energy from a heat pump to drive a refrigerant steam engine, which in turn operates the heat pump, with a heat sink allowing all the heat transfer required.
  • Such conditions are found, for example, in cold regions of the world, in which Sea water around 0 ° C, air temperatures of eg - 30 0 C and desired heating temperature of eg + 20 0 are available.
  • this requires greater energy consumption in the primary circuit of the heat pump, this can either be solved by over-dimensioning the heat pump, or by extending the operating time of the heat pump and pumping heat energy during the heating breaks into a heat storage device and from there during times of Peak demand taken and is also used to operate the refrigerant steam engine.
  • the starting of the overall arrangement is also particularly easily accomplished by a corresponding starting device in the form of a drive motor and / or an additional energy source.
  • the arrangement has a heat pump 1, the primary circuit 2a of which is supplied by a pump 3 with water of 2 ° C. from a source, not shown.
  • the heat pump 1 has a secondary circuit 2b, in which a heat transfer medium is delivered to the heating circuits 5 by a circulation pump 4.
  • the heat transfer medium has a temperature of 400 ° C.
  • the control of the temperature in the heating circuits is regulated by a known and therefore not described controller 6.
  • the heat transfer medium of the secondary circuit 2b also flows through a heat spiral 7, which is arranged in the steam generator 8 of an expansion motor 19.
  • the steam generator 8 is designed as a boiler with a heat exchanger, into which refrigerant is introduced via a line 9 and an injector 10.
  • the refrigerant emerging from the expansion motor 19 is fed to a condenser heat exchanger 11 in the circuit performed before it is released again to the steam generator 8 via the line 9.
  • the condenser, heat exchanger 11 the refrigerant from the vaporous phase is completely returned to the liquid phase, wherein residual heat given to the primary circuit 2a, and hence the heat pump 1 is supplied, while a heat sink 20, for example, with outside air from - 30 0 C, the re-cooling to a allows lower temperature.
  • Heat pump 1 and expansion motor 19 are arranged on a common shaft 12, so that the expansion motor 19 drives the heat pump 1.
  • a controller 13 is also provided in the circuit of the expansion motor 19, which regulates the operation of the expansion motor 19 in a manner known per se and can also block the secondary circuit 2b of the heat pump 1 as a function of the speed until the expansion motor 19 has fully started and a load from the heat pump 1 can take over.
  • the control functions of the controllers 13 and 6 are generally known per se and are not the subject of this application. They are therefore not described in more detail here.
  • a motor 14 which is powered by a voltage source, not shown, e.g. a battery or AC power.
  • the motor 14 serves to drive the heat pump if the expansion motor 19 is out of operation. This will be necessary in particular during the start-up of the arrangement if no heat energy is yet generated by the secondary circuit 2b in the steam generator 8 and the expansion motor 19 is therefore not supplied with evaporated refrigerant.
  • the starter motor 14 can be switched as a generator and electrical voltage e.g. to a battery, not shown, from which it can be fed during the starting process.
  • a starter heater 15 is also provided in the steam generator, which is designed as an electrical resistance heater. With the starter heater 15, the refrigerant can be evaporated in the steam generator 8 and thus the expansion motor 19 can be driven. In this way, the arrangement can also be started, whereby alternatively either the starter heater 15 or the engine 14 can be operated. Of course, both the starter heater 15 and the engine 14 can also be operated in order to achieve a faster operational readiness of the system.
  • a heat exchanger 16 is provided in the steam generator 8.
  • the heat exchanger 16 can be connected to a heat accumulator 17, which is fed by the secondary circuit 2b.
  • the heat energy stored in the heat store 17 can also be used to heat the steam generator 18 via the heat exchanger 16 and to drive the expansion motor 19 until the heat pump 1 emits energy in the secondary circuit 2b and feeds the steam generator 8 via the heat exchanger 7.
  • heat exchanger 16 it is also conceivable for the heat exchanger 16 to be connected to a further additional heat source, e.g. in hybrid systems, is connected to the starting process or remains connected permanently.
  • the drive energy requirement for the heat pump is:
  • Refrigerant steam engines which achieve outputs of up to 100 kW with Frigen. But small expander machines of a few kW are also on the market.
  • the refrigerant vapor engine is designed as a piston engine or screw expander. This makes it easier to arrange the heat pump and the refrigerant steam engine on one axis, since the speeds are then identical which simply allows the torques and performance characteristics of the two machines (heat pump and refrigerant steam engine) to be matched.
  • other refrigerant steam engines such as screw expander turbines, can also be used advantageously.
  • the energy requirement taken from the heat source or the energy requirement required at the entrance to operate the system is not significantly increased, so that from this point of view there is hardly any limitation to the possible use of the arrangement. Only the performance of the heat pump has to be increased, which is practically only reflected in the system costs.
  • the arrangement according to the invention thus solves the drive problem for heat pumps in an optimally simple manner and creates in particular through the closed nature of the individual Circulations and the possible return of partial residual heat make the entire system highly efficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP82810011A 1981-01-15 1982-01-14 Agencement de pompe à chaleur avec utilisation d'un moteur à vapeur froide Withdrawn EP0056786A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH23681 1981-01-15
CH236/81 1981-01-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0056786A1 true EP0056786A1 (fr) 1982-07-28

Family

ID=4182391

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82810011A Withdrawn EP0056786A1 (fr) 1981-01-15 1982-01-14 Agencement de pompe à chaleur avec utilisation d'un moteur à vapeur froide

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP0056786A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2588645A1 (fr) * 1985-10-16 1987-04-17 Baudino Etienne Dispositif generateur d'energies multiples, a cycle thermique integre, par l'exploitation de deux sources calorifiques de temperatures differentes agissant sur une capacite etanche et motrice de condensation modulable
EP0373792A1 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-20 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd Appareil de pompe à chaleur
WO1990008928A1 (fr) * 1987-07-01 1990-08-09 Ivan Wain Procede de transfert thermique et appareil utilise dans ledit procede

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE681956A (fr) * 1966-06-02 1966-11-14
DE2028610A1 (de) * 1970-06-10 1971-12-16 Thienpont F Kraftanlage, insbesondere zur Ver Wendung in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE2134721A1 (de) * 1971-07-12 1973-02-01 Otto Eigner Verfahren und einrichtung die unerwuenschte abgabe von waerme an umgebungswasser durch waerme- (atom-) kraftwerke zu vermeiden, verbunden mit verbesserung des kraftwerkleistungsprozesses
AT318979B (de) * 1973-01-29 1974-11-25 Heinz Stueckler Vorrichtung zur Entziehung von Wärme aus einem Medium
DE2402557A1 (de) * 1974-01-19 1975-07-24 Wilhelm Haeberle Kraftmaschine
US4177651A (en) * 1977-12-28 1979-12-11 Mcfarland Lorrell C Apparatus and method of heating and cooling

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE681956A (fr) * 1966-06-02 1966-11-14
DE2028610A1 (de) * 1970-06-10 1971-12-16 Thienpont F Kraftanlage, insbesondere zur Ver Wendung in Kraftfahrzeugen
DE2134721A1 (de) * 1971-07-12 1973-02-01 Otto Eigner Verfahren und einrichtung die unerwuenschte abgabe von waerme an umgebungswasser durch waerme- (atom-) kraftwerke zu vermeiden, verbunden mit verbesserung des kraftwerkleistungsprozesses
AT318979B (de) * 1973-01-29 1974-11-25 Heinz Stueckler Vorrichtung zur Entziehung von Wärme aus einem Medium
DE2402557A1 (de) * 1974-01-19 1975-07-24 Wilhelm Haeberle Kraftmaschine
US4177651A (en) * 1977-12-28 1979-12-11 Mcfarland Lorrell C Apparatus and method of heating and cooling

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2588645A1 (fr) * 1985-10-16 1987-04-17 Baudino Etienne Dispositif generateur d'energies multiples, a cycle thermique integre, par l'exploitation de deux sources calorifiques de temperatures differentes agissant sur une capacite etanche et motrice de condensation modulable
WO1987002413A1 (fr) * 1985-10-16 1987-04-23 Etienne Baudino Dispositif generateur d'energies multiples a cycle thermique integre
WO1990008928A1 (fr) * 1987-07-01 1990-08-09 Ivan Wain Procede de transfert thermique et appareil utilise dans ledit procede
EP0373792A1 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1990-06-20 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd Appareil de pompe à chaleur

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