EP0056550A2 - Device for orientation according to two orthogonal axes, in particular for a microwave antenna - Google Patents

Device for orientation according to two orthogonal axes, in particular for a microwave antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056550A2
EP0056550A2 EP81402051A EP81402051A EP0056550A2 EP 0056550 A2 EP0056550 A2 EP 0056550A2 EP 81402051 A EP81402051 A EP 81402051A EP 81402051 A EP81402051 A EP 81402051A EP 0056550 A2 EP0056550 A2 EP 0056550A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
orientation device
movement
around
elevation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81402051A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0056550B1 (en
EP0056550A3 (en
Inventor
Bernard Estang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0056550A2 publication Critical patent/EP0056550A2/en
Publication of EP0056550A3 publication Critical patent/EP0056550A3/en
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Publication of EP0056550B1 publication Critical patent/EP0056550B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19014—Plural prime movers selectively coupled to common output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023—Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • Y10T74/19051—Single driven plural drives
    • Y10T74/1906—Nonparallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20207—Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an orientation device along two orthogonal axes of rotation and more particularly to an orientation device for microwave antenna.
  • each orientation axis has a motor mechanism which actuates a platform carrying the following orientation axis and its motor.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the object of the present invention is an orientation device along two orthogonal axes, in which the motor mechanisms are installed on fixed parts.
  • the orientation device along two orthogonal axes of orientation in which a movement along each of the axes, one carried by the other, is controlled by a motor mechanism, is characterized in that the two motor mechanisms are placed on a fixed part of the device.
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a device of the prior art used to orient a radar antenna.
  • the motor 31 drives a pinion (not visible in the figure) which meshes with the toothed part 33 of a part 34 supporting the motor 32 and a toothed wheel 35.
  • the motor 32 drives a pinion 36 which meshes the toothed wheel 35.
  • On the outside diameter of the latter is fixed at its top a V-shaped part 37 at the two ends of which is articulated a rod 40 and 41 respectively, the other end of which is articulated on a point on the surface of the antenna 42 to be oriented.
  • the latter is also held in its center by a part 38 which can pivot relative to the part 34 around the articulation 39.
  • the two motors 31 and 32 therefore make it possible to orient the antenna 42 by making it pivot relative to two axes, respectively the axis 43 by pivoting of the part 34 around the articulation 39 and the axis 44 by pivoting of the part 37 therefore of the wheel 35. But the circular movement of the antenna around the axis 43 is slowed down by the inertia of the weight of the motor 32.
  • the present invention overcomes this drawback.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a fixed part in the form of an elongated C, the two arms l, 2 of which form the first branch of the gimbal, and a mobile part 4a, 4b, 8 forming the gimbal nut whose longitudinal axis 5 constitutes one of the two orientation axes.
  • This cardan nut consists of a cylindrical part 4a, 4b and an external coaxial structure 8 whose part 4a, 4b is decoupled and inside which it can pivot around the common longitudinal axis 5.
  • the structure 8 can rotate itself around axis 3 orthogonal to axis 5, between arms 1 and 2 of the fixed part.
  • FIG. 3 represents a side view in section of FIG. 2, after having made the structure 8 rotate by 90 ° around the axis 3.
  • the arm 1 of the fixed part houses the motor mechanism I controlling the so-called circular movement of the system to be oriented.
  • This mechanism is connected to a transmission shaft 6 placed inside the arm 1 and decoupled from the latter using means 20.
  • the opposite end of the transmission shaft 6 acts on a conical torque formed by a pinion 17, disposed at the end of the shaft 6, and a toothed wheel 18 of axis 3 orthogonal to that of the pinion 17 and the shaft 6.
  • This wheel 18 is placed inside the arm 1 and is connected through the wall of the arm 1 to the structure 8 via the cylindrical part 21 forming one of the points of articulation of the structure 8 with the fixed part.
  • This cylindrical part 21 is decoupled by means 10 from the wall of the arm 1 which it passes through.
  • a cylindrical part formed by two distinct hollow parts 4a and 4b of cylindrical shape, located on either side of the axis 3. These two parts 4a and 4b have a common axis 5 with the external structure 8 from which they are decoupled by means 9.
  • the arm 2 of the C-shaped fixed part houses the motor mechanism II controlling the so-called elevation movement of the system to be oriented.
  • This mechanism is connected to a transmission shaft 7 placed inside the arm 2 and decoupled from the latter by means 20.
  • the opposite end of the shaft 7 acts on a conical couple housed by the arm 2 and formed by a pinion 13 disposed at the end of the shaft 7 and a toothed wheel 14 of axis 3.
  • the first bevel couple drives, by means of a cylindrical part 19 of axis 3, a second bevel couple arranged inside the structure 8 and comprising a toothed wheel 15 of axis 3 coming to mesh with a toothed wheel 16 of axis 5 placed at the periphery of the cylindrical part 4a.
  • the cylindrical transition piece 19 passes through the wall of the arm 2 from which it is decoupled by means 11.
  • the system to be oriented is fixed at A, B and A ', B' on the cylindrical parts 4a and 4b respectively, outside the structure 8. It constitutes the second branch of the gimbal.
  • the motor II rotates, by means of the shaft 7 provided with the pinion 13, the toothed wheel 14 therefore the wheel 15 coupled by the cylindrical part 19.
  • the wheel 15 comes to mesh the wheel 16 and rotates the piece 4a around the axis 5.
  • the system fixed to this piece 4a also pivots around this axis and in its movement drives the piece 4b in synchronism. But the parts 4a and 4b being decoupled from the structure 8, the latter remains stationary.
  • the motor 1 rotates, via the shaft 6 provided with the pinion 17, the toothed wheel 18 around the axis 3 and therefore the structure 8 to which it is fixed, as well as the parts 4a and 4b arranged inside the structure, and therefore the system to be oriented. It is the circular movement around the axis 3.
  • the structure 8 is decoupled, by means 11, from the cylindrical part 19, and the latter and therefore the wheel 15 which is fixed to it, are stationary since the motor mechanism II is not supplied.
  • the wheel 16 As the part 4a and therefore the wheel 16 rotate around the axis 3, given the circular movement of the structure 8, the wheel 16 must move along the toothed wheel 15 of axis 3 with which it is in contact, which causes the rotation of the part 4a around the axis 5 and consequently that of the system to be oriented and that of the part 4b. It is the movement in elevation around axis 5.
  • Means such as gyrometers or annular digital coders arranged between fixed parts and mobile parts make it possible to know and measure the movements in circular and in elevation which makes it possible to control the motor mechanisms accordingly. It is possible to cancel the elevation movement when the motor mechanism in circular I is supplied. Indeed, it suffices to simultaneously control, via the motor mechanism II, the toothed wheel 15 of the same angular quantity as the toothed wheel 18 in order to neutralize the relative movement of the two wheels 16 and 15.
  • the motor mechanisms can be geared motors.
  • the decoupling means 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 are for example ball bearings.
  • the device according to the invention can be used in particular for orienting a microwave antenna. Indeed, such an antenna must be able to be oriented quickly along two axes.
  • the motor mechanisms occupy in the mobile parts a certain volume which could be used more advantageously to accommodate microwave rotary joints therein.
  • the microwave receiver is placed in this case as close as possible to the antenna. It is therefore generally attached to the back of the antenna and is subjected to very strong vibrations. In addition it gives additional inertia during antenna movements and the motors, on moving parts, limit the strikes of antenna travel.
  • the motor mechanisms being installed on fixed parts, allow significant antenna deflections.
  • they release the volume located in the center of the gimbal in favor of rotating joints, thus allowing the microwave receiver to be moved to a fixed part where the vibratory environment is less severe.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'orientation selon deux axes de rotation orthogonaux. Ce dispositif peut donner à la partie centrale (4a, 4b) de la noix de cardan un mouvement en élévation autour de l'axe (5), quand le moteur (II) seul est alimenté et un mouvement en circulaire autour de l'axe (3) quand le moteur (I) seul est alimenté Ce mouvement en circulaire produit automatiquement un mouvement en élévation autour de l'axe (5). La présente invention peut être utilisée pour l'orientation d'une antenne hyperfréquence.The present invention relates to an orientation device along two orthogonal axes of rotation. This device can give the central part (4a, 4b) of the universal joint an elevation movement around the axis (5), when the motor (II) alone is supplied and a circular movement around the axis (3) when the motor (I) alone is supplied. This circular movement automatically produces a movement in elevation around the axis (5). The present invention can be used for the orientation of a microwave antenna.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'orientation selon deux axes de rotation orthogonaux et plus particulièrement un dispositif d'orientation pour antenne hyperfréquence.The present invention relates to an orientation device along two orthogonal axes of rotation and more particularly to an orientation device for microwave antenna.

Pour orienter des systèmes particulièrement lourds ou pour augmenter la vitesse d'orientation, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des mécanismes moteurs de plus en plus puissants et de minimiser la masse des parties en mouvement.To orient particularly heavy systems or to increase the speed of orientation, it is necessary to use increasingly powerful motor mechanisms and to minimize the mass of the moving parts.

Dans les dispositifs d'orientation connus, chaque d'axe d'orientation possède un mécanisme moteur qui actionne une plate-forme portant l'axe d'orientation suivant et son moteur. L'utilisation de mécanismes moteurs plus puissants, donc plus lourds, freine ces mouvements, certains mécanismes étant placés sur des parties mobiles.In known orientation devices, each orientation axis has a motor mechanism which actuates a platform carrying the following orientation axis and its motor. The use of more powerful motor mechanisms, therefore heavier, slows down these movements, certain mechanisms being placed on moving parts.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités.The object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.

L'objet de la présente invention est un dispositif d'orientation selon deux axes orthogonaux, dans lequel les mécanismes moteurs sont installés sur des parties fixes.The object of the present invention is an orientation device along two orthogonal axes, in which the motor mechanisms are installed on fixed parts.

Il a également pour avantage de libérer un volume utile important grâce au déport des mécanismes moteurs en partie fixe.It also has the advantage of releasing a large useful volume thanks to the offset of the motor mechanisms in the fixed part.

Conformément à la présente invention, le dispositif d'orientation selon deux axes d'orientation orthogonaux, dans lequel un mouvement selon chacun des axes l'un étant porté par l'autre, est commandé par un mécanisme moteur, est caractérisé en ce que les deux mécanismes moteurs sont placés sur une partie fixe du dispositif.According to the present invention, the orientation device along two orthogonal axes of orientation, in which a movement along each of the axes, one carried by the other, is controlled by a motor mechanism, is characterized in that the two motor mechanisms are placed on a fixed part of the device.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée faite ci-après avec référence aux figures ci-annexées qui représentent :

  • - figure 1, une vue en perspective d'un dispositif d'orientation de l'art antérieur ;
  • - figure 2, une vue en perspective du dispositif d'orientation selon l'invention ;
  • - figure 3, une vue latérale en coupe du dispositif de la figure 2.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description given below with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • - Figure 1, a perspective view of an orientation device of the prior art;
  • - Figure 2, a perspective view of the orientation device according to the invention;
  • - Figure 3, a side sectional view of the device of Figure 2.

La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de l'art antérieur utilisé pour orienter une antenne de radar. Dans ce dispositif, le moteur 31 entraîne un pignon (non visible sur la figure) qui engrène la partie dentée 33 d'une pièce 34 supportant le moteur 32 et une roue dentée 35. Le moteur 32 entraîne un pignon 36 qui engrène la roue dentée 35. Sur le diamètre extérieur de celle-ci est fixée en son sommet une pièce 37 en forme de V aux deux extrémités de laquelle est articulée une tige respectivement 40 et 41 dont l'autre_extrémité vient s'articuler sur un point de la surface de l'antenne 42 à orienter. Celle-ci est également maintenue en son centre par une pièce 38 pouvant pivoter par rapport à la partie 34 autour de l'articulation 39.FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a device of the prior art used to orient a radar antenna. In this device, the motor 31 drives a pinion (not visible in the figure) which meshes with the toothed part 33 of a part 34 supporting the motor 32 and a toothed wheel 35. The motor 32 drives a pinion 36 which meshes the toothed wheel 35. On the outside diameter of the latter is fixed at its top a V-shaped part 37 at the two ends of which is articulated a rod 40 and 41 respectively, the other end of which is articulated on a point on the surface of the antenna 42 to be oriented. The latter is also held in its center by a part 38 which can pivot relative to the part 34 around the articulation 39.

Les deux moteurs 31 et 32 permettent donc d'orienter l'antenne 42 en la faisant pivoter par rapport à deux axes, respectivement l'axe 43 par pivotement de la pièce 34 autour de l'articulation 39 et l'axe 44 par pivotement de la pièce 37 donc de la roue 35. Mais le déplacement circulaire de l'antenne autour de l'axe 43 est freiné par l'inertie du poids du moteur 32.The two motors 31 and 32 therefore make it possible to orient the antenna 42 by making it pivot relative to two axes, respectively the axis 43 by pivoting of the part 34 around the articulation 39 and the axis 44 by pivoting of the part 37 therefore of the wheel 35. But the circular movement of the antenna around the axis 43 is slowed down by the inertia of the weight of the motor 32.

La présente invention permet de remédier à cet inconvénient.The present invention overcomes this drawback.

Le dispositif selon l'invention, dont une vue générale est représentée en perspective en figure 2, comprend une partie fixe en forme de C allongé dont les deux bras l, 2 forment la première branche du cardan, et une partie mobile 4a, 4b, 8 formant la noix du cardan dont l'axe longitudinal 5 constitue l'un des deux axes d'orientation. Cette noix de cardan se compose d'une partie cylindrique 4a, 4b et d'une structure extérieure 8 coaxiale dont la partie 4a, 4b est découplée et à l'intérieur de laquelle elle peut pivoter autour de l'axe longitudinal commun 5. La structure 8 peut elle-même pivoter autour de l'axe 3 orthogonal à l'axe 5, entre les bras 1 et 2 de la partie fixe.The device according to the invention, a general view of which is shown in perspective in FIG. 2, comprises a fixed part in the form of an elongated C, the two arms l, 2 of which form the first branch of the gimbal, and a mobile part 4a, 4b, 8 forming the gimbal nut whose longitudinal axis 5 constitutes one of the two orientation axes. This cardan nut consists of a cylindrical part 4a, 4b and an external coaxial structure 8 whose part 4a, 4b is decoupled and inside which it can pivot around the common longitudinal axis 5. The structure 8 can rotate itself around axis 3 orthogonal to axis 5, between arms 1 and 2 of the fixed part.

La figure 3 représente une vue latérale en coupe de la figure 2, après avoir fait pivoter la structure 8 de 90° autour de l'axe 3.FIG. 3 represents a side view in section of FIG. 2, after having made the structure 8 rotate by 90 ° around the axis 3.

Le bras 1 de la partie fixe abrite le mécanisme moteur I commandant le mouvement dit circulaire du système à orienter. Ce mécanisme est raccordé à un arbre de transmission 6 placé à l'intérieur du bras 1 et découplé de celui-ci à l'aide de moyens 20. L'extrémité opposée de l'arbre de transmission 6 agit sur un couple conique formé par un pignon 17, disposé à l'extrémité de l'arbre 6, et une roue dentée 18 d'axe 3 orthogonal à celui du pignon 17 et de l'arbre 6. Cette roue 18 est placée à l'intérieur du bras 1 et est raccordée à travers la paroi du bras 1 à la structure 8 par l'intermédiaire de la partie cylindrique 21 formant un des points d'articulation de la structure 8 avec la partie fixe. Cette partie cylindrique 21 est découplée par des moyens 10 de la paroi du bras 1 qu'elle traverse. A l'intérieur de la struture 8 est disposée une partie cylindrique formée de deux parties distinctes creuses 4a et 4b de forme cylindrique, situées de part et d'autre de l'axe 3. Ces deux parties 4a et 4b ont un axe commun 5 avec la structure extérieure 8 dont elles sont découplées par des moyens 9.The arm 1 of the fixed part houses the motor mechanism I controlling the so-called circular movement of the system to be oriented. This mechanism is connected to a transmission shaft 6 placed inside the arm 1 and decoupled from the latter using means 20. The opposite end of the transmission shaft 6 acts on a conical torque formed by a pinion 17, disposed at the end of the shaft 6, and a toothed wheel 18 of axis 3 orthogonal to that of the pinion 17 and the shaft 6. This wheel 18 is placed inside the arm 1 and is connected through the wall of the arm 1 to the structure 8 via the cylindrical part 21 forming one of the points of articulation of the structure 8 with the fixed part. This cylindrical part 21 is decoupled by means 10 from the wall of the arm 1 which it passes through. Inside the structure 8 is arranged a cylindrical part formed by two distinct hollow parts 4a and 4b of cylindrical shape, located on either side of the axis 3. These two parts 4a and 4b have a common axis 5 with the external structure 8 from which they are decoupled by means 9.

Le bras 2 de la partie fixe en forme de C abrite le mécanisme moteur II commandant le mouvement dit en élévation du système à orienter. Ce mécanisme est raccordé à un arbre de transmission 7 placé à l'intérieur du bras 2 et découplé de celui-ci par des moyens 20. L'extrémité opposée de l'arbre 7 agit sur un couple conique abrité par le bras 2 et formé par un pignon 13 disposé à l'extrémité de l'arbre 7 et une roue dentée 14 d'axe 3. Le premier couple conique attaque, par l'intermédiaire d'une partie cylindrique 19 d'axe 3, un deuxième couple conique disposé à l'intérieur de la structure 8 et comprenant une roue dentée 15 d'axe 3 venant engrener une roue dentée 16 d'axe 5 placée à la périphérie de la partie cylindrique 4a. La pièce cylindrique de transition 19 traverse la paroi du bras 2 dont elle est découplée par des moyens 11.The arm 2 of the C-shaped fixed part houses the motor mechanism II controlling the so-called elevation movement of the system to be oriented. This mechanism is connected to a transmission shaft 7 placed inside the arm 2 and decoupled from the latter by means 20. The opposite end of the shaft 7 acts on a conical couple housed by the arm 2 and formed by a pinion 13 disposed at the end of the shaft 7 and a toothed wheel 14 of axis 3. The first bevel couple drives, by means of a cylindrical part 19 of axis 3, a second bevel couple arranged inside the structure 8 and comprising a toothed wheel 15 of axis 3 coming to mesh with a toothed wheel 16 of axis 5 placed at the periphery of the cylindrical part 4a. The cylindrical transition piece 19 passes through the wall of the arm 2 from which it is decoupled by means 11.

Le système à orienter, non représenté, est fixé en A, B et A', B' sur les parties cylindriques 4a et 4b respectivement, à l'extérieur de la structure 8. Il constitue la deuxième branche du cardan.The system to be oriented, not shown, is fixed at A, B and A ', B' on the cylindrical parts 4a and 4b respectively, outside the structure 8. It constitutes the second branch of the gimbal.

Si on alimente le mécanisme moteur II seul on déclenche uniquement le mouvement dit en élévation autour de l'axe 5.If the motor mechanism II is supplied alone, only the so-called elevation movement around the axis 5 is triggered.

En effet, le moteur II fait tourner, par l'intermédiaire de l'arbre 7 muni du pignon 13, la roue dentée 14 donc la roue 15 couplées par la partie cylindrique 19. La roue 15 vient engréner la roue 16 et fait tourner la pièce 4a autour de l'axe 5. Le système fixé à cette pièce 4a pivote également autour de cet axe et entraîne dans son mouvement la pièce 4b en synchronisme. Mais les pièces 4a et 4b étant découplées de la structure 8, celle-ci reste immobile.Indeed, the motor II rotates, by means of the shaft 7 provided with the pinion 13, the toothed wheel 14 therefore the wheel 15 coupled by the cylindrical part 19. The wheel 15 comes to mesh the wheel 16 and rotates the piece 4a around the axis 5. The system fixed to this piece 4a also pivots around this axis and in its movement drives the piece 4b in synchronism. But the parts 4a and 4b being decoupled from the structure 8, the latter remains stationary.

Il ne se produit donc qu'un mouvement en élévation.There is therefore only a movement in elevation.

Si par contre on alimente le mécanisme moteur I seul, il se produit à la fois un mouvement en circulaire autour de l'axe 3 et un mouvement en élévation autour de l'axe 5.If, on the other hand, the motor mechanism I is supplied alone, there is both a circular movement around the axis 3 and an elevation movement around the axis 5.

En effet, le moteur 1 fait tourner, par l'intermédiaire de l'arbre 6 muni du pignon 17, la roue dentée 18 autour de l'axe 3 et par conséquent la structure 8 à laquelle elle est fixée, ainsi que les parties 4a et 4b disposées à l'intérieur de la structure, et donc le système à orienter. C'est le mouvement en circulaire autour de l'axe 3. Or la structure 8 est découplée, par des moyens 11, de la partie cylindrique 19, et celle-ci et donc la roue 15 qui lui est fixée, sont immobiles puisque le mécanisme moteur II n'est pas .alimenté. Comme la partie 4a et donc la roue 16 tournent autour de l'axe 3, étant donné le mouvement en circulaire de la structure 8, la roue 16 doit se déplacer le long de la roue dentée 15 d'axe 3 avec laquelle elle est en contact, ce qui provoque la rotation de la partie 4a autour de l'axe 5 et par conséquent celle du système à orienter et celle de la partie 4b. C'est le mouvement en élévation autour de l'axe 5.Indeed, the motor 1 rotates, via the shaft 6 provided with the pinion 17, the toothed wheel 18 around the axis 3 and therefore the structure 8 to which it is fixed, as well as the parts 4a and 4b arranged inside the structure, and therefore the system to be oriented. It is the circular movement around the axis 3. Now the structure 8 is decoupled, by means 11, from the cylindrical part 19, and the latter and therefore the wheel 15 which is fixed to it, are stationary since the motor mechanism II is not supplied. As the part 4a and therefore the wheel 16 rotate around the axis 3, given the circular movement of the structure 8, the wheel 16 must move along the toothed wheel 15 of axis 3 with which it is in contact, which causes the rotation of the part 4a around the axis 5 and consequently that of the system to be oriented and that of the part 4b. It is the movement in elevation around axis 5.

Des moyens tels que des gyromètres ou des codeurs numériques annulaires disposés entre parties fixes et parties mobiles permettent de connaître et de mesurer les mouvements en circulaire et en élévation ce qui permet de commander les mécanismes moteurs en conséquence. Il est possible d'annuler le mouvement en élévation lorsque le mécanisme moteur en circulaire I est alimenté. En effet, il suffit de commander simultanément, par l'intermédiaire du mécanisme moteur II la roue dentée 15 de la même quantité angulaire que la roue dentée 18 afin de neutraliser le mouvement relatif des deux roues 16 et 15.Means such as gyrometers or annular digital coders arranged between fixed parts and mobile parts make it possible to know and measure the movements in circular and in elevation which makes it possible to control the motor mechanisms accordingly. It is possible to cancel the elevation movement when the motor mechanism in circular I is supplied. Indeed, it suffices to simultaneously control, via the motor mechanism II, the toothed wheel 15 of the same angular quantity as the toothed wheel 18 in order to neutralize the relative movement of the two wheels 16 and 15.

Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, les mécanismes moteurs peuvent être des moto-réducteurs.According to a preferred embodiment, the motor mechanisms can be geared motors.

Les moyens de découplage 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 sont par exemple des roulements à billes.The decoupling means 9, 10, 11, 12, 20 are for example ball bearings.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut être utilisé en particulier pour orienter une antenne hyperfréquence. En effet, une telle antenne doit pouvoir être orientée rapidement suivant deux axes. Quand on utilise un dispositif d'orientation de l'art antérieur, les mécanismes moteurs occupent dans les parties mobiles un certain volume qui pourrait être utilisé plus avantageusement pour y loger des joints tournants hyperfréquence. Etant donné le manque de place pour les joints tournants, le récepteur hyperfréquence est disposé dans ce cas le plus près possible de l'antenne. Il est donc en général accolé au dos de l'antenne et est soumis à de très fortes vibrations. De plus il donne une inertie supplémentaire lors des mouvements d'antenne et les moteurs, sur parties mobiles, limitent les épures de débattement d'antenne.The device according to the invention can be used in particular for orienting a microwave antenna. Indeed, such an antenna must be able to be oriented quickly along two axes. When using an orientation device of the prior art, the motor mechanisms occupy in the mobile parts a certain volume which could be used more advantageously to accommodate microwave rotary joints therein. Given the lack of space for rotating joints, the microwave receiver is placed in this case as close as possible to the antenna. It is therefore generally attached to the back of the antenna and is subjected to very strong vibrations. In addition it gives additional inertia during antenna movements and the motors, on moving parts, limit the strikes of antenna travel.

Grâce au dispositif d'orientation selon la présente invention, les mécanismes moteurs, étant installés sur des parties fixes, permettent des débattements d'antenne importants. De. plus, ils libèrent le volume situé au centre du cardan au profit de joints tournants permettant ainsi de déporter le récepteur hyperfréquence en partie fixe où l'environnement vibratoire est moins sévère.Thanks to the orientation device according to the present invention, the motor mechanisms, being installed on fixed parts, allow significant antenna deflections. In addition, they release the volume located in the center of the gimbal in favor of rotating joints, thus allowing the microwave receiver to be moved to a fixed part where the vibratory environment is less severe.

Les applications de ce dispositif ne sont pas limitées à l'exemple précité mais s'étend à tous les cas de deux mouvements orthogonaux portés l'un par l'autre et où les mécanismes moteurs doivent, de préférence, être en partie fixe,The applications of this device are not limited to the aforementioned example but extends to all cases of two orthogonal movements carried by one another and where the motor mechanisms must, preferably, be partly fixed,

Claims (20)

1. Dispositif d'orientation selon deux axes orthogonaux, le second étant porté par le premier, qui comporte un support fixe et un support mobile et dans lequel un mouvement selon chacun des axes est commandé par un mécanisme moteur placé en partie fixe, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement autour du second axe (5) porté est assuré à partir du support fixe par un train d'engrenages non différentiels, découplés du support mobile.1. Orientation device along two orthogonal axes, the second being carried by the first, which comprises a fixed support and a mobile support and in which a movement along each of the axes is controlled by a motor mechanism placed in a fixed part, characterized in that the movement around the second axis (5) carried is ensured from the fixed support by a train of non-differential gears, decoupled from the mobile support. 2. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement dit en élévation autour de l'axe porté est commandé par le mécanisme moteur (I) produisant le mouvement, dit circulaire, autour du premier axe ou par son propre mécanisme moteur (II) lorsque celui-ci est alimenté.2. Orientation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement said in elevation around the carried axis is controlled by the motor mechanism (I) producing the movement, called circular, around the first axis or by its own motor mechanism (II) when the latter is supplied. 3. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que la partie fixe est en forme de C allongé entre les deux bras (1, 2) duquel la partie mobile peut être animée d'un mouvement circulaire autour du premier axe (3).3. Orientation device according to claim 2 characterized in that the fixed part is C-shaped elongated between the two arms (1, 2) of which the movable part can be animated in a circular movement around the first axis (3 ). 4. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la partie mobile se compose d'une partie cylindrique (4) mobile à l'intérieur d'une structure (8) dont elle est découplée.4. Orientation device according to claim 3, characterized in that the movable part consists of a cylindrical part (4) movable inside a structure (8) from which it is decoupled. 5. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la partie cylindrique (4) et la structure (8) ont pour axe longitudinal commun l'axe porté (5) et en ce que la partie (4) peut pivoter à l'intérieur de la structure (8) en un mouvement d'élévation autour dudit axe (5).5. Orientation device according to claim 4, characterized in that the cylindrical part (4) and the structure (8) have for common longitudinal axis the carried axis (5) and in that the part (4) can pivot inside the structure (8) in an elevating movement around said axis (5). 6. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la partie cylindrique (4) se compose de deux parties cylindriques (4a et 4b) d'axe longitudinal commun (5), situées de part et d'autre de l'axe (3) et découplées de la structure (8). par des moyens (9).6. Orientation device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cylindrical part (4) consists of two cylindrical parts (4a and 4b) of common longitudinal axis (5), located on either side of the 'axis (3) and decoupled from the structure (8) . by means (9). 7. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le système à orienter est fixé sur les deux parties cylindriques (4a et 4b), à l'extérieur de la structure (8).7. Orientation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the system to be oriented is fixed on the two cylindrical parts (4a and 4b), outside the structure (8). 8. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement en élévation de la partie (4a) autour de l'axe (5), commandé par le mécanisme moteur (I) commandant le mouvement en circulaire ou par le mécanisme moteur (II) commandant le mouvement en élévation seul, entraîne le mouvement en élévation du système à orienter qui lui-même entraîne le mouvement en élévation de la partie (4b).8. Orientation device according to claim 7, characterized in that the movement in elevation of the part (4a) around the axis (5), controlled by the motor mechanism (I) controlling the movement in circular or by the motor mechanism (II) controlling the elevation movement alone, causes the elevation movement of the system to be oriented which itself causes the elevation movement of the part (4b). 9. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens produisant ledit mouvement circulaire autour de l'axe (3) comprennent, dans le bras (1) de la partie fixe, un mécanisme moteur (I) agissant, par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre de transmission (6) que des moyens (20) découplent du bras fixe (1), sur un couple conique également disposé à l'intérieur du bras (1), couple dont la sortie est située sur l'axe (3) et auquel la structure (8) est raccordée à travers la paroi du bras (1) découplée de la structure (8) par des moyens (10).9. Orientation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the means producing said circular movement around the axis (3) comprise, in the arm (1) of the fixed part, a motor mechanism (I) acting, by means of a transmission shaft (6) that means (20) decouple from the fixed arm (1), on a conical torque also disposed inside the arm (1), torque whose outlet is located on the axis (3) and to which the structure (8) is connected through the wall of the arm (1) decoupled from the structure (8) by means (10). 10. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les moyens produisant le mouvement en élévation autour de l'axe (5) comprennent, dans le bras (2) de la partie fixe, un mécanisme moteur (II) agissant, par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre de transmission (7) que des moyens (20) découplent du bras (2), sur un premier couple conique, découplé de la structure (8) par des moyens (11) et du bras (2) par des moyens (12), couple dont la sortie est située sur l'axe (3) et qui attaque, par l'intermédiaire d'une partie cylindrique de transition (19), un deuxième couple conique, situé à l'intérieur de la structure (8) et dont la sortie se trouve sur l'axe (5).10. Orientation device according to claim 9, characterized in that the means producing the movement in elevation around the axis (5) comprise, in the arm (2) of the fixed part, a motor mechanism (II) acting , by means of a transmission shaft (7) that means (20) decouple from the arm (2), on a first conical couple, decoupled from the structure (8) by means (11) and from the arm ( 2) by means (12), a couple whose outlet is located on the axis (3) and which attacks, by means of a cylindrical transition part (19), a second conical couple, located at the inside of the structure (8) and the outlet of which is on the axis (5). 11. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 9,'caractérisé en ce que le couple conique est constitué par un pignon (17) et une roue dentée (18).11. Orientation device according to claim 9, ' characterized in that the bevel torque consists of a pinion (17) and a toothed wheel (18). 12. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le premier couple conique est constitué par un pignon (13) qui vient engrener une roue dentée (14).12. Orientation device according to claim 10, characterized in that the first bevel torque consists of a pinion (13) which meshes with a toothed wheel (14). 13. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième couple conique est constitué par une roue dentée (14) qui vient engrener une autre roue dentée (16) placée à la périphérie de la partie cylindrique (4a).13. Orientation device according to claim 10, characterized in that the second bevel pair consists of a wheel toothed (14) which meshes with another toothed wheel (16) placed on the periphery of the cylindrical part (4a). 14. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les mécanismes moteurs sont des moto-réducteurs.14. Orientation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor mechanisms are geared motors. 15. Dispositif d'orientation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4, 6, 9, 10, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de découplage sont des roulements à billes.15. Orientation device according to any one of claims 4, 6, 9, 10, characterized in that the decoupling means are ball bearings. 16. Dispositif d'orientation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les mouvements en circulaire et en élévation sont respectivement mesurés à l'aide de codeurs numériques annulaires disposés entre partie fixe et partie mobile.16. Orientation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular and elevation movements are respectively measured using digital annular encoders arranged between the fixed part and the mobile part. 17. Utilisation du dispositif d'orientation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans une antenne hyperfréquence.17. Use of the orientation device according to any one of the preceding claims in a microwave antenna. 18. Antenne hyperfréquence caractérisée en ce qu'elle est orientée à l'aide du dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16.18. Microwave antenna characterized in that it is oriented using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 16. 19. Antenne hyperfréquence 18, caractérisée en ce que le . récepteur hyperfréquence est située dans la partie fixe du dispositif d'orientation.19. Microwave antenna 18, characterized in that the. microwave receiver is located in the fixed part of the orientation device. 20. Antenne selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que les joints tournants hyperfréquence sont placés à l'intérieur des parties cylindriques (4a, 4b) de la structure (8) ou de la partie cylindrique de transition (19 ou 21).20. Antenna according to claim 17, characterized in that the microwave rotary joints are placed inside the cylindrical parts (4a, 4b) of the structure (8) or of the cylindrical transition part (19 or 21).
EP81402051A 1981-01-20 1981-12-22 Device for orientation according to two orthogonal axes, in particular for a microwave antenna Expired EP0056550B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8100946A FR2498379A1 (en) 1981-01-20 1981-01-20 ORTHOGONAL AXIS ORIENTATION DEVICE, USE IN A HYPERFREQUENCY ANTENNA AND HYPERFREQUENCY ANTENNA COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
FR8100946 1981-01-20

Publications (3)

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EP0056550A2 true EP0056550A2 (en) 1982-07-28
EP0056550A3 EP0056550A3 (en) 1982-08-11
EP0056550B1 EP0056550B1 (en) 1985-04-17

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EP81402051A Expired EP0056550B1 (en) 1981-01-20 1981-12-22 Device for orientation according to two orthogonal axes, in particular for a microwave antenna

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US (1) US4491847A (en)
EP (1) EP0056550B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3170061D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2498379A1 (en)

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GB2505066A (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-02-19 Sub10 Systems Ltd Positioning gear, bracket and system having gear segments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4491847A (en) 1985-01-01
EP0056550B1 (en) 1985-04-17
DE3170061D1 (en) 1985-05-23
FR2498379A1 (en) 1982-07-23
EP0056550A3 (en) 1982-08-11
FR2498379B1 (en) 1984-10-19

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