EP0056282B1 - Gas discharge overvoltage arrester - Google Patents

Gas discharge overvoltage arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056282B1
EP0056282B1 EP82100197A EP82100197A EP0056282B1 EP 0056282 B1 EP0056282 B1 EP 0056282B1 EP 82100197 A EP82100197 A EP 82100197A EP 82100197 A EP82100197 A EP 82100197A EP 0056282 B1 EP0056282 B1 EP 0056282B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
gas discharge
ignition
main electrodes
overvoltage arrester
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82100197A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0056282A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Ing. Grad. Lange
Jürgen Ing. grad. Boy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0056282A1 publication Critical patent/EP0056282A1/en
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Publication of EP0056282B1 publication Critical patent/EP0056282B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas discharge surge arrester with two axially opposing main electrodes and a central electrode coaxially surrounding the discharge gap, which is flared at the ends and with the main electrodes via a connecting element and an annular insulating housing, on the inside of which there is at least one line made of electrically conductive material as an ignition line extending over part of the pipe length.
  • Such a gas discharge surge arrester which is also called a two-way arrester, is known from US Pat. No. 4,187,526.
  • two-way arresters with a closely coupled discharge space have the advantage over two single conductors that when a discharge path responds, the common discharge space is ionized and, as a result, the second discharge path also responds without delay.
  • these arresters are used e.g. B. used to protect common in a high-rise news lines (central building).
  • Two-way arresters are known in different designs.
  • ejngangs mentioned there are e.g. B. also a compact version (see. DE-OS-2 828 409, in particular, special Fig. 3).
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a two-section gas discharge surge arrester which has a high level of constancy in its electrical data during and after exposure to surge current, alternating current and lifetime.
  • a gas discharge surge arrester of the type mentioned at the outset that the main electrodes forming a discharge path are stepped in a double cylinder shape and have an elastic transition to the ends of the insulating housings, that the central electrode forming a main discharge path with the two main electrodes as a hollow cylinder with a tapering tapered profile, at least partially surrounding the two main electrodes and with them the insulating housing is concealed from the discharge paths and that the electrodes made of copper are provided with an electrode activation compound in their overlap area.
  • At least one ignition bar is electrically conductively connected to a main electrode and at least one ignition bar is connected to the center electrode per insulating housing. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to apply two ignition bars in each case.
  • the electrodes can consist of copper, the expansion coefficient of which is not matched to that of the insulating housing, which is expediently made of ceramic.
  • the best life cycle results are achieved with copper by low sputtering.
  • the shape of the electrode allows economical production, namely preferably using extrusion technology.
  • the material costs of copper are significantly lower compared to the Ni-Co-Fe alloys that can also be used.
  • Two-way arresters are often used in sockets that have current loops due to closely parallel feed lines. As a result, the arc burns due to one-sided deflection, preferably at a narrowly limited area of the center electrode edge. This melts and reduces the electrode gap, so that an impermissible reduction in the DC response voltage occurs.
  • the insulating housing with its ignition lines is arranged in a low-vaporization rear space, so that both the good pick-up voltage values and the good insulation with a small residual insulation distance are retained even during service life despite the use of cathode sputtering.
  • Each ceramic insulating body is preferably given two ignition lines which are connected to the main electrode (wire electrode) and two ignition lines which are connected to the center electrode.

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter mit zwei axial sich gegenüberstehenden Hauptelektroden und einer den Entladungsspalt koaxial ringförmig umgebenden Mittelelektrode, die an den Enden konisch erweitert ist und die mit den Hauptelektroden über ein Verbindungselement und jeweils ein ringförmiges Isoliergehäuse, auf dessen Innenseite sich mindestens ein Strich aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material als Zündstrich über einen Teil der Rohrlänge erstreckt, verbunden ist.The invention relates to a gas discharge surge arrester with two axially opposing main electrodes and a central electrode coaxially surrounding the discharge gap, which is flared at the ends and with the main electrodes via a connecting element and an annular insulating housing, on the inside of which there is at least one line made of electrically conductive material as an ignition line extending over part of the pipe length.

Ein derartiger Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter, der auch Zweistreckenableiter genannt wird, ist aus der US-PS-4 187 526 bekannt.Such a gas discharge surge arrester, which is also called a two-way arrester, is known from US Pat. No. 4,187,526.

Für den Doppeladerschutz von Fernsprecheinrichtungen gegen Überspannungen weisen Zweistreckenableiter mit einem eng gekoppelten Entladungsraum gegenüber zwei Einzelableitern den Vorteil auf, daß beim Ansprechen einer Entladungsstrecke der gemeinsame Entladungsraum ionisiert wird und dadurch auch die zweite Entladungsstrecke ohne zeitliche Verzögerung anspricht. In den USA werden diese Ableiter z. B. zum Schutz von gemeinsam in ein Hochhaus einmündende Nachrichtenleitungen (central building) eingesetzt.For the double-wire protection of telephony devices against overvoltages, two-way arresters with a closely coupled discharge space have the advantage over two single conductors that when a discharge path responds, the common discharge space is ionized and, as a result, the second discharge path also responds without delay. In the USA, these arresters are used e.g. B. used to protect common in a high-rise news lines (central building).

Zweistreckenableiter sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen bekannt. Neben dem ejngangs erwähnten gibt es z. B. auch noch eine kompakte Ausführung (man vergl. DE-OS-2 828 409, insbe-, sondere Fig. 3).Two-way arresters are known in different designs. In addition to the ejngangs mentioned there are e.g. B. also a compact version (see. DE-OS-2 828 409, in particular, special Fig. 3).

Eine Ausführungsform mit bedampfungsarmen Hinterraum ist in der US-PS-3 775 642 beschrieben.An embodiment with a low-evaporation rear space is described in US Pat. No. 3,775,642.

Keine dieser Ausführungen ist jedoch geeignet, um die Summe aller Forderungen einzuhalten, die insbesondere in den USA als sogenannte. heavy duty-Vorschriften von Zweistreckenableitern verlangt werden.However, none of these statements is suitable to meet the sum of all claims, which are known as so-called in particular in the USA. heavy duty regulations are required by double-line arresters.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Zweistrecken-Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter zu schaffen, der während und nach Stoßstrom-, Wechselstrom-und Lebensdauerbelastung eine hohe Konstanz seiner elektrischen Daten besitzt. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bei einem Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die eine Entladungsstrecke bildenden Hauptelektroden doppelzylinderförmig nach innen abgestuft sind und einen elastischen Übergang auf die Enden der Isoliergehäuse aufweisen, daß die mit den beiden Hauptelektroden je eine Hauptentladungsstrecke bildende Mittelelektrode als Hohlzylinder mit auslaufendem Kegelprofil, die beiden Hauptelektroden zumindest teilweise umgebend und mit diesen die Isoliergehäuse gegen die Entladungsstrecken verdeckend ausgebildet ist und daß die aus Kupfer bestehenden Elektroden in ihrem Überlappungsbereich mit einer Elektroden aktivierungsmasse versehen sind.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a two-section gas discharge surge arrester which has a high level of constancy in its electrical data during and after exposure to surge current, alternating current and lifetime. To achieve this object, it is provided according to the invention in a gas discharge surge arrester of the type mentioned at the outset that the main electrodes forming a discharge path are stepped in a double cylinder shape and have an elastic transition to the ends of the insulating housings, that the central electrode forming a main discharge path with the two main electrodes as a hollow cylinder with a tapering tapered profile, at least partially surrounding the two main electrodes and with them the insulating housing is concealed from the discharge paths and that the electrodes made of copper are provided with an electrode activation compound in their overlap area.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist mindestens ein Zündstrich mit einer Hauptelektrode und mindestens ein Zündstrich mit der Mittelelektrode je Isoliergehäuse elektrisch leitend verbunden. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich das Anbringen von jeweils zwei Zündstrichen erwiesen.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one ignition bar is electrically conductively connected to a main electrode and at least one ignition bar is connected to the center electrode per insulating housing. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to apply two ignition bars in each case.

Der erfindungsgemäße Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter weist folgende Vorteile auf :The gas discharge surge arrester according to the invention has the following advantages:

Die Elektroden können aufgrund der elastischen Übergangszonen aus Kupfer bestehen, das in seinem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten nicht an den des zweckmäßig aus Keramik bestehenden Isoliergehäuses angepaßt ist. Mit Kupfer werden durch geringe Kathodenzerstäubung die besten Lebensdauerergebnisse erzielt. Die Elektrodenform gestattet eine wirtschaftliche Herstellung, nämlich vorzugsweise in Fließpreßtechnik. Die Materialkosten von Kupfer sind wesentlich geringer gegenüber den auch verwendbaren Ni-Co-Fe-Legierungen. Zweistreckenableiter werden häufig in Fassungen eingesetzt, die durch eng parallel geführte Zuleitungen Stromschleifen aufweisen. Dadurch brennt der Lichtbogen durch einseitige Ablenkung bevorzugt an einem eng begrenzten Bereich der Mittelektrodenkante. Diese schmilzt auf und reduziert den Elektrodenabstand, so daß eine unzulässige Verringerung der Ansprechgleichspannung eintritt. Durch kegelförmigen Auslauf des Mittelelektrodeninnendurchmessers wird dieser Nachteil vermieden. Das Isoliergehäuse mit seinen Zündstrichen ist in einem bedampfungsarmen Hinterraum angeordnet, so daß auch im Lebensdauerbetrieb trotz einsetzender Kathodenzerstäubung sowohl die guten Ansprechstoßspannungswerte als auch die gute Isolation bei geringer Restisolationsstrecke erhalten bleibt. Jeder Keramikisolierkörper erhält vorzugsweise zwei Zündstriche, die an der Hauptelektrode (Aderelektrode) und zwei Zündstriche, die an der Mittelelektrode angeschlossen sind.Due to the elastic transition zones, the electrodes can consist of copper, the expansion coefficient of which is not matched to that of the insulating housing, which is expediently made of ceramic. The best life cycle results are achieved with copper by low sputtering. The shape of the electrode allows economical production, namely preferably using extrusion technology. The material costs of copper are significantly lower compared to the Ni-Co-Fe alloys that can also be used. Two-way arresters are often used in sockets that have current loops due to closely parallel feed lines. As a result, the arc burns due to one-sided deflection, preferably at a narrowly limited area of the center electrode edge. This melts and reduces the electrode gap, so that an impermissible reduction in the DC response voltage occurs. This disadvantage is avoided by the conical outlet of the inner electrode diameter. The insulating housing with its ignition lines is arranged in a low-vaporization rear space, so that both the good pick-up voltage values and the good insulation with a small residual insulation distance are retained even during service life despite the use of cathode sputtering. Each ceramic insulating body is preferably given two ignition lines which are connected to the main electrode (wire electrode) and two ignition lines which are connected to the center electrode.

Beide Hauptelektroden (Aderelektroden) stehen sich in engem Abstand gegenüber, so daß eine niedrige Ansprechspannung zwischen den Aderpotentialen herstellbar ist. Damit sind auch Systeme schützbar, die hohe Überspannungen zwischen den beeinflußten Leitungen als Querspannung aufweisen, ohne daß unzulässig hohe Längsspannungen gegen Erde auftreten. Treten Überspannungen gegen Erde (Längsspannungen) auf, zündet die erste Strecke und die zweite wird bei dieser engen Kopplung mit nur geringer zeitlicher Verzögerung ansprechen.Both main electrodes (wire electrodes) face each other closely, so that a low response voltage can be produced between the wire potentials. Systems can therefore also be protected which have high overvoltages between the affected lines as a transverse voltage, without inadmissibly high longitudinal voltages to earth. If overvoltages occur against earth (longitudinal voltages), the first route ignites and the second will respond with this close coupling with only a slight delay.

An Hand eines in der Figur der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels soll die Erfindung weiter erläutert werden :

  • Der in der Figur dargestellte Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiter weist zwei axial sich gegenüberstehende Hauptelektroden 1, 2 und eine den Entladungsspalt koaxial ringförmig umgebende Mittelelektrode 3 auf. Die Mittelelektrode 3 ist mit beiden Hauptelektroden 1, 2 jeweils über ein ringförmiges Isoliergehäuse 4 verbunden. Das Isoliergehäuse 4 besteht vorzugsweise aus Keramik. Auf der Innenseite der Isoliergehäuse 4 sind jeweils zwei Zündstriche 6 angebracht. Dabei sind zwei Zündstriche 6 mit der Hauptelektrode 1 und zwei Zündstriche 6 auf der der Hauptelektrode 1 abgewandten Seite mit der Mittelelektrode 3 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Die Zündstriche bestehen vorzugsweise aus Graphit. Die eine Entladungsstrecke bildenden Hauptelektroden 1, 2 sind in Form eines Doppelzylinders nach innen abgestuft. Die mit den beiden Hauptelektroden 1, 2 je eine Hauptentladungsstrecke bildende Mittelelektrode 3 ist als Hohlzylinder ausgebildet. Der Innendurchmesser der Mittelelektrode 3 weist einen kegelförmigen Auslauf auf. Durch diese spezielle Formgebung der Elektroden 1, 2, 3 sind die bedampfungsarmen (abgeschatteten) Hinterräume 9 geschaffen. Durch diese spezielle Formgebung werden die bereits aufgezeigten Vorteile erzielt. Außerdem besitzen die beiden Hauptelektroden 1, 2 elastische Übergänge 7, 8 auf die Enden der Isoliergehäuse 4, wodurch die besonders vorteilhafte Verwendung von Kupfer als Elektrodenmaterial ermöglicht wird. Im Überlappungsbereich der Elektroden 1, 2, 3 sind diese mit einer Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse 5 versehen, mit der die Elektronenaustrittsarbeit herabgesetzt wird. Als Elektrodenaktivierungsmasse 5 werden Metalloxide, vorzugsweise Magnesiumoxid (MgO), verwendet.
The invention will be further explained on the basis of an embodiment shown in the figure of the drawing:
  • The gas discharge surge arrester shown in the figure has two axially opposing main electrodes 1, 2 and a central electrode 3 which coaxially surrounds the discharge gap in a ring. The center electrode 3 is over with both main electrodes 1, 2 an annular insulating housing 4 connected. The insulating housing 4 is preferably made of ceramic. On the inside of the insulating housing 4 two ignition lines 6 are attached. In this case, two ignition lines 6 are electrically conductively connected to the main electrode 1 and two ignition lines 6 on the side facing away from the main electrode 1 to the center electrode 3. The primers are preferably made of graphite. The main electrodes 1, 2 forming a discharge path are stepped inward in the form of a double cylinder. The central electrode 3, which forms a main discharge path with the two main electrodes 1, 2, is designed as a hollow cylinder. The inner diameter of the center electrode 3 has a conical outlet. This special shape of the electrodes 1, 2, 3 creates the low-vaporization (shaded) rear spaces 9. This special design achieves the advantages already shown. In addition, the two main electrodes 1, 2 have elastic transitions 7, 8 on the ends of the insulating housing 4, which enables the particularly advantageous use of copper as the electrode material. In the overlap area of the electrodes 1, 2, 3, they are provided with an electrode activation compound 5 with which the electron work function is reduced. Metal oxides, preferably magnesium oxide (MgO), are used as the electrode activation compound 5.

Claims (4)

1. A gas discharge overvoltage arrester having two axially opposite main electrodes and a central electrode which coaxially surrounds the discharge gap in annular fashion, and which is conically widened at the ends and, is connected to the main electrodes through a connecting element, in each case an annular insulating housing, on the inner side of which, at least one streak of an electrically conductive materials extends over part of the tube length to form an ignition streak, characterised in that the main electrodes (1, 2), which form a discharge space, are inwardly stepped to form a double cylinder and have an elastic transition (7, 8) to the ends of the insulating housings (4) ; that the central electrode (3), which, together with the two main electrodes (1, 2) respectively, forms a main discharge space is formed as a hollow cylinder having a tapering conical profile, at least partially surrounding the two main electrodes (1, 2) and with these, masking the insulating housings (4) from the discharge spaces ; and that the electrodes (1, 2, 3), which are made of copper, are provided with an electrode activating material (5) in the region where they overlap.
2. A gas discharge overvoltage arrester as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the electrode activating material (5) consists of metal oxides, preferably magnesium oxide.
3. A gas discharge overvoltage arrester as claimed in one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one ignition streak (6) is electrically conductively connected to a main electrode (1, 2), and at least one ignition streak (6) is electrically conductively connected to the central electrode (3).
4. A gas discharge overvoltage arrester as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that two ignition streaks (6) are provided.
EP82100197A 1981-01-14 1982-01-13 Gas discharge overvoltage arrester Expired EP0056282B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813100924 DE3100924A1 (en) 1981-01-14 1981-01-14 "GAS DISCHARGE SURGE ARRESTER"
DE3100924 1981-01-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0056282A1 EP0056282A1 (en) 1982-07-21
EP0056282B1 true EP0056282B1 (en) 1985-10-30

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EP82100197A Expired EP0056282B1 (en) 1981-01-14 1982-01-13 Gas discharge overvoltage arrester

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4433354A (en)
EP (1) EP0056282B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57145287A (en)
CA (1) CA1177529A (en)
DE (2) DE3100924A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0056282A1 (en) 1982-07-21
JPS57145287A (en) 1982-09-08
US4433354A (en) 1984-02-21
CA1177529A (en) 1984-11-06
JPH0343759B2 (en) 1991-07-03
DE3267070D1 (en) 1985-12-05
DE3100924A1 (en) 1982-08-05

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