EP0181959B1 - Overvoltage arrester - Google Patents

Overvoltage arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0181959B1
EP0181959B1 EP84114097A EP84114097A EP0181959B1 EP 0181959 B1 EP0181959 B1 EP 0181959B1 EP 84114097 A EP84114097 A EP 84114097A EP 84114097 A EP84114097 A EP 84114097A EP 0181959 B1 EP0181959 B1 EP 0181959B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
overvoltage arrester
electrodes
arrester according
housing
lines
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Expired
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EP84114097A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0181959A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Dr. Brumm
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Cerberus AG
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Cerberus AG
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Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Priority to EP84114097A priority Critical patent/EP0181959B1/en
Priority to DE8484114097T priority patent/DE3478265D1/en
Publication of EP0181959A1 publication Critical patent/EP0181959A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/04—Housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the voltage applied to the electrodes is limited by a gas discharge occurring in the gap between the electrodes at a specific ignition voltage.
  • dynamic ignition voltage As is required in particular when used to protect low-voltage systems, it is known to use various types of ignition-promoting aids.
  • the use of radioactive material for this purpose often encounters difficulties due to a possible health hazard.
  • the conductive layers applied to the inside of the housing have an irregular geometric shape, e.g. B. in the form of elliptical, square or triangular areas, which are partly connected to the electrodes, partly isolated.
  • the distribution of the conductive slopes is extremely irregular, so that the dynamic ignition voltage of such arresters cannot be reproduced exactly either.
  • the risk of reducing the insulation resistance between the conductive areas and the electrodes is also not completely eliminated.
  • the production is very complicated and therefore not very economical.
  • the insulating housing has sections with different inside diameters and each electrode sections with different outside diameters, the sections of the electrodes essentially Complementary to the sections of the insulating housing and were arranged at a distance from the inner surfaces.
  • the disadvantage here was that the sections on the housing and electrodes had to be worked very precisely in order to achieve a uniform ignition voltage over longer periods of time.
  • GB-A-1 588 615 describes a surge arrester in which the inner wall of the housing is provided with grooves in order to extend the creepage distance between the electrodes. A shading effect by which the formation of a coherent, electrically conductive layer between the electrodes is prevented is not achieved.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned of known surge arresters and, in particular, to provide a surge arrester of universal use which has a well-defined low ignition voltage with rapid voltage peaks, a reduced ignition delay with rapid voltage rise, an optimal distribution of the ignition-promoting layers and even with repeated ones Ignition has a longer service life without impairing the insulation resistance and which can be manufactured safely, precisely and economically.
  • the lines consisting of electrically conductive material are alternately electrically conductively connected to one and the other electrode.
  • the electrodes have a layer of emission-promoting material on the mutually facing inner surfaces of the end parts.
  • the grooves extend over the entire length of the tubular housing of the surge arrester.
  • the grooves have a rectangular, trapezoidal, circular or T-shaped cross section, the trapezoidal grooves preferably arranging the side walls at an angle of approximately 30 ° to a plane through the axis of the surge arrester.
  • Designs of the surge arrester according to the invention contain the lines made of electrically conductive material graphite or a transition metal.
  • a surge arrester In the example shown in Figure 1 of a surge arrester are in a tubular housing 1, which is made of insulating material, for. B. glass or preferably made of ceramic, two metallic electrodes 2 and 3 are used at the two ends.
  • the material of the electrodes consists of copper or a copper alloy, of iron or an iron alloy, e.g. B. from an iron / nickel or iron / nickel / cobalt alloy.
  • the electrodes can be connected to the housing in a known manner by means of a metal-ceramic connection.
  • the end parts 4 and 5 of the two electrodes 2 and 3 face each other and face each other, so that a spark gap 6 is formed between these end parts 4 and 5.
  • the inside of the surge arrester namely the chamber 11 formed by the housing 1 and the two electrodes 2 and 3 and the spark gap 6 between the two electrodes 2 and 3, is filled with a suitable gas, depending on the desired electrical properties.
  • the radio link gap 6 forms the actual voltage limiting link.
  • a preferred embodiment of a surge arrester according to the invention is shown, in which the electrodes are designed as hollow electrodes 3.
  • a suitable, known emission-promoting material 9 is applied in the recess of the hollow electrodes 3.
  • an emission-promoting material for example, substances that contain alkali or alkaline earth metals, for. B. a barium / aluminum alloy, as is known from DE-B 1 950 090.
  • Lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material in intimate contact with the material of the housing 1 are applied on the inside of the tubular housing 1 parallel to the axis of the surge arrester at a distance from one another.
  • the arrangement of the lines can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 2, in which the inside of the housing is shown developed in one plane.
  • Lines 7 are always connected in an electrically conductive manner to one electrode and lines 8 to the other electrode.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through part of the wall of the housing 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows different embodiments of the grooves 12 made between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material.
  • the cross section of the grooves can either be trapezoidal, the opening of the groove preferably being narrower than the inner part, circular, T-shaped or rectangular .
  • Either one groove or a plurality of grooves 12 can be provided between two lines 7, 8.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through part of the wall of the housing 1. Between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material parallel to the axis of the housing there are strip-like elevations 13, different embodiments of the strips 13 being shown in FIG.
  • the cross section of the strips 13 can either be trapezoidal, the base of the strip preferably being narrower than the upper part, circular, T-shaped or rectangular.
  • the grooves 12 or elevations 13 arranged between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material can also have cross-sections other than those listed above, without their effectiveness being restricted that of the particles of the electrode material that preferably move radially to the cylindrical housing 1, that is to say perpendicular to the inner wall of the housing 1, do not or only are hard hit (shadowing effect).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ueberspannungsableiter der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention relates to a surge arrester of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Bei solchen Ueberspannungsableitern erfolgt die Begrenzung der an den Elektroden anliegenden Spannung dadurch, dass bei einer bestimmten Zündspannung eine Gasentladung im Spalt zwischen den Elektroden entsteht. Um eine definierte niedrige Zündspannung bei raschem Spannungsanstieg (dynamische Zündspannung) zu erhalten, wie sie insbesondere bei der Verwendung zum Schutz von Niederspannungsanlagen erforderlich ist, ist es bekannt, verschiedenartige, zündfördernde Hilfsmittel zu verwenden. Die Benützung radioaktiven Materials zu diesem Zweck stösst jedoch wegen einer möglichen Gesundheitsgefährdung häufig auf Schwierigkeiten.In the case of such surge arresters, the voltage applied to the electrodes is limited by a gas discharge occurring in the gap between the electrodes at a specific ignition voltage. In order to obtain a defined low ignition voltage with a rapid rise in voltage (dynamic ignition voltage), as is required in particular when used to protect low-voltage systems, it is known to use various types of ignition-promoting aids. However, the use of radioactive material for this purpose often encounters difficulties due to a possible health hazard.

Aus den DE-A 20 32 899 und DE-A-2832470 ist bekannt geworden, bei einem Ueberspannungsableiter der eingangs erwähnten Art auf der Innenseite des . isolierenden Gehäuses eine langgestreckte, schmale, elektrisch leitende Schicht aufzubringen, deren eines Ende mit einer der Elektroden elektrisch leitend verbunden sein kann. Dabei wird jedoch bei jedem Ansprechen und jeder Zündung des Ueberspannungsableiters Elektrodenmaterial verdampft, welches den Isolationswiderstand zwischen diesen Zündstrichen untereinander und der jeweiligen Gegenelektrode herabsetzt und den Ueberspannungsableiter schnell unbrauchbar macht.From DE-A 20 32 899 and DE-A-2832470 it has become known for a surge arrester of the type mentioned at the inside of the. insulating housing to apply an elongated, narrow, electrically conductive layer, one end of which can be electrically conductively connected to one of the electrodes. However, each time the surge arrester is triggered and fired, electrode material is evaporated, which reduces the insulation resistance between these ignition bars among one another and the respective counterelectrode and quickly renders the surge arrester unusable.

Es ist ferner bekannt geworden, das elektrische Feld und die Zündeigenschaften dadurch zu verbessern, dass die auf der Gehäuseinnenseite aufgebrachten leitfähigen Schichten eine unregelmässige geometrische Gestalt besitzen, z. B. in der Form von elliptischen, quadratischen oder dreieckigen Bereichen, welche zum Teil mit den Elektroden verbunden sind, zum Teil davon isoliert. Hierbei ist die Verteilung der leitenden Steilen äusserst unregelmässig, so dass sich die dynamische Zündspannung solcher Ableiter ebenfalls nicht genau reproduzieren lässt. Die Gefahr der Herabsetzung des Isolationswiderstandes zwischen den leitfähigen Bereichen und den Elektroden ist ebenfalls nicht völlig beseitigt. Ausserdem ist die Herstellung sehr kompliziert und daher wenig wirtschaftlich.It has also become known to improve the electrical field and the ignition properties in that the conductive layers applied to the inside of the housing have an irregular geometric shape, e.g. B. in the form of elliptical, square or triangular areas, which are partly connected to the electrodes, partly isolated. Here, the distribution of the conductive slopes is extremely irregular, so that the dynamic ignition voltage of such arresters cannot be reproduced exactly either. The risk of reducing the insulation resistance between the conductive areas and the electrodes is also not completely eliminated. In addition, the production is very complicated and therefore not very economical.

Es ist auch bereits versucht worden, von aussen durch das Gehäuse hindurch zusätzliche Nebenelektroden in die Nähe der Entladungsstrecke zwischen den Hauptelektroden zu führen, wobei durch eine an die Nebenelektroden angelegte Spannung die Zündung beeinflusst werden kann. Einerseits ist die Herstellung wegen der zusätzlichen Elektrodendurchführung schwierig, unsicher und teuer, andererseits können solche Ueberspannungsableiter nicht direkt zwischen die zu schützenden Leitungen geschaltet werden, da eine Hilfsspannung erforderlich ist, welche am Schutzort im allgemeinen nicht zur Verfügung steht und durch eine zusätzliche Schaltung erst erzeugt werden muss. Ueberspannungsableiter mit Nebenelektroden sind daher nur in Spezialfällen einsetzbar.Attempts have also already been made to lead additional secondary electrodes from outside through the housing into the vicinity of the discharge gap between the main electrodes, it being possible for the ignition to be influenced by a voltage applied to the secondary electrodes. On the one hand, the production is difficult, unsafe and expensive because of the additional electrode feedthrough, on the other hand, such surge arresters cannot be connected directly between the lines to be protected, since an auxiliary voltage is required which is generally not available at the protected location and is only generated by an additional circuit must become. Surge arresters with secondary electrodes can therefore only be used in special cases.

In der DE-B 17 63 187 wurde eine gasgefüllte Ueberspannungsschutzvorrichtung vorgeschlagen, bei der zur Verhinderung der Verschlechterung des Isolationswiderstandes durch das Abstäuben von den Metallelektroden das Isoliergehäuse Abschnitte mit unterschiedlichem Innendurchmesser und jede Elektrode Abschnitte mit unterschiedlichem Aussendurchmesser aufwiesen, wobei die Abschnitte der Elektroden im wesentlichen komplementär zu den Abschnitten des Isoliergehäuses ausgebildet und im Abstand von dessen Innenflächen angeordnet waren. Nachteilig war hierbei, dass die Abschnitte auf Gehäuse und Elektroden sehr präzise gearbeitet sein mussten, um eine gleichmässige Zündspannung über längere Zeiträume zu erreichen.In DE-B 17 63 187 a gas-filled overvoltage protection device has been proposed in which, to prevent deterioration of the insulation resistance due to dusting from the metal electrodes, the insulating housing has sections with different inside diameters and each electrode sections with different outside diameters, the sections of the electrodes essentially Complementary to the sections of the insulating housing and were arranged at a distance from the inner surfaces. The disadvantage here was that the sections on the housing and electrodes had to be worked very precisely in order to achieve a uniform ignition voltage over longer periods of time.

In ähnlicher Weise wurde in der US-A-3,780,350 vorgeschlagen, auf zwischen den Elektroden angebrachten Abstandshaltern ringförmige Vorsprünge anzubringen, um die Ablagerung von verdampftem Material auf die Seitenwände zu verhindern. Es gilt sinngemäss das im voranstehenden Absatz Gesagte.Similarly, it has been proposed in US-A-3,780,350 to provide annular projections on spacers placed between the electrodes to prevent deposition of vaporized material on the sidewalls. The statements made in the previous paragraph apply accordingly.

In der GB-A-1 588 615 ist ein Überspannungsableiter beschrieben, bei dem die Innenwand des Gehäuses mit Rillen versehen ist, um die Kriechstrecke zwischen den Elektroden zu verlängern. Ein Abschattungseffekt, durch welchen die Ausbildung einer zusammenhängenden, elektrisch leitfähigen Schicht zwischen den Elektroden verhindert wird, wird dadurch nicht erreicht.GB-A-1 588 615 describes a surge arrester in which the inner wall of the housing is provided with grooves in order to extend the creepage distance between the electrodes. A shading effect by which the formation of a coherent, electrically conductive layer between the electrodes is prevented is not achieved.

Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, die erwähnten Nachteile vorbekannter Ueberspannungsableiter zu beseitigen und insbesondere einen Ueberspannungsableiter universeller Verwendbarkeit zu schaffen, welcher eine gut definierte niedrige Zündspannung bei raschen Spannungsspitzen, eine reduzierte Zündverzögerung bei schnellem Spannungsanstieg, eine optimale Verteilung der zündfördernden Schichten und selbst bei wiederholter Zündung eine längere Lebensdauer ohne Beeinträchtigung des Isolationswiderstandes aufweist und, welcher sicher, genau und wirtschaftlich herstellbar ist.The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned of known surge arresters and, in particular, to provide a surge arrester of universal use which has a well-defined low ignition voltage with rapid voltage peaks, a reduced ignition delay with rapid voltage rise, an optimal distribution of the ignition-promoting layers and even with repeated ones Ignition has a longer service life without impairing the insulation resistance and which can be manufactured safely, precisely and economically.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss bei einem Ueberspannungsableiter der eingangs definierten Art durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 definierten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention in the case of a surge arrester of the type defined at the outset by the features defined in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Ueberspannungsableiters sind die aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material bestehenden Linien abwechselnd mit der einen und der anderen Elektrode elektrisch leitend verbunden. Gemäss einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Elektroden auf den einander zugewandten Innenflächen der Endteile eine Schicht aus emissionsförderndem Material auf.According to a preferred embodiment of the surge arrester according to the invention, the lines consisting of electrically conductive material are alternately electrically conductively connected to one and the other electrode. According to a further preferred embodiment, the electrodes have a layer of emission-promoting material on the mutually facing inner surfaces of the end parts.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemässen Ueberspannungsableiters erstrecken sich die Nuten über die ganze Länge des rohrförmigen Gehäuses des Uebersparinungsableiters.According to a preferred embodiment of the surge arrester according to the invention, the grooves extend over the entire length of the tubular housing of the surge arrester.

Gemäss weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemässen Ueberspannungsableiters weisen die Nuten einen rechteckigen, trapezförmigen, kreisrunden oder T-förmigen Querschnitt auf, wobei bei trapezförmigen Nuten die Seitenwände vorzugsweise in einem Winkel von etwa 30° zu einer durch die Achse des Ueberspannungsableiters gedachten Ebene angeordnet sind.According to further preferred embodiments of the surge arrester according to the invention, the grooves have a rectangular, trapezoidal, circular or T-shaped cross section, the trapezoidal grooves preferably arranging the side walls at an angle of approximately 30 ° to a plane through the axis of the surge arrester.

Gemäss weiteren, ebenfalls bevorzugten Ausge-. staltungen des erfindungsgemässen Ueberspannungsableiters enthalten die Linien aus elektrisch leitendem Material Graphit oder ein Uebergangsmetall.According to further, likewise preferred Aus. Designs of the surge arrester according to the invention contain the lines made of electrically conductive material graphite or a transition metal.

Im folgenden werden anhand der Zeichnungen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des. erfindungsgemässen Ueberspannungsableiters näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemässen Ueberspannungsableiters, wobei im unteren Teil eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform (Vorhandensein von emissionsfördernden Material) dargestellt ist.
  • Figur 2 stellt die Aufsicht auf die Innenseite des rohrförmigen Gehäuses dar, das in eine Ebene abgewickelt worden ist.
  • Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Teil des Gehäuses, wobei verschiedene Ausgestaltungen der Nuten dargestellt sind.
  • Figur 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Teil des Gehäuses des Ueberspannungsableiters, wobei verschiedene Ausgestaltungen der Erhebungen dargestellt sind.
Preferred embodiments of the surge arrester according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of an overvoltage arrester according to the invention, a preferred embodiment (presence of emission-promoting material) being shown in the lower part.
  • Figure 2 shows the top view of the inside of the tubular housing, which has been unwound in one plane.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through part of the housing, with different configurations of the grooves being shown.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section through part of the housing of the surge arrester, various configurations of the elevations being shown.

Bei dem in Figur 1 wiedergegebenen Beispiel eines Ueberspannungsableiters sind in einem rohrförmigen Gehäuse 1, welches aus isolierendem Material, z. B. Glas oder bevorzugt aus Keramik ausgeführt ist, an den beiden Enden zwei metallische Elektroden 2 und 3 eingesetzt. Das Material der Elektroden besteht aus Kupfer oder einer Kupfer-Legierung, aus Eisen oder einer Eisen-Legierung, z. B. aus einer Eisen/Nickel-oder Eisen/Nickel/Kobalt-Legierung. Die Verbindung der Elektroden mit dem Gehäuse kann in bekannter Weise mittels einer Metall-Keramik-Verbindung vorgenommen werden. Die Endteile 4 und 5 der beiden Elektroden 2 und 3 sind einander zugekehrt und stehen sich gegenüber, so dass zwischen diesen Endteilen 4 und 5 ein Funkenstreckenspalt 6 gebildet wird. Das Innere des Ueberspannungsableiters, nämlich die durch das Gehäuse 1 und die beiden Elektroden 2 und 3 gebildete Kammer 11 und der Funkenstreckenspalt 6 zwischen den beiden Elektroden 2 und 3, ist mit einem geeigneten Gas gefüllt, je nach den gewünschten elektrischen Eigenschaften. Der Funkstreckenspalt 6 bildet dabei die eigentliche Spannungsbegrenzungsstrecke.In the example shown in Figure 1 of a surge arrester are in a tubular housing 1, which is made of insulating material, for. B. glass or preferably made of ceramic, two metallic electrodes 2 and 3 are used at the two ends. The material of the electrodes consists of copper or a copper alloy, of iron or an iron alloy, e.g. B. from an iron / nickel or iron / nickel / cobalt alloy. The electrodes can be connected to the housing in a known manner by means of a metal-ceramic connection. The end parts 4 and 5 of the two electrodes 2 and 3 face each other and face each other, so that a spark gap 6 is formed between these end parts 4 and 5. The inside of the surge arrester, namely the chamber 11 formed by the housing 1 and the two electrodes 2 and 3 and the spark gap 6 between the two electrodes 2 and 3, is filled with a suitable gas, depending on the desired electrical properties. The radio link gap 6 forms the actual voltage limiting link.

Im unteren Teil der Figur 1 ist eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemässen Ueberspannungsableiters dargestellt, bei welchem die Elektroden als Hohlelektroden 3 ausgebildet sind. In die Vertiefung der Hohlelektroden 3 ist ein geeignetes, an sich bekanntes emissionsförderndes Material 9 aufgebracht. Als emissionsförderndes Material kommen beispielsweise Substanzen in Frage, die Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetalle enthalten, z. B. eine Barium/Aluminium-Legierung, wie sie aus der DE-B 1 950 090 bekannt ist.In the lower part of FIG. 1, a preferred embodiment of a surge arrester according to the invention is shown, in which the electrodes are designed as hollow electrodes 3. A suitable, known emission-promoting material 9 is applied in the recess of the hollow electrodes 3. As an emission-promoting material, for example, substances that contain alkali or alkaline earth metals, for. B. a barium / aluminum alloy, as is known from DE-B 1 950 090.

Auf der Innenseite des rohrförmigen Gehäuses 1 sind parallel zur Achse des Ueberspannungsableiters im Abstand von einander Linien 7, 8 aus elektrisch leitendem Material in innigem Kontakt mit dem Material des Gehäuses 1 aufgebracht. Die Anordnung der Linien ist in Figur 2, in der die Gehäuseinnenseite in eine Ebene abgewickelt dargestellt ist, besonders klar erkenntlich. Dabei sind immer abwechselnd die Linien 7 mit der einen Elektrode und die Linien 8 mit der anderen Elektrode elektrisch leitend verbunden. Zwischen den Linien 7, 8 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material befinden sich nutenförmige Vertiefungen 12 oder leistenförmige Erhebungen 13, welche den Kriechweg zwischen den Linien 7, aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material erhöhen. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass durch das Abscheiden des von den Elektroden abgestäubten Materials auf den Innenwänden des Gehäuses 1 die elektrische Leitfähigkeit soweit erhöht wird, dass ein Kurzschluss zwischen den Linien 7, 8 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material - und damit zwischen den Elektroden 2 und 3 - eintritt.Lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material in intimate contact with the material of the housing 1 are applied on the inside of the tubular housing 1 parallel to the axis of the surge arrester at a distance from one another. The arrangement of the lines can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 2, in which the inside of the housing is shown developed in one plane. Lines 7 are always connected in an electrically conductive manner to one electrode and lines 8 to the other electrode. Between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material there are groove-shaped depressions 12 or strip-shaped elevations 13, which increase the creepage distance between the lines 7 made of electrically conductive material. This prevents the depositing of the material dusted by the electrodes on the inner walls of the housing 1 from increasing the electrical conductivity to such an extent that a short circuit between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material - and thus between the electrodes 2 and 3 - entry.

In Figur 3 ist ein Querschnitt durch einen Teil der Wand des Gehäuses 1 dargestellt. Die Figur 3 zeigt verschiedene Ausführungsformen der zwischen den Linien 7, 8 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material angebrachten Nuten 12. Der Querschnitt der Nuten kann entweder trapezförmig, wobei vorzugsweise die Oeffnung der Nute enger ist als der innere Teil, kreisförmig, T-förmig oder rechteckig sein. Zwischen je 2 Linien 7, 8 kann entweder eine Nut, oder aber auch mehrere Nuten 12 angebracht sein.FIG. 3 shows a cross section through part of the wall of the housing 1. FIG. 3 shows different embodiments of the grooves 12 made between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material. The cross section of the grooves can either be trapezoidal, the opening of the groove preferably being narrower than the inner part, circular, T-shaped or rectangular . Either one groove or a plurality of grooves 12 can be provided between two lines 7, 8.

In Figur 4 ist ein Querschnitt durch einen Teil der Wand des Gehäuses 1 dargestellt. Zwischen den parallel zur Achse des Gehäuses angeordneten Linien 7, 8 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material befinden sich leistenförmige Erhebungen 13, wobei in der Figur 4 verschiedene Ausführungsformen der Leisten 13 dargestellt sind. Der Querschnitt der Leisten 13 kann entweder trapezförmig, wobei vorzugsweise der Fuss der Leiste schmaler ist als der obere Teil, kreisförmig, T-förmig oder rechteckig sein.FIG. 4 shows a cross section through part of the wall of the housing 1. Between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material parallel to the axis of the housing there are strip-like elevations 13, different embodiments of the strips 13 being shown in FIG. The cross section of the strips 13 can either be trapezoidal, the base of the strip preferably being narrower than the upper part, circular, T-shaped or rectangular.

Die zwischen den Linien 7, 8 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material angeordneten Nuten 12 bzw. Erhebungen 13 können auch andere als die vorstehend aufgeführten Querschnitte aufweisen, ohne dass ihre Wirksamkeit eingeschränkt .wird wenn nur erreicht wird, dass auf der Innenwand des Gehäuses 1 Bereiche vorhanden sind, die von den vorzugsweise sich radial zum zylindrischen Gehäuse 1 bewegenden, d. h. senkrecht auf die Innenwand des Gehäuses 1 auftreffenden Teilchen des Elektrodenmaterials nicht oder nur schwer getroffen werden (Abschattungseffekt).The grooves 12 or elevations 13 arranged between the lines 7, 8 made of electrically conductive material can also have cross-sections other than those listed above, without their effectiveness being restricted that of the particles of the electrode material that preferably move radially to the cylindrical housing 1, that is to say perpendicular to the inner wall of the housing 1, do not or only are hard hit (shadowing effect).

Claims (10)

1. Overvoltage arrester, which consists of a tubular insulating housing (1), in the ends of which two electrodes (2, 3) are inserted in a gas- tight manner and on the inside wall of which a longitudinal, narrow, electrically conductive or semiconductive layer (7, 8) is located, one end of which is electrically conductively connected to one of the electrodes (2, 3), the electrodes (2, 3) exhibiting a spark gap (6) between end parts (4, 5) which enclose one another and delimit between themselves and the housing (1) a particular chamber (11) and the electrically conductively or semiconducting layer (7, 8) being applied to the inside wall of the housing (1) in such a manner that it consists of lines (7, 8) which are arranged at a distance from one another parallel to the axis of the housing (1), characterized in that at least one elongated slot (12) or at least one strip- shaped projection (13) is located in each case between the lines (7, 8) of electrically conductive or semiconducting material.
2. Overvoltage arrester according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lines (7, 8) consisting of electrically conductive or semiconducting material are alternately electrically conductively connected to one (2) and the other electrode (3).
3. Overvoltage arrester according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lines (7, 8) consisting of electrically conductively or semiconducting material contain graphite.
4. Overvoltage arrester according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the lines (7, 8) consisting of electrically conductive or semiconducting material contain a transition metal.
5. Overvoltage arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the two electrodes (2, 3) exhibits an emission- promoting material (9) on the inside surface of the end parts (4, 5) facing the other electrode.
6. Overvoltage arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slots (12) extend over the entire length of the tubular housing (1).
7. Overvoltage arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the slots (12) exhibit a trapezoidal cross-section.
8. Overvoltage arrester according to Claim 7, characterized in that the side walls of the trapezoidal slots (12) are arranged at an angle of about 30° to an imaginary plane through the axis of the overvoltage arrester.
9. Overvoltage arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the slot (12) exhibits a circular cross-section.
10. Overvoltage arrester according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the slot (12) exhibits a T-shaped cross-section.
EP84114097A 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Overvoltage arrester Expired EP0181959B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84114097A EP0181959B1 (en) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Overvoltage arrester
DE8484114097T DE3478265D1 (en) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Overvoltage arrester

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84114097A EP0181959B1 (en) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Overvoltage arrester

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0181959A1 EP0181959A1 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0181959B1 true EP0181959B1 (en) 1989-05-17

Family

ID=8192299

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84114097A Expired EP0181959B1 (en) 1984-11-22 1984-11-22 Overvoltage arrester

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0181959B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3478265D1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1196121A (en) 1966-06-07 1970-06-24 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements relating to Vacuum Switches
DE2346174A1 (en) 1973-09-13 1975-03-27 Siemens Ag SURGE ARRESTERS
DE2757337A1 (en) 1977-01-27 1978-08-03 Cerberus Ag OVERVOLTAGE ARRANGER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT
EP0056282A1 (en) 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas discharge overvoltage arrester

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2919371A (en) * 1954-04-22 1959-12-29 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Spark-over protective devices for low voltage electrical apparatus
US3780350A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-12-18 Gen Signal Corp Surge arrester
DE2431236C3 (en) * 1974-06-28 1978-10-19 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Surge arresters
GB1588615A (en) * 1978-04-19 1981-04-29 Welwyn Electric Ltd Electrical spark gap device
DE2832470A1 (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-02-07 Siemens Ag Gas discharge tube for overvoltage diverter - has two electrodes inside insulating tube, with graphite ignition strip covering part of tube length
CH652246A5 (en) * 1980-10-10 1985-10-31 Cerberus Ag SURGE ARRESTERS.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1196121A (en) 1966-06-07 1970-06-24 Reyrolle A & Co Ltd Improvements relating to Vacuum Switches
DE2346174A1 (en) 1973-09-13 1975-03-27 Siemens Ag SURGE ARRESTERS
DE2757337A1 (en) 1977-01-27 1978-08-03 Cerberus Ag OVERVOLTAGE ARRANGER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT
EP0056282A1 (en) 1981-01-14 1982-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas discharge overvoltage arrester

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0181959A1 (en) 1986-05-28
DE3478265D1 (en) 1989-06-22

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