EP0055840B1 - Process and plant for the combustion of organic materials - Google Patents

Process and plant for the combustion of organic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0055840B1
EP0055840B1 EP81110617A EP81110617A EP0055840B1 EP 0055840 B1 EP0055840 B1 EP 0055840B1 EP 81110617 A EP81110617 A EP 81110617A EP 81110617 A EP81110617 A EP 81110617A EP 0055840 B1 EP0055840 B1 EP 0055840B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasification
shaft
chamber
combustion
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81110617A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0055840A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Mallek
Manfred Dr. Laser
Dorothee Ermisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority to AT81110617T priority Critical patent/ATE12681T1/en
Publication of EP0055840A1 publication Critical patent/EP0055840A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0055840B1 publication Critical patent/EP0055840B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for incinerating waste from organic substances, in which the waste from organic substances is first dried and degassed with exclusion of air at temperatures rising up to approximately 550 ° C. and then in a continuous material flow at temperatures up to approximately 850 ° C are mainly gasified, whereupon the gases formed in whole or in part and the remaining combustible solid products together with the ashes formed during the gasification are brought into a combustion chamber with fresh air supply, and a device for carrying out this method.
  • Methods and devices for incinerating organic waste i.e. Solid and possibly liquid waste materials belong to the known prior art.
  • a method of the aforementioned type in which the waste materials are first dried, then degassed and then gasified and the pretreated gaseous and solid products are then used be burned.
  • the drying, degassing, gasification and combustion processes run continuously.
  • an ember bed is formed from the exhaust gas products entering the gasification chamber.
  • air is passed into the gasification zone in sufficient quantity so that the ember bed has a volume and temperature level which is sufficient for the intended purpose.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with which it is possible to manage larger throughputs of waste materials than is possible with the known devices.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described in the introduction in that the drying, degassing and gasification of the waste materials is carried out in two procedurally separate steps, in that the waste materials are dried and degassed in a first step, and this during degassing resulting material is gasified in a second step, the substances being guided in such a way that the material flow between the first and the second process step can be interrupted for the purpose of mechanical treatment of the material resulting from the degassing and that the degassed material is gasified at the beginning of the process Gasification phase the amounts of gasification agents such as air, steam, C0 2 , 0 2 or a mixture of these substances is added to the changes in the composition of the material during the flow of material.
  • the drying, degassing and gasification of the waste materials is carried out in two procedurally separate steps, in that the waste materials are dried and degassed in a first step, and this during degassing resulting material is gasified in a second step, the substances being guided in such
  • the gasification agents are supplied to the substances to be gasified in cocurrent from the beginning during the gasification process.
  • the gasification process is far more manageable than before, because the addition of gasification agents can be controlled in a simple manner depending on the composition of the gases formed during gasification and the solid combustible substances .
  • the gasification agent is fed to the material to be gasified in the direction of flow of the material together with gases formed during drying and degassing.
  • the steam released during drying, with the formation of water gas for the gasification of carbon, and the smoldering gases arising during the degassing of the waste, for cracking the long-chain coal water Molecules of substance in low molecular weight compounds passed at the gasification temperature over the coke formed during degassing.
  • the fuel gas developed during the gasification is removed via a gap-shaped passage, the material being held above the gap until it is gasified.
  • a preferred device for carrying out the method according to the invention is a device with a shaft furnace for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 4 with a device for emitting heat for gasifying the material in the shaft, with a combustion chamber connected downstream of the shaft, wherein in the Combustion chamber opening burners as well as combustion air supply and an extraction device for the ashes are provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber.
  • the device with the shaft furnace is designed in accordance with the invention in that a first chamber, which serves to pretreat the waste from organic substances by the action of heat with exclusion of air at temperatures up to about 550 ° C., is provided, which the shaft as the second, the heat effect of the substances higher temperature serving chamber is connected, wherein at the upper part of the shaft in the gasification chamber leads to a feed for the gasification agent to be added to the gas to be gasified and the shaft is separated from the combustion chamber through a passage constricting the cross section with the supply of the components to be burned regulating components .
  • the passage is designed as an annular or longitudinal gap.
  • a shaft furnace for the disposal of waste with a combustion chamber provided in the shaft furnace is e.g. known from DE-D-26 04 409.
  • fresh air supplies to the combustion chamber and flue gas discharges from the combustion chamber are provided.
  • a constriction is provided at the transition from the shaft of the shaft furnace to the combustion chamber, in the immediate vicinity of which the fresh air feeds open.
  • the waste to be removed is dried, degassed, gasified and then the remaining coke residues are burned together with the fuel gas produced.
  • the shaft furnace in which gasification and combustion are carried out is preceded by a heated chamber in which the organic substances are dried and degassed.
  • An expedient refinement of the device with a shaft furnace is that exhaust gas ducts are connected to the shaft, which in their course surround the outer wall of the first chamber.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device with shaft furnace according to the invention is that the first chamber intended for pretreating the waste by drying and degassing is designed as a rotating drum inclined with respect to the horizontal with a gas-tight lock system at the loading end, the other end of which is at the upper part of the chimney forming the gasification chamber opens, so that the material subjected to the heat treatment reaches the furnace chimney after being discharged from the rotary drum.
  • drying and degassing of the organic waste materials are separated from the gasification and the subsequent combustion in a continuous process. This is done by drying and degassing in the rotary drum, which is heated from the outside, and gassing in the shaft furnace with the addition of gasifying agents.
  • the device according to the invention in such a way that between the end of the rotary drum that is to be subjected to drying and degassing, and the shaft, one overlaps the upper part of the shaft furnace , by means of one or more gas-tight locks, an intermediate chamber which can be locked to the outside is provided.
  • the device according to To design the invention so that the upper part of the shaft is completely or partially covered by a vibrating screen and that on the side opposite the confluence of the rotating drum in the upper part of the shaft furnace, a shaft opening with its lower surface at the level of the vibrating screen and lockable by means of a gas-tight lock is provided for discharging non-combustible goods.
  • a closure flap is provided above the ash discharge, which is arranged at a sufficient distance from the narrow points provided in the shaft of the shaft furnace.
  • the waste is fed into the rotary drum 2 via a filling sluice 1 arranged at one end of the rotary drum 2 which is inclined with respect to the horizontal.
  • the waste is dried and degassed in the rotary drum 2, which is heated to about 550 ° C.
  • the rotary drum 2 can be heated. This can be done either directly by arranging burners or expediently in that the flue gas line 11 connected to the combustion chamber 6 in the lower part of the shaft furnace 4 is routed in such a way that it surrounds the rotary drum 2 with the line section 3 such that the outer wall the rotary drum 2 also forms an inner wall of the section 3 of the flue gas line 11.
  • the rotating drum 2 is connected to the upper part of the shaft furnace 4 in such a way that the material filled into the rotating drum 2 is passed on into the shaft of the shaft furnace 4 after drying and degassing.
  • the shaft of the shaft furnace 4 forms the gasification space 6a.
  • a feed line 5 for the gasification agents to be added opens into the upper part of the gasification chamber 6a.
  • the gasification chamber 6a is separated from the downstream combustion chamber 6 by one or more lock elements 7.
  • the lock elements 7 have a closed upper side with respect to the gasification chamber and are mounted on a shaft or axis which, when they move, release gap-shaped through openings for the discharge of solid and gaseous products from the gasification chamber 6a into the combustion chamber 6.
  • Smoke gases generated during combustion are discharged through an exhaust pipe 11 connected to the combustion chamber.
  • the solid components entering the combustion chamber 6 are deposited on the closure flap 10, which forms the bottom of the combustion chamber. It is arranged at such a distance from the lock elements 7 that the combustion chamber has a sufficient volume.
  • the arrangement of a closure flap 10 in the combustion chamber 6 has the advantage that it allows the ashes which are formed during the combustion to be passed on completely in accordance with the respective amount Ash discharge 12.
  • the end of the rotary drum 2, from which the filled goods are passed on after drying and gas emissions, does not open directly into the shaft of the shaft furnace 4, but into one between rotation drum and shaft furnace arranged, by means of locks 13 and 14 gas-tight lockable intermediate chamber 15, which overlaps the upper part of the shaft of the shaft furnace 4.
  • the shaft is covered by a vibrating screen 16. This has the advantage that through the vibrating screen 16 in the shaft of the shaft furnace 4 and thus in the gasification chamber 6a, in the upper part of which the feed line 5 for the gasification agents to be added also opens, only gaseous products and such solid products pass through the mesh of the vibrating screen can fall through. This is essentially the coked material that occurs during degassing.
  • the remaining non-combustible waste components pass via the vibrating screen 16 into a shaft 17 which is connected to the intermediate chamber 15 and is sealed gas-tight by means of the lock 13 and can be removed from there.
  • additives are added through the lock 13 provided on the intermediate chamber 15 to bind pollutants which can be formed by the waste when heat is generated.
  • a tubular part 18 rotatable about its longitudinal axis in the shaft of the shaft furnace 4, with a part 19 widening conically at the end projecting into the shaft between the gasification chamber 6a and the combustion chamber 6 between the base of the conical one Part 19 and the adjacent wall of the furnace shaft formed a constriction formed as an annular gap.
  • the tubular part 18 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, especially when the tubular arm 18 protruding laterally into the shaft - not shown in the drawing - are arranged during the gasification, a loosening of the material to be gasified is achieved .
  • the tubular part 18 also serves to supply air to the combustion chamber.

Abstract

Separation of the apparatus for drying and degassing organic waste from the shaft furnace containing a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber increases the through-put capability of the shaft furnace gasification. The gasification is promoted by the addition, in the same direction of flow as the partly carbonized waste material, of a gas such as air, steam, carbon dioxide or oxygen adjusted in accordance with the changes in composition of the material that is gasified. The drying and degassing chamber is a rotary drum feeding the dried and degassed material into the top of the shaft furnace. An intermediate chamber may be imposed between the rotary drum and the shaft furnace at the top of the shaft furnace so that a sieve can separate incombustible material such as metal parts for withdrawal through a gas-tight sluice. A narrow gap, either a straight gap between moveable members or an annular gap defined by a rotary plug, provides the communication between the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber below. Material is held above the gap for completion of gasification and the actual combustion with additional air supply takes place in the combustion chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfällen aus organischen Stoffen, bei dem die Abfälle aus organischen Stoffen zunächst unter Luftabschluss bei bis zu etwa 550 °C ansteigenden Temperaturen getrocknet und entgast und im Anschluss daran im kontinuierlichen Stofffluss bei Temperaturen bis zu etwa 850 °C zum überwiegenden Teil vergast werden, worauf die dabei gebildeten Gase ganz oder zum Teil und die verbleibenden brennbaren festen Produkte zusammen mit der bei der Vergasung gebildeten Asche unter Frischluftzufuhr in eine Brennkammer gebracht werden, sowie eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for incinerating waste from organic substances, in which the waste from organic substances is first dried and degassed with exclusion of air at temperatures rising up to approximately 550 ° C. and then in a continuous material flow at temperatures up to approximately 850 ° C are mainly gasified, whereupon the gases formed in whole or in part and the remaining combustible solid products together with the ashes formed during the gasification are brought into a combustion chamber with fresh air supply, and a device for carrying out this method.

Verfahren und Einrichtungen zum Verbrennen von Abfällen aus organischen Stoffen, d.h. insbesondere fester und gegebenenfalls flüssiger Abfallstoffe gehören zum bekannten Stand der Technik. So ist beispielsweise aus der DE-C-26 04 409 und aus der DE-B-26 54 041 ein Verfahren der vorbezeichneten Art bekannt, bei dem die Abfallstoffe zunächst getrocknet, dann entgast und anschliessend vergast und die so vorbehandelten gasförmigen und festen Produkte anschliessend verbrannt werden. Trocknungs-, Entgasungs-, Vergasungs- und Verbrennungsprozess laufen dabei kontinuierlich ab. Um eine möglichst weitgehende Vergasung der Abfallstoffe zu erzielen, wird dabei aus den in die Vergasungskammer gelangenden Abgasprodukten ein Glutbett gebildet. Zu diesem Zweck wird in die Vergasungszone in hinreichender Menge Luft geleitet, damit das Glutbett ein für den vorgesehenen Zweck ausreichendes Volumen und eine ausreichende Temperaturhöhe aufweist. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass bei der Verwendung eines solchen Schachtofens ein bestimmter Ofenquerschnitt nicht überschritten werden darf, weil es wegen der schlechten Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Abfälle dann nicht mehr gelingt, die zum Trocknen, Entgasen und Vergasen notwendige Energie gleichmässig zuzuführen. Das hat bei indirekter Wärmezuführung von den Ofenwandungen her, aber auch bei direkter Wärmezuführung durch Teilverbrennung der beim Vergasen gebildeten Gase die weitere nachteilige Folge, dass sich Reaktionskanäle ausbilden und dass Randgängigkeit auftritt. Damit wird der Prozessablauf unkontrollierbar. Verwendet man zum Verbrennen von Abfällen einen Schachtofen der vorbezeichneten Art, so kann der Durchsatz, wenn der Prozess einwandfrei ablaufen soll, nicht über 1 t/h gesteigert werden.Methods and devices for incinerating organic waste, i.e. Solid and possibly liquid waste materials belong to the known prior art. For example, from DE-C-26 04 409 and from DE-B-26 54 041 a method of the aforementioned type is known, in which the waste materials are first dried, then degassed and then gasified and the pretreated gaseous and solid products are then used be burned. The drying, degassing, gasification and combustion processes run continuously. In order to achieve the greatest possible gasification of the waste materials, an ember bed is formed from the exhaust gas products entering the gasification chamber. For this purpose, air is passed into the gasification zone in sufficient quantity so that the ember bed has a volume and temperature level which is sufficient for the intended purpose. However, it has been shown that when using such a shaft furnace, a certain furnace cross-section must not be exceeded, because because of the poor thermal conductivity of the waste, it is no longer possible to supply the energy required for drying, degassing and gasification evenly. With indirect heat supply from the furnace walls, but also with direct heat supply through partial combustion of the gases formed during the gasification, the further disadvantageous consequence is that reaction channels are formed and that accessibility to the edges occurs. This makes the process flow uncontrollable. If a shaft furnace of the aforementioned type is used to incinerate waste, the throughput, if the process is to run smoothly, cannot be increased above 1 t / h.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Einrichtung zu schaffen, mit der es möglich ist, grössere Durchsätze an Abfallstoffen zu bewältigen als dies mit den bekannten Einrichtungen möglich ist.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a device suitable for carrying out the method, with which it is possible to manage larger throughputs of waste materials than is possible with the known devices.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäss der Erfindung bei einem Verfahren der eingangs bezeichneten Art dadurch gelöst, dass die Trocknung, Entgasung und Vergasung der Abfallstoffe in zwei voneinander verfahrensmässig getrennten Schritten durchgeführt wird, indem die Abfallstoffe in einem ersten Schritt getrocknet und entgast werden und das bei der Entgasung entstehende Gut in einem zweiten Schritt vergast wird, wobei die Stoffe derart geführt werden, dass der Stofffluss zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Verfahrensschritt zum Zwecke der mechanischen Behandlung des bei der Entgasung entstehenden Gutes unterbrechbar ist und dass dem entgasten Gut zu dessen Vergasung zu Beginn der Vergasungsphase den Änderungen der Zusammensetzung des Gutes während des Stoffflusses entsprechende Mengen an Vergasungsmitteln wie Luft, Dampf, C02, 02 oder eine Mischung dieser Stoffe zugegeben wird.This object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type described in the introduction in that the drying, degassing and gasification of the waste materials is carried out in two procedurally separate steps, in that the waste materials are dried and degassed in a first step, and this during degassing resulting material is gasified in a second step, the substances being guided in such a way that the material flow between the first and the second process step can be interrupted for the purpose of mechanical treatment of the material resulting from the degassing and that the degassed material is gasified at the beginning of the process Gasification phase the amounts of gasification agents such as air, steam, C0 2 , 0 2 or a mixture of these substances is added to the changes in the composition of the material during the flow of material.

Aus den Patentschriften DE-A-2651 302 und US-A-41 42 867 sind Verfahren bekannt, bei denen es sich allerdings nicht um Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen, sondern um Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Brenngas bzw. Brenngas und anderen wiederverwendbaren Produkten, wie kohlenstoffhaltige verkohlte Produkte handelt. Nach diesen bekannten Verfahren werden die Abfälle aus organischen Stoffen im kontinuierlichen Stofffluss zunächst unter Luftabschluss bei bis zu etwa 500 °C ansteigenden Temperaturen getrocknet und entgast und im Anschluss daran bei höheren Temperaturen vergast. Die Trocknung, Entgasung und Vergasung der Abfallstoffe wird dabei in zwei voneinander verfahrensmässig getrennten Schritten durchgeführt, in dem die Abfallstoffe in einem ersten Schritt getrocknet und entgast werden und das bei der Entgasung entstehende Gut in einem zweiten Schritt vergast wird. Während der Vergasungsphase wird Vergasungsmittel, wie Luft und Dampf, zugegeben. Ein Teil des bei der Vergasung entstehenden Brenngases wird zur Erzeugung der Abfallstoffe in der ersten Verfahrensstufe eingesetzt.Processes are known from the patents DE-A-2651 302 and US-A-41 42 867, which, however, are not processes for the combustion of waste, but processes for the production of fuel gas or fuel gas and other reusable products such as carbonaceous charred products. According to these known processes, the waste from organic substances is first dried and degassed in a continuous flow of material in the absence of air at temperatures rising up to about 500 ° C. and then gasified at higher temperatures. The drying, degassing and gasification of the waste materials is carried out in two procedurally separate steps, in which the waste materials are dried and degassed in a first step and the material produced during the degassing is gasified in a second step. Gasifying agents such as air and steam are added during the gasification phase. Part of the fuel gas generated during gasification is used to generate the waste in the first stage of the process.

In den vorgenannten Patentschriften sind ferner Verrichtungen zur Durchführung der bekannten Verfahren beschrieben.In the aforementioned patents, devices for performing the known methods are also described.

Beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren werden die Vergasungsmittel den zu vergasenden Stoffen von Anfang an während des Vergasungsvorgangs im Gleichstrom zugeführt. Dadurch sowie durch die Trennung von Trocknungs- und Entgasungsschritt vom Vergasungsschritt wird erreicht, dass der Vergasungsvorgang weitaus beherrschbarer ist als bislang, weil die Zugabe an Vergasungsmitteln in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung der bei der Vergasung entstehenden Gase und der festen brennbaren Stoffe auf einfache Weise steuerbar ist.In the method according to the invention, the gasification agents are supplied to the substances to be gasified in cocurrent from the beginning during the gasification process. As a result of this, as well as by separating the drying and degassing step from the gasification step, the gasification process is far more manageable than before, because the addition of gasification agents can be controlled in a simple manner depending on the composition of the gases formed during gasification and the solid combustible substances .

Sehr vorteilhaft ist es, das Verfahren gemäss der Erfindung so durchzuführen, dass das Vergasungsmittel dem zu vergasenden Gut in Durchlaufrichtung des Gutes zusammen mit bei der Trocknung und Entgasung gebildeten Gasen zugeführt wird. Dadurch wird der beim Trocknen freiwerdende Dampf unter Bildung von Wassergas zur Vergasung von Kohlenstoff und die beim Entgasen der Abfälle anfallenden Schwelgase zum Aufcracken der langkettigen Kohlewasserstoffmoleküle in niedermolekulare Verbindungen bei der Vergasungstemperatur über den beim Entgasen gebildeten Koks geleitet. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, Abfallstoffe zu einem nicht unbedeutenden Teil in hochwertiges Brenngas umzusetzen, was zu einer Erhöhung der Effektivität der Verbrennung der Abfallstoffe führt. Dabei ist ferner sehr von Vorteil, dass das bei der Vergasung entwickelte Brenngas über einen spaltförmigen Durchlass entnommen wird, wobei das Gut oberhalb des Spaltes bis zu seiner Vergasung gehalten wird.It is very advantageous to carry out the method according to the invention in such a way that the gasification agent is fed to the material to be gasified in the direction of flow of the material together with gases formed during drying and degassing. As a result, the steam released during drying, with the formation of water gas for the gasification of carbon, and the smoldering gases arising during the degassing of the waste, for cracking the long-chain coal water Molecules of substance in low molecular weight compounds passed at the gasification temperature over the coke formed during degassing. In this way, it is possible to convert a significant amount of waste material into high-quality fuel gas, which leads to an increase in the effectiveness of the waste material combustion. It is also very advantageous that the fuel gas developed during the gasification is removed via a gap-shaped passage, the material being held above the gap until it is gasified.

Zweckmässig ist es, das Verfahren gemäss der Erfindung so durchzuführen, dass mit den Abfällen aus organischen Stoffen verbundene, nicht brennbare Bestandteile, wie Metallkörper, nach der Entgasung aus dem Stofffluss der weiterzubehandelnden Stoffe abgezogen werden. Auch dadurch werden die Vorgänge während der Vergasung besser beherrscht.It is expedient to carry out the method according to the invention in such a way that non-combustible constituents, such as metal bodies, associated with the waste from organic substances are removed from the material flow of the substances to be treated after degassing. This also better controls the processes during gasification.

Eine bevorzugte Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäss der Erfindung ist eine Einrichtung mit Schachtofen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4 mit einer Einrichtung zur Abgabe von Wärme zum Vergasen des im Schacht befindlichen Materials, mit einem dem Schacht nachgeschalteten Verbrennungsraum, wobei in den Verbrennungsraum mündende Brenner sowie Verbrennungsluftzuführungen und am Boden des Verbrennungsraumes eine Abzugsvorrichtung für die Asche vorgesehen sind.A preferred device for carrying out the method according to the invention is a device with a shaft furnace for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 4 with a device for emitting heat for gasifying the material in the shaft, with a combustion chamber connected downstream of the shaft, wherein in the Combustion chamber opening burners as well as combustion air supply and an extraction device for the ashes are provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber.

Die Einrichtung mit Schachtofen ist gemäss der Erfindung dadurch ausgestaltet, dass eine erste, zur Vorbehandlung der Abfälle aus organischen Stoffen durch Wärmeeinwirkung unter Luftabschluss bei Temperaturen bis zu etwa 550 °C dienende Kammer vorgesehen ist, der der Schacht als zweite, der Wärmeeinwirkung der Stoffe bei höheren Temperaturen dienende Kammer nachgeschaltet ist, wobei am oberen Teil des Schachtes in den Vergasungsraum eine Zuführung für die dem zu vergasenden Gut zuzugebenden Vergasungsmittel mündet und der Schacht von dem Verbrennungsraum durch einen den Querschnitt verengenden Durchlass mit die Zuführung des zu verbrennenden Gutes regelnden Bauelementen abgetrennt ist. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass der Durchlass als Ring- oder Längsspalt ausgebildet ist.The device with the shaft furnace is designed in accordance with the invention in that a first chamber, which serves to pretreat the waste from organic substances by the action of heat with exclusion of air at temperatures up to about 550 ° C., is provided, which the shaft as the second, the heat effect of the substances higher temperature serving chamber is connected, wherein at the upper part of the shaft in the gasification chamber leads to a feed for the gasification agent to be added to the gas to be gasified and the shaft is separated from the combustion chamber through a passage constricting the cross section with the supply of the components to be burned regulating components . The advantage here is that the passage is designed as an annular or longitudinal gap.

Die Verwendung eines Schachtofens zur Beseitigung von Abfällen mit einem im Schachtofen vorgesehenen Brennraum ist z.B. aus der DE-D-26 04 409 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Schachtofen sind Frischluftzuführungen zu der Brennkammer sowie Rauchgasabführungen aus dem Brennraum vorgesehen. Ferner ist an dem Übergang des Schachtes des Schachtofens zur Brennkammer eine Engstelle vorgesehen, in deren unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft die Frischluftzuführungen münden. In diesem bekannten Schachtofen werden die zu beseitigenden Abfälle getrocknet, entgast, vergast und sodann die noch verbleibenden Koksreste zusammen mit dem entstandenen Brenngas verbrannt.The use of a shaft furnace for the disposal of waste with a combustion chamber provided in the shaft furnace is e.g. known from DE-D-26 04 409. In this known shaft furnace, fresh air supplies to the combustion chamber and flue gas discharges from the combustion chamber are provided. Furthermore, a constriction is provided at the transition from the shaft of the shaft furnace to the combustion chamber, in the immediate vicinity of which the fresh air feeds open. In this known shaft furnace, the waste to be removed is dried, degassed, gasified and then the remaining coke residues are burned together with the fuel gas produced.

Demgegenüber wird bei der Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung dem Schachtofen, in dem Vergasung und Verbrennung durchgeführt werden, eine beheizte Kammer vorgeschaltet, in der die organischen Stoffe getrocknet und entgast werden.In contrast, in the device according to the invention, the shaft furnace in which gasification and combustion are carried out is preceded by a heated chamber in which the organic substances are dried and degassed.

Eine zweckmässige Weiterausgestaltung der Einrichtung mit Schachtofen besteht darin, dass an den Schacht Abgaskanäle angeschlossen sind, die in ihrem Verlauf die Aussenwandung der ersten Kammer umgeben.An expedient refinement of the device with a shaft furnace is that exhaust gas ducts are connected to the shaft, which in their course surround the outer wall of the first chamber.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Einrichtung mit Schachtofen gemäss der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die zur Vorbehandlung der Abfälle durch Trocknen und Entgasen bestimmte erste Kammer als gegenüber der Waagerechten geneigt liegende Drehtrommel mit einem gasdichten Schleusensystem am Beschickungsende ausgebildet ist, deren anderes Ende an dem oberen Teil des die Vergasungskammer bildenden Schachtes mündet, so dass das der Wärmebehandlung unterworfene Gut nach dem Ausschleusen aus der Drehtrommel in den Ofenschacht gelangt.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the device with shaft furnace according to the invention is that the first chamber intended for pretreating the waste by drying and degassing is designed as a rotating drum inclined with respect to the horizontal with a gas-tight lock system at the loading end, the other end of which is at the upper part of the chimney forming the gasification chamber opens, so that the material subjected to the heat treatment reaches the furnace chimney after being discharged from the rotary drum.

Aus der Zeitschrift «Müll und Abfall» 1977, Seiten 293 bis 300, ist die Verwendung einer Drehtrommel aus Stahl zur Pyrolyse von organischen Abfallstoffen bekannt (vergleiche insbesondere Tabelle 2 sowie linke Spalte von Seite 296). Diese Drehtrommel wird indirekt mit der Auspuffwärme eines Gasmotors oder den Abgasen eines Gas-oder Ölbrenners beheizt. An beiden Seiten der Drehtrommel sind gasdichte Schleusensysteme vorgesehen; sie ermöglichen eine kontinuierliche Beschickung und einen fortlaufenden Schlacken-und Russaustrag. Dabei vorgesehene Rohreinbauten dienen neben dem Wärmeeintrag zugleich der Stoffumwälzung und dem Stofftransport. Eine Verbrennung der verbleibenden festen Stoffe und eines Teils der entstehenden Gase ist nicht vorgesehen. Daher ist diese Vorrichtung auch nur in begrenztem Umfang verwendbar.The use of a rotary drum made of steel for the pyrolysis of organic waste materials is known from the magazine “Rubbish and Waste” 1977, pages 293 to 300 (compare in particular Table 2 and left column from page 296). This rotary drum is heated indirectly with the exhaust heat from a gas engine or the exhaust gases from a gas or oil burner. Gas-tight lock systems are provided on both sides of the rotary drum; they enable continuous feeding and slag and soot discharge. In addition to the heat input, the pipe internals provided also serve to circulate the material and transport it. A combustion of the remaining solid substances and part of the resulting gases is not planned. This device can therefore only be used to a limited extent.

Demgegenüber ist bei der Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung bei kontinuierlich ablaufendem Verfahren Trocknung und Entgasung der organischen Abfallstoffe von der Vergasung und der daran anschliessenden Verbrennung getrennt. Das geschieht dadurch, dass die Trocknung und Entgasung unter Luftabschluss in der von aussen beheitzen Drehtrommel und die Vergasung unter Zugabe von Vergasungsmitteln im Schachtofen erfolgen. Durch die Trennung des Trocknungs-und Entgasungsvorgangs von dem Vergasungs-und anschliessendem Verbrennungsvorgang wird erreicht, dass die Vorgänge leichter aussteuerbar sind und in der Vergasungsstufe ein seiner Qualität nach gleichmässiges Brenngas erzeugt wird, das zu einer vollständigen Verbrennung des Abfallstoffs führt.In contrast, in the device according to the invention, drying and degassing of the organic waste materials are separated from the gasification and the subsequent combustion in a continuous process. This is done by drying and degassing in the rotary drum, which is heated from the outside, and gassing in the shaft furnace with the addition of gasifying agents. By separating the drying and degassing process from the gasification and subsequent combustion process it is achieved that the processes are easier to control and in the gasification stage a fuel gas of uniform quality is generated which leads to a complete combustion of the waste material.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Verbrennungskapazität durch die erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung erhöht wird. Wurde bei einer Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung ein Schachtofen gleicher Grösse wie bislang verwendet, so führte dies zu einer Steigerung der Verarbeitungskapazität um das 5- fache. Das ergibt sich daraus, dass die wesentliche Volumenverminderung in der Drehtrommel stattfindet. Vorteilhaft ist ferner, dass dem Schachtofen überwiegend Koks zugeführt wird, wodurch eine Schüttung erreicht wird, die gegenüber normalem Müll sehr viel gasdurchlässiger ist, so dass die im Gleichstrom am Eingang des Schachtofens zugegebenen Vergasungsmittel bei der im Schacht stattfindenden Vergasung mit der Folge voll zur Wirkung kommen, dass der Vergasungsvorgang weitaus gleichmässiger und vollständiger abläuft, als dies bei den bisher bekannten Vorrichtungen der Fall war.It has been shown that the combustion capacity is increased by the device according to the invention. If a shaft furnace of the same size as previously was used in a device according to the invention, this led to an increase in the processing capacity by 5- fold. This results from the fact that the substantial volume reduction takes place in the rotating drum. It is also advantageous that coke is predominantly fed to the shaft furnace, thereby achieving a bed which is much more gas-permeable than normal waste, so that the gasifying agents added in cocurrent at the entrance to the shaft furnace have the full effect in the gasification taking place in the shaft come that the gasification process proceeds much more evenly and completely than was the case with the previously known devices.

Ein sehr beachtlicher weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich hinsichtlich der bei der Herstellung der Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung zu verwendenden Materialien. Durch die Trennung der Trocknungs-und Entgasungszone von der Vergasungszone und der Verbrennungszone werden zwei unterschiedliche Temperaturbereiche geschaffen. In der Trocknungs- und Entgasungszone, d.h. in der Drehtrommel herrschen Temperaturen bis max. 550 °C. Die Temperaturen in der Vergasungszone liegen bei etwa 850 °C. Demnach brauchen nur die Vergasungszone und die sich daran anschliessende Verbrennungszone aus temperaturbeständigen Materialien zu bestehen. Für die Drehtrommel genügen weniger temperaturbeständige Materialien.A very considerable further advantage arises with regard to the materials to be used in the manufacture of the device according to the invention. The separation of the drying and degassing zone from the gasification zone and the combustion zone creates two different temperature ranges. In the drying and degassing zone, i.e. Temperatures of up to max. 550 ° C. The temperatures in the gasification zone are around 850 ° C. Accordingly, only the gasification zone and the subsequent combustion zone need to be made of temperature-resistant materials. Less temperature-resistant materials are sufficient for the rotating drum.

Um einen möglichst einfachen Übergang zwischen Drehtrommel und Schachtofen sicherzustellen, ist es zweckmässig, die Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung so auszugestalten, dass zwischen dem zum Weiterschleusen des der Trocknung und der Entgasung unterworfenen Gutes bestimmten Ende der Drehtrommel und dem Schacht eine den oberen Teil des Schachtofens übergreifende, mittels einer oder mehrerer gasdichter Schleusen nach aussen abschliessbare Zwischenkammer vorgesehen ist.In order to ensure the simplest possible transition between the rotary drum and the shaft furnace, it is expedient to design the device according to the invention in such a way that between the end of the rotary drum that is to be subjected to drying and degassing, and the shaft, one overlaps the upper part of the shaft furnace , by means of one or more gas-tight locks, an intermediate chamber which can be locked to the outside is provided.

Um zu erreichen, dass mit den organischen Abfallstoffen verbundene Bestandteile, wie Metallkörper oder dergleichen nach der Entgasung aus dem Stofffluss der weiter zu behandelnden Stoffe abgezogen werden, sie also nicht in unkontrollierter Weise in die Vergasungszone eingeschleust werden, ist es vorteilhaft, die Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung so auszugestalten, dass der obere Teil des Schachtes ganz oder teilweise durch ein Rüttelsieb abgedeckt ist und dass auf der der Einmündung der Drehtrommel in den oberen Teil des Schachtofens gegenüberliegenden Seite ein mit seiner unteren Fläche in Höhe des Rüttelsiebes einmündender, mittels gasdichter Schleuse abschliessbarer Schacht zum Ausschleusen nicht brennbaren Gutes vorgesehen ist.In order to ensure that constituents associated with the organic waste materials, such as metal bodies or the like, are removed from the material flow of the substances to be treated after degassing, i.e. that they are not introduced into the gasification zone in an uncontrolled manner, it is advantageous to use the device according to To design the invention so that the upper part of the shaft is completely or partially covered by a vibrating screen and that on the side opposite the confluence of the rotating drum in the upper part of the shaft furnace, a shaft opening with its lower surface at the level of the vibrating screen and lockable by means of a gas-tight lock is provided for discharging non-combustible goods.

Damit ein Raum mit ausreichendem Volumen zur Verfügung steht, ist oberhalb des Ascheaustrags eine Verschlussklappe vorgesehen, die mit hinreichendem Abstand zu der im Schacht des Schachtofens vorgesehenen Engstellen angeordnet ist.So that a room with sufficient volume is available, a closure flap is provided above the ash discharge, which is arranged at a sufficient distance from the narrow points provided in the shaft of the shaft furnace.

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung schematisch wiedergegeben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den Aufbau der Einrichtung zum Verbrennen von Abfällen aus organischen Stoffen im Schnitt
  • Fig. 2 ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel der Einrichtung.
In the drawing, two exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown schematically. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows the structure of the device for burning waste from organic substances in section
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the device.

Wie aus der Zeichnung hervorgeht, werden die Abfälle über eine an einem Ende der gegenüber der Waagerechten geneigt liegenden Drehtrommel 2 angeordneten Befüllschleuse 1 in die Drehtrommel 2 eingegeben. Die Abfälle werden in der Drehtrommel 2, die auf etwa 550 °C aufgeheizt wird, getrocknet und entgast. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Drehtrommel 2 beheizbar. Das kann entweder direkt durch Anordnung von Brennern oder zweckmässig dadurch geschehen, dass die an den Brennraum 6 im unteren Teil des Schachtofens 4 angeschlossene Rauchgasleitung 11 so geführt wird, dass sie in ihrem Verfauf mit der Leitungsstrecke 3 die Drehtrommel 2 so umgibt, dass die Aussenwandung der Drehtrommel 2 zugleich eine Innenwandung der Strecke 3 der Rauchgasleitung 11 bildet. Mit ihrem anderen Ende ist die Drehtrommel 2 mit dem oberen Teil des Schachtofens 4 so verbunden, dass das in die Drehtrommel 2 eingefüllte Gut nach dem Trocknen und der Entgasung in den Schacht des Schachtofens 4 weitergeschleust wird. Der Schacht des Schachtofens 4 bildet den Vergasungsraum 6a. In den oberen Teil des Vergasungsraums 6a mündet eine Zuleitung 5 für die zuzugebenden Vergasungsmittel ein. Der Vergasungsraum 6a ist, wie aus Fig. 1 hervorgeht, von dem nachgeschalteten Verbrennungsraum 6 durch ein oder mehrere Schleusenelemente 7 getrennt. Die Schleusenelemente 7 weisen gegenüber dem Vergasungsraum eine geschlossene Oberseite auf und sind auf einer Welle oder Achse gelagert, die bei ihrer Bewegung spaltförmige Durchgangsöffnungen für das Ausschleusen der festen und gasförmigen Produkte aus dem Vergasungsraum 6a in den Verbrennungsraum 6 freigeben. Unterhalb der Schleusenelemente 7 münden Verbrennungsluftzuführungen 8 in den Brennraum, ausserdem sind am Brennraum 6 ein oder mehrere Brenner 9 angeordnet, von denen in der Zeichnung nur einer dargestellt ist. Bei der Verbrennung entstehende Rauchgase werden durch eine am Brennraum angeschlossene Abgasleitung 11 abgeleitet. Die in den Brennraum 6 gelangenden festen Bestandteile lagern sich auf der Verschlussklappe 10 ab, die den Boden der Brennkammer bildet. Sie ist gegenüber den Schleusenelementen 7 in einem solchen Abstand angeordnet, dass die Brennkammer ein ausreichendes Vo(umen aufweist. Die Anordnung einer Verschlussklappe 10 im Brennraum 6 hat den Vorteil, dass dadurch die restlose Weiterschleusung der bei der Verbrennung gebildeten Asche entsprechend dem jeweiligen Anfall zur Ascheaustragung 12 erleichtert wird. Bei dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung mündet das Ende der Drehtrommel 2, aus dem das eingefüllte Gut nach dem Trocknen und Engasen weitergeschleust wird, nicht direkt in den Schacht des Schachtofens 4, sondern in eine zwischen Drehtrommel und Schachtofen angeordnete, mittels Schleusen 13 und 14 gasdicht verschliessbare Zwischenkammer 15, die den oberen Teil des Schachtes des Schachtofens 4 übergreift. Dabei ist der Schacht durch ein Rüttelsieb 16 abgedeckt. Das hat den Vorteil, dass durch das Rüttelsieb 16 in den Schacht des Schachtofens 4 und somit in den Vergasungsraum 6a, in dessen oberen Teil auch die Zuleitung 5 für die zuzugebenden Vergasungsmittel einmündet, nur gasförmige Produkte und solche festen Produkte gelangen, die durch die Maschen des Rüttelsiebes hindurchfallen können. Das ist im wesentlichen das bei der Entgasung anfallende verkokte Material. Die übrigen nicht brennbaren Abfallbestandteile, wie beispielsweise Metallkörper, gelangen über das Rüttelsieb 16 in einen an die Zwischenkammer 15 angeschlossene und mittels der Schleuse 13 gasdicht verschlossene Schacht 17 und können von dort abgezogen werden. Zur Bindung von Schadstoffen, die bei der Wärmeentwicklung von den Abfällen gebildet werden können, werden erforderlichenfalls Zuschlagstoffe bei dieser Ausführungsform der Einrichtung gemäss der Erfindung durch die an der Zwischenkammer 15 vorgesehenen Schleuse 13 zugegeben.As can be seen from the drawing, the waste is fed into the rotary drum 2 via a filling sluice 1 arranged at one end of the rotary drum 2 which is inclined with respect to the horizontal. The waste is dried and degassed in the rotary drum 2, which is heated to about 550 ° C. For this purpose, the rotary drum 2 can be heated. This can be done either directly by arranging burners or expediently in that the flue gas line 11 connected to the combustion chamber 6 in the lower part of the shaft furnace 4 is routed in such a way that it surrounds the rotary drum 2 with the line section 3 such that the outer wall the rotary drum 2 also forms an inner wall of the section 3 of the flue gas line 11. At its other end, the rotating drum 2 is connected to the upper part of the shaft furnace 4 in such a way that the material filled into the rotating drum 2 is passed on into the shaft of the shaft furnace 4 after drying and degassing. The shaft of the shaft furnace 4 forms the gasification space 6a. A feed line 5 for the gasification agents to be added opens into the upper part of the gasification chamber 6a. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the gasification chamber 6a is separated from the downstream combustion chamber 6 by one or more lock elements 7. The lock elements 7 have a closed upper side with respect to the gasification chamber and are mounted on a shaft or axis which, when they move, release gap-shaped through openings for the discharge of solid and gaseous products from the gasification chamber 6a into the combustion chamber 6. Combustion air feeds 8 open below the lock elements 7 into the combustion chamber, and one or more burners 9 are also arranged on the combustion chamber 6, only one of which is shown in the drawing. Smoke gases generated during combustion are discharged through an exhaust pipe 11 connected to the combustion chamber. The solid components entering the combustion chamber 6 are deposited on the closure flap 10, which forms the bottom of the combustion chamber. It is arranged at such a distance from the lock elements 7 that the combustion chamber has a sufficient volume. The arrangement of a closure flap 10 in the combustion chamber 6 has the advantage that it allows the ashes which are formed during the combustion to be passed on completely in accordance with the respective amount Ash discharge 12. In the embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in Fig. 2, the end of the rotary drum 2, from which the filled goods are passed on after drying and gas emissions, does not open directly into the shaft of the shaft furnace 4, but into one between rotation drum and shaft furnace arranged, by means of locks 13 and 14 gas-tight lockable intermediate chamber 15, which overlaps the upper part of the shaft of the shaft furnace 4. The shaft is covered by a vibrating screen 16. This has the advantage that through the vibrating screen 16 in the shaft of the shaft furnace 4 and thus in the gasification chamber 6a, in the upper part of which the feed line 5 for the gasification agents to be added also opens, only gaseous products and such solid products pass through the mesh of the vibrating screen can fall through. This is essentially the coked material that occurs during degassing. The remaining non-combustible waste components, such as metal bodies, pass via the vibrating screen 16 into a shaft 17 which is connected to the intermediate chamber 15 and is sealed gas-tight by means of the lock 13 and can be removed from there. In this embodiment of the device according to the invention, additives are added through the lock 13 provided on the intermediate chamber 15 to bind pollutants which can be formed by the waste when heat is generated.

Bei dem in Fig. 2 wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel wird durch Anordnung eines um seine Längsachse drehbaren rohrförmig ausgebildeten Teiles 18 im Schacht des Schachtofens 4 mit einem an dem in den Schacht hineinragenden Ende sich kegelförmig erweiternden Teil 19 zwischen Vergasungsraum 6a und Brennraum 6 zwischen der Basis des kegelförmigen Teils 19 und der benachbarten Wandung des Ofenschachtes eine als Ringspalt ausgebildete Engstelle gebildet. Dadurch, dass das rohrförmig ausgebildete Teil 18 um seine Längsachse drehbar ist, wird insbesondere dann, wenn an dem rohrförmigen Teil 18 seitlich in den Schacht hineinragende - in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Rührarme - angeordnet sind, während der Vergasung eine Auflokkerung des zu vergasenden Gutes erzielt. Das rohrförmige Teil 18 dient gleichzeitig der Luftzuführung in den Brennraum.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, by arranging a tubular part 18 rotatable about its longitudinal axis in the shaft of the shaft furnace 4, with a part 19 widening conically at the end projecting into the shaft between the gasification chamber 6a and the combustion chamber 6 between the base of the conical one Part 19 and the adjacent wall of the furnace shaft formed a constriction formed as an annular gap. Characterized in that the tubular part 18 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis, especially when the tubular arm 18 protruding laterally into the shaft - not shown in the drawing - are arranged during the gasification, a loosening of the material to be gasified is achieved . The tubular part 18 also serves to supply air to the combustion chamber.

Claims (11)

1. Process for the combustion of organic waste materials, wherein the organic waste materials are dried and degasified in a continuous material flow in the first instance with exclusion of air at temperatures rising to about 550 °C, and then gasified to a preponderant extent at temperatures up to about 850 °C, whereupon the gases formed in this operation, all or part of them, also the remaining combustible solid substances, are conducted together with the ash formed in the gasification operation into a combustion chamber, with introduction of fresh air, characterised in that the drying, degasification and gasification of the waste materials are carried out in two steps separated from one another in the process, in that the waste materials are dried and degasified in a first step and the product produced in the degasification is gasified in a second step, and the materials are so conducted that the material flow is interruptable between the first and the second process step for the purpose of mechanical treatment of the product produced at degasification, and that quantities of gasifying agents such as air, steam, C02, 02 or a mixture of these substances, corresponding to the changes in the composition of the product during its throughflow are added to the degasified product for gasification thereof at the start of the gasification phase.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the gasififying agent is supplied to the product to be gasified in the throughflow direction of the product together with gases formed at drying and degasification.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the burnable gas developed in the gasification operation is removed through a gap- shaped passage, the product being held above the gap until its degasification.
4. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that non-burnable constituents accompanying the organic waste materials, such as metal objects, are removed after the degasification from the flow of materials which are to be processed further.
5. Plant with shaft kiln for carrying out the process according to claims 1 to 4, with an arrangement for giving off heat for gasification of material situated in the shaft, with a combustion chamber arranged downstream of the shaft, and with provision of combustion air inlets and burners which open into the combustion chamber and a discharge device for the ash being provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber, characterised in that a first chamber (2) is provided for pretreatment of the organic material waste by action of heat with exclusion of air at temperatures up to about 550 °C and is followed downstream by the shaft as a second chamber (6a) used for heat action on the materials at relatively high temperatures, and between the first and second chambers a mean is provided for interrupting the flow of material, such as a vibratory screen, and an inlet (5) for the gasification agent to be introduced into the product to be gasified debouches at the upper portion of the shaft into the gasification chamber (6a), and the shaft is separated from the combustion chamber (6) by a passage narrowing the cross-section, with components which regulate the supply of the product to be burned.
6. Plant according to claim 5, characterised in that the passage is constructed as an annular or longitudinal gap.
7. Plant according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that exhaust gas ducts are connected to the shaft, and extend in such a manner as to surround the external wall of the first chamber.
8. Plant according to claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the first chamber, which is intended for the pretreatment of the waste materials by drying and degasification, is constructed as a rotary drum (2) inclined relatively to the horizontal and having a gastight exclusion lock system (1) at the charging end, the other end of the said drum debouching at the upper portion of the shaft constituting the gasification chamber, so that the product subjected to heat treatment enters the kiln shaft after issuing from the rotary drum (2) through the gastight lock.
9. Plant according to claim 8 for carrying out the process according to claim 4, characterised in that between the end of the rotary drum (2) and the shaft (4) there is provided an intermediate chamber (15) which extends over the upper portion of the shaft and is closed relatively to the outside by means of one or more gastight exclusion locks (13, 14).
10. Plant according to one of claims 8 and 9, characterised in that the upper portion of the shaft (4) is wholly or partly covered with a vibratory screen (16), and that at the side opposite from the debouchment of the rotary drum (2) into the upper portion of the shaft (4) there is provided a shaft (17) for discharge of nonburnable material through exclusion lock means, this discharge shaft having its lower wall starting at the level of the vibratory screen (16) and being adapted to be closed by means of a gastight exclusion lock (14).
11. Plant according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterised in that a closure flap device (10) is provided above the ash discharge duct (12).
EP81110617A 1980-12-27 1981-12-19 Process and plant for the combustion of organic materials Expired EP0055840B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81110617T ATE12681T1 (en) 1980-12-27 1981-12-19 PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR COMBUSTION OF ORGANIC MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3049250A DE3049250C2 (en) 1980-12-27 1980-12-27 Equipment with smoldering drum and shaft furnace
DE3049250 1980-12-27

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EP0055840A1 EP0055840A1 (en) 1982-07-14
EP0055840B1 true EP0055840B1 (en) 1985-04-10

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US (1) US4544374A (en)
EP (1) EP0055840B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57133189A (en)
KR (1) KR880002401B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE12681T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3049250C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4544374A (en) 1985-10-01
KR880002401B1 (en) 1988-11-04
DE3049250C2 (en) 1985-10-24
KR830008108A (en) 1983-11-09
DE3049250A1 (en) 1982-09-09
JPS57133189A (en) 1982-08-17
EP0055840A1 (en) 1982-07-14
ATE12681T1 (en) 1985-04-15
JPH0451597B2 (en) 1992-08-19

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